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Biomedical subjects

M Brand

Publications and source records attributed to M Brand.

104 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Antibiotic-associated colitis: clinical and epidemiological features.

Antibiotic-associated colitis is known to occur with temporal and geographic clustering. During 1979 a marked increase in the incidence of this disease was noted at our institutions. The clinical, epidemiological, and endoscopic features are reported. Typical features included the acute onset of watery diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, tenderness, and the presence of leukocytosis. Epidemiological data revealed a nosocomial pattern of this illness and a striking female predominance. Two-thirds of the patients had an underlying gynecological or urological disorder. Dysuria and sterile pyuria were unexpected findings. It is suggested that the organism responsible for this disease may be hospital acquired and associated with underlying genitourinary disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Impaired cimetidine absorption due to antacids and metoclopramide.

In 8 healthy subjects the absorption of cimetidine was investigated when given alone, together with 60 ml aluminium/magnesium hydroxide containing antacid (neutralising capacity 26 mmol HCl/10 ml), and together with liquid metoclopramide 14 mg. The antacid significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced the bioavailability (area under the plasma level-time curve) of cimetidine, on average by one third. Metoclopramide also reduced the bioavailability by an average of 22%. The reductions were associated with significantly reduced excretion of cimetidine in urine. There was no change in the half-life or renal clearance of cimetidine, supporting the hypothesis of reduced gastrointestinal absorption. The results indicate that cimetidine and antacids should not be given together, and that the dose of cimetidine may have to be increased if it is administered concomitantly with metoclopramide.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Studies on the incidence of intracranial haemorrhages and their relation to the delivery by using the cranial computer-tomography (CT) in full-term newborns].

The cranial computer-tomography is a new non-invasive method for the diagnosis of perinatal intracranial haemorrhage. Among 80 neonates, who were examined by CT after delivery at term between the 3rd and 5th day of life, there were 43 newborns without any neurological symptom. These were examined voluntarily with the permission of their parents. A significant correlation between the CT-finding of an intracranial haemorrhage and the neurological observations was found, whereas there was no relation to the mode of delivery. Parity, birth weight, Apgar-score, cord blood-pH did not correspond to the CT-findings. An extremely short duration of the second stage of labor in spontaneous delivery seems to increase the risk of perinatal intracranial haemorrhage.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1981

Hydrogen peroxide colitis: a report of three patients.

We have seen three patients with acute ulcerative colitis after hydrogen peroxide enemas. The colitis is probably the result of the explosive entrance of gas into the loose connective tissues of the mucosa and submucosa of the rectum and sigmoid. Fortunately, it is transitory in nature, but it should be distinguished from ulcerative, ischemic, or pseudomembranous colitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Postpartum CT examination of the heads of full term infants.

Intracranial hemorrhage and decreased density of the cerebral parenchyma were the major findings on CT of 150 full term newborns in the first week of life. Clinically silent hemorrhage was rare. All neonates with severe intracranial bleeding had neurological abnormalities. A correlation was not found between hemorrhage and the mode of delivery. The site of hemorrhage and the mode of delivery. The site of hemorrhage has an important bearing on brain development. Periventricular hypodensity is an ambiguous finding which should be interpreted in conjunction with the clinical findings.

Brain↗
PubMed1979

Intra-aortic balloon pumping in coronary artery disease.

Cardiogenic shock and severe left ventricular failure after acute myocardial infarction, refractory angina pectoris at rest either of new onset or superimposed on stable angina pectoris, or occurring in the post infarct (less than 2 weeks) period, and the suspicion of a slowly evolving infarction are the main indications for intra-aortic balloon pumping at the Thoraxcenter. 76 patients were treated with intra-aortic balloon pumping for cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular failure, 42/76 (55%) could be weaned, 9 (12%) died within 3 months, 33 (43%) survived over 3 months, to date 29 are alive. 42 patients with refractory angina at rest were treated with intra-aortic balloon pumping. Pain relief was prompt in 41 (98%), who subsequently underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Total myocardial infarction rate was 11% (5/42), total mortality rate was 7%. Perioperative myocardial infarction rate was 8% (4/42) and perioperative mortality was 7% (3/42). Pain relief was prompt in 14/17 patients (82%) with post infarct refractory angina. In 3 patients pain persisted despite intra-aortic balloon pumping, all sustained a myocardial infarction, 1 died, 2 other patients were excluded for surgery. 12 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, none died, none developed acute myocardial infarction, 3 have mild stable angina. In 8 patients a slowly evolving myocardial infarction was suspected. Pain relief was prompt in 7/8 (88%) after institution of intra-aortic balloon pumping. Intra-aortic balloon pumping improves prognosis in cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction, and abolishes refractory ischemic pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Changes in circulating transcobalamin II after injection of cyanocobalamin.

Since transcobalamin II is the plasma binder of vitamin B12(cobalamin) that mediates delivery of cobalamin to tissues, we measured circulating levels of transcobalamin II after intravenous injection unlabeled cyanocobalamin in 12 control subjects and, because the liver is a major source of transcobalamin II, in eight patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Thirty minutes after injection of cyanocobalamin (200 ng per kilogram of body weight), total transcobalamin II (unsaturated plus cobalamin bound) declined in all 20 subjects to levels that averaged (+/- S.E.) 53.5 +/- 4.6 per cent of initial values. Subsequently, unsaturated transcobalamin II rapidly increased so that by eight hours, total transcobalamin II approached preinjection levels. Rates of regeneration of transcobalamin II were similar in control subjects and patients with liver disease. Unlike total transcobalamin II, total transcobalamin I was unaltered by injection of cyanocobalamin. Moreover, addition of cyanocobalamin to plasma in vitro did not alter measurements of total transcobalamin II. The rapid response of circulating transcobalamin II to cyanocobalamin injection strongly supports a dynamic role for this polypeptide during transport of a relatively large load of cobalamin.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Echocardiographic diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle.

The echocardiographic features of postinfarction pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle are described for the first time. Because ultrasound allows the detection of soft-tissue structures in a manner not possible with other diagnostic techniques, the left ventricular wall can be visualized separating the left ventricular cavity from the saccular aneurysm which is delineated by pericardium and/or extracardiac tissue. In addition to these anatomic findings, relevant qualitative hemodynamic data can also be obtained. Echocardiography seems to be a safe and specific method for the diagnosis of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. It is suggested that echocardiography should be used in the incipeint phase of pseudoaneurysm formation to detect subacute cardiac rupture.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation with antithrombin III concentrate in children with verified infection].

Consumption coagulopathy in childhood is still a serious problem. Besides treatment of the underlying diseases therapy of consumption coagulopathy was performed with heparin and nowadays with substitution of coagulation factors, especially antithrombin III concentrate, alone or in combination with heparin. We performed administration of AT III concentrates only, without additional heparin treatment in children with proven septicaemia (preterm infants n = 21, children beyond the newborn period n = 18). Antithrombin III, platelet count, fibrinogen, PT, aPTT and TT were assayed. These coagulation parameters turned to be normal 48 hours after normalisation of the antithrombin III plasma level-AT III increased to normal values within 24 hours after the initial substitution in all children. Lethal outcome was not observed after sole administration of AT III as well as no other side effects have been seen. In summary, these data indicate that consumption coagulopathy in childhood can be managed successfully with early substitution of AT III concentrate.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dyke Postmortem CT and Award. autopsy in perinatal intracranial hemorrhage.

To improve interpretation of intracranial computed tomographic findings in vivo, postmortem computed tomography was correlated directly with autopsy findings in 105 specimens of human stillborn and live-birth infants, ranging in age from gestational week 13 to postnatal month 18. This study identifies the typical computed tomographic appearance of intradural and other hemorrhages, attempts to correlate the type of hemorrhage with brain maturity, and documents that postmortem computed tomography is useful to the neuropathologist as a supplementary method complementing the traditional postmortem examination.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of tamoxifen and fenretinimide on human colorectal cancer cell lines in vitro.

BACKGROUND: The natural history of colorectal neoplasia may be influenced by steroid hormones and nutritional compounds. We evaluated the effect of the anti-estrogenic tamoxifen (Tx), and the synthetic retinoid fenretinimide (4-HPR) on the growth of human colorectal cancer cells. METHODS: DLD-1, CACO-2, SW-620, and COLO-205 colon cancer cells, and SW-1463 and SW-837 rectal cancer cells were cultured under serum-free conditions. Quadruplicates wells (4 x 10(4) cells/well) were created for each treated, and untreated groups in each cell line. Cells were treated with 1 microM Tx, 5 microM Tx, 1 microM 4-HPR, 1 microM Tx with 1 microM 4-HPR, and 5 microM Tx with microM 4-HPR. Cell growth was measured colorimetrically with the hexosaminidase assay (405 nm), and was compared among the different groups. Cells were analyzed for estrogen receptors using an enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Tamoxifen, 4-HPR, or both, inhibited the growth in DLD-1 (P = .001), COLO-205 (P = .02), SW-620 (P = .001), and CACO-2 (P = .02) cell lines. Tamoxifen with 4-HPR inhibited cell growth more (P = .03) than did either Tx or 4-HPR in DLD-1, COLO-205, and SW620 cancer cells. Tamoxifen, 4-HPR, or both, had no effect on the growth of SW-837 (P = .14) cancer cells. Tamoxifen with 4-HPR promoted (P = .02) growth in SW-1463 cells, but not when added separately. Estrogen receptors were not found in any of the cells. CONCLUSIONS: Under serum-free conditions, Tx, 4-HPR, or both, inhibit the growth of human colon cancer cells but not of rectal cancer cells. Combined treatment with Tx and 4-HPR is more effective than treatment with either of the agents alone in inhibiting of cell growth. The mechanism of inhibition is not clear yet, and further studies are warranted.

Adenocarcinoma↗