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Biomedical subjects

M Breteau

Publications and source records attributed to M Breteau.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Oxidative polymorphism of dextromethorphan in a Burundi population.

The wide availability, metabolism by the same cytochrome P450 as debrisoquine and, above all, the inocuity of dextromethorphan (DMP) favour the frequent choice of this drug as the test substance in determining oxidation phenotypes. 100 healthy Burundian volunteers (94 m and 6 f) in this study ingested 50 mg DMP bromhydrate, i.e. 38.5 mg of DMP base. Urine was collected for 8 h following the dose and TLC was used to analyse it. The method was particularly useful in view of its low cost, speed and the ease of applying it to a large study group. 5% of the Burundian subjects were poor metabolizers.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of prenatal exposure to diazepam on exploration behavior and learning retention in mice.

Diazepam (2 mg/kg, DZP) or placebo were administered by oral gavage throughout gestation in 40 mice. The automatic hole board test for mice (Boissier and Simon) was used to measure the locomotor activity and the number of holes explored by the offspring (mean age 30.6 days). During the first test, this number represents curiosity. Its progressive decrease when the test is repeated (4 times at 1-day intervals) is a consequence of learning retention. In the first test, neither curiosity nor activity were linked with the mother's treatment or sex. During the next tests, there was no difference in locomotor activity between DZP and placebo groups. However, the DZP exposed pups explored fewer holes than controls. Although there was a tendency towards greater activity in the female group, the number of holes explored in the placebo group was significantly higher in females than in males. Paradoxically, this difference in learning memory function which exists between control males and females was not observed in the DZP group, corresponding to an impaired learning retention.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

[Accidental chloral hydrate poisoning].

A 42-year-old woman had an accidental overdose of chloral hydrate due to repeated absorption of a therapeutic dose of chloral syrup for insomnia. The total ingestion was estimated at 8 g. Overnight slight loss of consciousness associated with severe cardiac arrhythmia (bigeminia ventricular extra-systole) needed admission to the intensive care unit and intravenous lignocaine for two days. The evolution was satisfactory.

Accidents↗
PubMed1990

Accidental lidocaine overdosage in an infant.

A one month old child inadvertently received an intravenous bolus injection of 50 mg of lidocaine instead of contrast iodine. The clinical picture comprised collapse, respiratory arrest, convulsions and coma. The calculated maximum level of lidocaine was 5.39 mg/l. The recovery was complete. The toxicity of lidocaine is discussed.

Drug Overdose↗
PubMed1990

[Is the qualitative research of benzodiazepines by the EMIT method and diazocopulation in accidental poisoning in children relevant?].

A retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the relevance of benzodiazepine detection in 42 children with accidental poisoning. Immunoenzymatic assay for benzodiazepine in serum and colorimetric method in urines were positive respectively in 3 and 4 patients only. Several reasons could explain these results: the high detection threshold, the different drug reactivity according to the molecular structure and the great delay between intoxication and toxicology analysis. An advised physician should not prescribe a toxicological analysis after a small quantity of benzodiazepine ingestion.

Benzodiazepines↗
PubMed1989

Is monitoring plasma levels of netilmicin necessary in neonates?

Thirty-two neonates were treated with netilmicin 3 mg/kg every 12 h by IV infusion for 30 min for suspected infections, colonization, or proven infections. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed in order to define the situations in which monitoring of plasma levels would be appropriate. Mean plasma levels were within the therapeutic range and did not differ in fullterms and preterms. In the 4 children who had 2 successive pharmacokinetic studies, plasma levels were increased between H1 and H5 at the second evaluation due to netilmicin accumulation. Plasma half-life was longer in proven infections and seemed to decrease in preterms with increased gestational age. These results suggest that the dosage schedule should be left inchanged, but that administration time should be reduced from 30 to 20 min and that peak and trough plasma levels should be measured only in proven infections, in very premature babies (gestational age less than 33 wk), and during netilmicin treatment longer than 5 d.

Female↗
PubMed1989

[Prolonged mydriasis caused by Lamaline].

Atropine derivatives. The presence of atropine derivatives in numerous combined medicines is often ignored or reflected. A case report of prolonged bilateral non reactive mydriasis with "cycloplegia", linked with the utilisation of a therapeutic dose of Lameline suppositories raises the question of individual susceptibility, with particular ocular sensitivity. This urge one not to ignore the presence of these products and to respect the contraindications, even with minute doses.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1988

[Comparison of plasma levels of amoxicillin administered by oral and intravenous routes in neonatal bacterial colonization].

Twenty-one full-term neonates who had a diagnosis of bacterial colonization were randomly assigned to receive amoxicillin 40 mg.kg-1 every 12 hours by either IV or oral route. Plasma levels of amoxicillin were assayed by HPLC at 0.5 (H0.5), 2 (H2), 6 (H6), 9 (H9) hours after the amoxicillin dose for both administration routes and also at the end of the infusion for the IV route. Average levels of plasma amoxicillin with IV and oral routes were not different except at H0.5 where they were higher with the IV route. With oral route Cmax was measured at H2 (6 times) or H6 (4 times). At the end of the infusion, plasma levels were between 55 and 154 mg.l-1 (81 +/- 32 mg.l-1). They decreased quickly so half life of amoxicillin by IV route was between 1.79 and 8.9 hs (4.28 +/- 2.4 hs). They were always above MIC for germs encountered in neonates except at H9 twice with IV and once with oral route. Pharmacokinetic data of this study allow to use oral route for amoxicillin for bacterial colonization in neonates: this administration route could also be proposed in infections following IV route as soon as hemodynamic and gastrointestinal conditions permit. The efficacy of such an attitude could be evaluated by a clinical trial.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[A new molecule in antiparasitic therapy: alpha-difluoromethylornithine].

Alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is a specific irreversible inhibitor of ornithine-decarboxylase (ODC), key enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines, physiological compounds involved in cell multiplication. Pharmacokinetic studies of the drug revealed good oral absorption, low metabolisation and mainly urinary excretion. Short half-life (3 hrs to 3 hrs 30) implicates daily repeated administrations. DFMO is well tolerated, side effects being reversible on discontinuing drug therapy. They chiefly include diarrheas, hematological perturbations (thrombocytopenia) and hear losses (high dosages). Experimental studies show best results on trypanosomes: curative action in mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. DFMO is effective too against infection with sporozoïtes of Plasmodium berghei. Early clinical observations in African patients with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness show favorable results: efficacy in both stages of the disease, without significant toxicity. Further trials are required to define optimal therapeutic applications. By the way, DFMO already seems to be a promising alternative to conventional therapy of African trypanosomiasis, expecting other indications in the field of antiparasitic chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Hepatitis due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents].

The extended prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in medical practice involve numerous adverse effects. Among them, hepatic injuries, rather uncommon, are very diverse with regard to clinical type and evolution scheme, according to the derivatives used. Salicylates, when taken at high doses, increase serum transaminases, mostly without overt clinical symptoms. Phenylbutazone is obviously hepatotoxic: it induces cytolytic hepatitis, in some cases with fatal issue. Among the indole derivatives, indometacine was involved, especially in children; mixed hepatitis have been noted during sulindac therapy, mostly with favourable outcome. In the group of propionic acid derivatives, ibuprofen, pirprofen and naproxen have been implicated in hepatitis of various types; ibufenac and benoxaprofen were quickly retired after occasioning several deaths. Concerning others non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, some cases have been reported with piroxicam and diclofenac. Hepatotoxicity mechanisms are often unknown; they appear different according to each drug. Besides, the rheumatic disease under treatment and pharmacokinetic particularities (sulindac, diclofenac) might be important in this view. Monitoring of serum hepatic-enzyme concentrations seems recommended for patients receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory for long time therapy.

Adult↗