Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Brown

Publications and source records attributed to M Brown.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Visionary strategies for the 1990s.

As we enter the new decade, rapid changes in the health care field make it increasingly important for hospital executives to build a vision for the future. By asking pointed questions of themselves and their staffs and by understanding the needs and expectations of consumers, hospital leaders can respond with a visionary strategy tailor-made for their organizations.

Hospital Administrators↗
PubMed1989

Divalent hapten-induced intestinal anaphylaxis in the mouse: uptake and characterization of a bystander protein.

We examined the mucosal barrier function during anaphylaxis induced by the hapten N,N'-di-2,4,dinitrophenyl-lysine (di-DNP-lysine) in BDF1 female mice immunized with dinitrophenylated Ascaris suum extract. Immunized mice were gavaged with 10 mg or 50 mg of ovalbumin (OVA) with or without N,N'-di-2,4,-DNP-lysine (di-DNP-lysine). Animals that received di-DNP-lysine underwent anaphylaxis and were observed to have significantly greater serum concentrations of immunoreactive OVA (iOVA) than control mice. The severity of anaphylaxis, which varied with the dose of di-DNP-lysine administered, influenced the uptake of OVA; greater amounts of iOVA were detected in serum of mice undergoing more severe anaphylaxis. On gel permeation of serum from both groups of mice, immunoreactive OVA was found to have a molecular size similar to native OVA. Di-DNP-lysine is a synthetic hapten that reliably induced anaphylaxis in sensitized animals challenged by gavage. Anaphylaxis resulted in the uptake into the circulation of greater quantities of an unrelated protein antigen present in the intestinal lumen. The protein antigen that was taken up into the circulation appeared to be intact and thus may have an influence on the development of the immune response, or lack thereof, to this bystander antigen.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1989

Increased serum CD8 antigen level in childhood Hodgkin's disease relates to advanced stage and poor treatment outcome.

Measurement of the soluble form of CD8 antigen, a surface membrane component of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, has yielded useful information relevant to prognosis in the lymphoid malignancies of childhood. We therefore determined pretreatment levels of serum CD8 antigen in 90 children with newly diagnosed Hodgkin's disease. The findings ranged widely, from 220 to 2,585 U/mL (median, 556 U/mL). In patients with advanced disease (stage III or IV), the median serum CD8 level was significantly higher than in those with less disease extension (stage I or II): 675 v 477 U/mL, P = .003. It was also higher in children with B symptoms compared with all others: 622 v 494 U/mL, P = .005. Cases with a histologic classification of mixed cellularity had a significantly higher median level of the antigen than did those classified as nodular sclerosis: 847 v 509 U/mL, P = .005. Finally, higher serum CD8 levels (greater than 430 U/mL) were significantly associated with an increased probability of treatment failure (P = .02). In a multivariate analysis, serum CD8 level retained its impact on treatment outcome after adjustment for other potentially useful prognostic factors, including disease stage, presence of B symptoms, histology, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, sex, age, and race. The prognostic strength shown by soluble CD8 in this analysis suggests that the antigen has clinical value. We postulate that increased CD8 levels in serum indicate enhanced suppressor T-cell activity, which may compromise the host's antitumor immunity, leading to unusually aggressive disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Health care.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1989

Methods for the reduction of AIDS social anxiety and social stigma.

A cognitive-social model is proposed for the study of AIDS social attitudes. Features of the ambivalent (fear and compassion) public belief system toward PWAs are outlined and ways to increase altruism and reduce fear are specified. Three studies are reported using cognitive-social methods for the reduction of AIDS social anxiety and social stigma. Study 1 found that cognitive inoculation and abbreviated group desensitization equally reduced AIDS social anxiety measured by a verbal scale. One form of brief group desensitization was superior to basic factual, counterphobic inoculation in reducing desire for social restriction of persons with AIDS (PWAs). In Study 2 subject improvisational role playing of PWAs increased positive attitudes toward PWAs and desire for altruistic actions but did not reduce measured fear. Knowledge of AIDS was negatively correlated with AIDS social anxiety and desire for patient restriction. AIDS social anxiety was negatively correlated with altruism and positively correlated with homophobia. In Study 3, three forms of experimenter-guided mastery imagery reduced AIDS social anxiety and increased AIDS altruism. Results of these studies may have relevance to reducing high-risk contagious behavior, as well as to reducing AIDS social stigma and social anxiety. A componential model of AIDS education is described.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Special considerations during rehabilitation of the aged athlete.

Rehabilitation in the true sense includes the prevention of unnecessary painful conditions and injury. Pre-exercise screening and proper exercise prescription may eliminate factors likely to cause a painful condition. When treatment for the older exercising adult is indicated, extra time to alleviate the condition is often required.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Intestinal adaptation during lactation in the mouse. I. Enhanced intestinal uptake of dietary protein antigen.

Small quantities of dietary protein antigens cross the intestinal epithelium of the lactating mouse, enter the circulation, are transferred across the mammary gland into the milk and reach the suckling neonate. In this study, we sought to determine whether intestinal uptake of ovalbumin (OVA) was enhanced in lactating compared to control mice. OVA was administered by gavage under ether anaesthesia. Blood was obtained at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min and immunoreactive OVA (iOVA) measured by enzyme immunoassay. At 30 and 60 min, a three- to four-fold higher concentration of iOVA was detected in lactating compared to control mice. Because this increase in concentration of iOVA might be explained by changes in plasma volume, rate of clearance of OVA from the circulation or altered uptake from the intestine, plasma volume was measured by isotope dilution after i.v. injection of 125I-bovine serum albumin (BSA) and clearance was assessed by measuring elimination of OVA from the circulation after i.v. injection of OVA. In comparison to controls, plasma volume of Day 7-10 lactating mice was increased two-fold and no difference in clearance rate was noted. Because the increase in concentration of iOVA in lactating mice is several-fold greater than in controls, we suggest that increased intestinal uptake of the protein occurs during lactation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Breast self-examination: knowledge, attitudes, and performance among black women.

This survey assessed the reported frequency of breast self-examination (BSE): the knowledge of the technique and attitudes regarding the self-exam of 180 black women. Most respondents indicated having practiced the exam during the previous year, and 50% reported practicing it monthly or more often. Less than half of the sample indicated performing the exam according to American Cancer Society guidelines, although 92% reported being either very confident or somewhat confident of their performance ability. Attitudinal and demographic variables were tested for significant relationships with BSE practice. Compared with nonperformers, BSE performers were older, had higher annual incomes, and were more likely to believe in the benefits of BSE, to perceive social approval for BSE practice, to have been taught to perform BSE, to have had a Pap smear, a clinical breast exam, and a general physical exam within one year, and to visit a physician in a private office or clinic (as opposed to a hospital emergency room). Frequency of self-examination was significantly associated with the performer's competency level, age, belief in the benefits of performing BSE, perceived social approval for practice, having been taught to perform the exam, and level of confidence in ability to perform it.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

High serum interleukin-2 receptor levels correlate with a poor prognosis in children with Hodgkin's disease.

To improve the biologic evaluation of Hodgkin's disease, we determined serum interleukin-2 receptor (IL2R) levels in 88 children with this tumor. In patients with stage III or IV disease, the median receptor level was significantly higher than in patients with lower stages (3195 vs. 1087 U/ml, p = 0.0001). Similarly, the median level for children with stage B disease was 3262 U/ml, compared with 999 U/ml for those lacking constitutional symptoms (p = 0.0001). Patients with very high soluble IL2R levels (greater than or equal to 5000 U/ml) were significantly more likely to fail treatment (p = 0.01), even when the analysis was restricted to groups with advanced disease: stages III and IV (p = 0.0001). When entered in the Cox-proportional hazards model with other potentially useful prognostic factors, soluble IL2R level was found to be an independent predictor of treatment outcome. The relationship of high serum IL2R levels to an adverse clinical outcome in Hodgkin's disease may be explained by a model in which the soluble receptor competes for the ligand with the cellular receptor on normal lymphocytes, thus blocking antitumor immunity dependent on interleukin-2. Alternatively, high serum levels of IL2R may simply reflect increased release of the receptor from activated malignant cells in patients with advanced disease or an otherwise poor prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Polarity effects on wound healing using electric stimulation in rabbits.

The aims of this study were to examine effects of high-voltage stimulation (HVS) on wound closure, tensile properties, and mitotic activity. Thirty-six rabbits were assigned to experimental (n = 18) or control groups. Each animal was anesthetized and a full-thickness incision, 3.5 cm long, was made on its back. After 24 hours, experimental rabbits received HVS for two hours, twice daily, for seven days. Polarity was negative the first three days and positive thereafter. Wound closure for HVS treated rabbits was 100%, which was significantly better than that of control rabbits (87%). Tensile strength values and mitotic activity for experimental and control rabbits were comparable. Histologic examination of the wounds suggested a more rapid rate of epithelialization in treated rabbits. Results suggest that electric stimulation, as given, augments wound closure.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Antigenic expression of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemic lymphocytes.

A flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) samples and in monocyte-depleted and T-cell-depleted normal peripheral blood (B-PBL) samples was undertaken using 129 reagents from the blind panel (BP) and 72 reagents from the cluster designation (CD) panel obtained from the Fourth International Leucocyte Differentiation Conference and Workshop, B-Cell Section. After determining the average mean channel fluorescence and the average percentage of positive cells for the B-CLL and the normal B-PBL preparations, a combined ratio and difference analysis was performed for each monoclonal antibody reactivity. This analysis confirmed the intense expression of class II antigens on B-CLL and the preferential expression of CD19, CD20, CD23 and CD24 antigens. In addition, three new clustered and three new unclustered antigens were also preferentially expressed on B-CLL lymphocytes. Cluster analysis of these differences suggests the existence of at least three overlapping immunophenotypic subpopulations, composed of CD19, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD23, CD24, CD75, CD76 and CDw78.

Antigens, CD↗