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Biomedical subjects

M Briscoe

Publications and source records attributed to M Briscoe.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Cetirizine, loratadine, or placebo in subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis: effects after controlled ragweed pollen challenge in an environmental exposure unit.

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis affects nearly one in 10 Americans. Cetirizine is a newer once-daily selective H1-antagonist. In traditional clinical trials, cetirizine has been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. OBJECTIVE: To better characterize the efficacy and onset of action of cetirizine in a more controlled but clinically relevant setting, this agent was compared with loratadine and placebo in patients with symptomatic seasonal allergic rhinitis undergoing controlled pollen challenge in an environmental exposure unit (EEU). METHODS: This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study. After screening, patients were exposed to ragweed pollen (primed) in the EEU (up to six exposures), and those with qualifying symptom scores were randomized to controlled pollen exposure (two periods of 5.5 to 6.5 hours over 2 days) and once-daily treatment with 10 mg cetirizine (n = 67), 10 mg loratadine (n = 67), or placebo (n = 68). The mean ragweed pollen level was 3480 +/- 350 grains/m3 (standard deviation). The primary efficacy variables were the total symptom complex (TSC) and the major symptom complex (MSC) scores. Symptoms were evaluated every half hour in the EEU throughout the study. RESULTS: Cetirizine produced a 36.7% mean reduction in TSC scores overall versus 15.4% with loratadine and 12.0% with placebo (p < or = 0.01). Cetirizine also produced a 37.4% mean reduction in MSC scores overall versus 14.7% with loratadine and 6.7% with placebo (p < or = 0.01). Onset of action as assessed by reductions in TSC and MSC scores versus placebo was evident within 1 hour with cetirizine (p < or = 0.02) and 3 hours with loratadine (p < or = 0.03). The incidence of treatment-related side effects was similar among groups, with headache reported most commonly in each group. CONCLUSION: Cetirizine is well tolerated and effective in reducing symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis in patients undergoing controlled pollen challenge.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

A comparison of triamcinolone acetonide nasal aerosol spray and fluticasone propionate aqueous solution spray in the treatment of spring allergic rhinitis.

BACKGROUND: Many nasal corticosteroids with different potencies and formulations are available, but they have all been proven safe and effective. The clinical relevance, if any, of these differences is not yet completely established. OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the efficacy, safety, and patients' acceptance of triamcinolone acetonide aerosol spray and fluticasone propionate aqueous solution in the treatment of spring allergic rhinitis. METHODS: After a drug-free baseline evaluation, patients with rhinitis were randomized to receive either a triamcinolone aerosol spray of 110 microg in each nostril once daily (n = 117) or a fluticasone solution spray of 100 microg in each nostril once daily (n = 116) in a single-blind, parallel-group study. The Rhinitis Index Score (sum of scores of symptoms on a scale from 0 to 3) was evaluated daily, in the morning before drug administration, for 21 days. The efficacy of each treatment was assessed by the mean reduction from baseline in the Rhinitis Index Score and in individual symptom scores. Patients' acceptance of the study drugs was also monitored by a daily questionnaire. RESULTS: Reductions of the Rhinitis Index Score (mean +/- SEM) were 4.20 +/- 0.21 and 4.60 +/- 0.21 for triamcinolone and fluticasone, respectively (p = 0.23). There were no statistically significant differences between the drugs in the reduction of any of the individual symptoms. Patients expressed statistically significant differences between the drugs regarding acceptance; different properties of the aerosol and the solution were appreciated differently. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that triamcinolone acetonide aerosol and fluticasone propionate solution sprays are both clinically equally effective, safe, and well tolerated for the treatment of spring pollen allergic rhinitis.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of two recombinant Maedi-visna virus proteins for use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of serum antibodies to ovine lentiviruses.

Defined segments of the gag polyprotein and transmembrane envelope glycoprotein from Maedi-visna virus were expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins in Escherichia coli and evaluated singly and in combination for use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two hundred sixty field serum specimens from 15 sheep flocks were tested in parallel with recombinant and whole-virus antigens, and the relative sensitivities and specificities of the recombinant antigens were calculated. When the recombinant gag and transmembrane proteins were used in combination, a sensitivity of 97.4% and a specificity of 99.4% relative to whole-virus antigen were observed, indicating the utility of these proteins in diagnostic testing.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

P300 and reaction-time measures in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type.

Auditory evoked potentials were recorded in a choice reaction-time task. This test paradigm elicited the attention-related P300 component and was used to study cognitive processing. Compared with age-matched controls, 17 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type were shown to have significantly longer reaction times as well as delayed latencies of several components of the auditory evoked potentials. The fractional increase in the reaction times was much greater than that of the P300 peak latency. The latter is commonly accepted as an index of stimulus-evaluation time. These findings suggest a delay in both response selection and stimulus evaluation.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

General practitioners' use of community psychiatric nursing services: a preliminary survey.

A questionnaire on general practitioners' use of community psychiatric nursing services was sent to a random sample of 100 general practitioners in two contrasting areas, Croydon and Cambridgeshire. General adult services were widely available though used less often by Cambridgeshire general practitioners than Croyden doctors. Apart from services for the elderly, specialist services were uncommon. Over a third of doctors reported that their adult services were based in a psychiatric hospital. Less than a quarter of general practitioners had access to primary care based nurses. The pattern of responses demonstrates the wide variety of ways in which general practitioners relate to community psychiatric nurses, even where the psychiatric nursing services are long-established. There remains a need for more consistent and coherent policies about the ways in which community psychiatric nurses are employed in primary care.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The detection of emotional disorders in the post natal period by health visitors.

One hundred mothers of six week old babies were screened for emotional disorders using the general health questionnaire (GHQ). The effect on health visitors' client management was assessed over a nine month follow-up period, using a controlled trial approach. The findings indicate that screening for symptoms of minor psychiatric disorder at six weeks post partum would assist health visitors to give extra support to those mothers who are most in need of it.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Identification of emotional problems in postpartum women by health visitors.

One hundred mothers of babies aged under 15 weeks who attended well baby clinics were rated for the presence of emotional disorders by health visitors. These assessments were compared with the mothers' scores on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), a screening instrument for identifying psychiatric cases in the general population. The results indicate that symptoms of minor psychiatric disorder are a problem for an appreciable number of postpartum women, although the health visitors showed a misclassification rate of roughly 40%. It is suggested that routine screening using the questionnaire at the time of the baby's six week check would both improve the detection rate and also enable the health visitors to give extra support to those mothers who were most in need of it.

Adult↗