Biomedical subjects

M Boysen

Publications and source records attributed to M Boysen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Low detection rate of HPV in oral and laryngeal carcinomas.

The presence of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in 38 oral and 16 laryngeal lesions (verrucous hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ and carcinomas) was investigated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. All biopsies were fresh frozen and a set of consensus and type-specific primers was used for PCR detection and HPV typing. In oral biopsies a low proportion of HPV-positive cases was found, despite the sensitive techniques. Only one case out of 38, a carcinoma in situ was positive (2.6%). It is thought that this finding reflects a minimal presence of HPV in the oral lesions, but a transient role of virus in the induction of carcinomas cannot be ruled out. Differences in relation to other studies may be geographical and/or methodological. In laryngeal carcinomas (and dysplasias), 3 out of 16 cases were HPV positive. This frequency (19%) concurs with most other studies.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Recurrence after different primary treatment for cancer of the supraglottic larynx.

Retrospective analysis of patient records at two hospitals was performed with the principal goal of clarifying the role of primary radiotherapy ill patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx. Primary surgery was frequently performed during the first period from 1958 to 1978. Primary radiotherapy with surgery in reserve was the prevailing therapy during the second period from 1978 to 1993. Fewer recurrences were observed during the second period. The improved results were apparent mainly in patients with the more advanced stages (III, T4N0 and T4N1). Analysis of many factors suggest that the more frequent choice of primary radiotherapy with surgery in reserve, or applied as preoperative treatment, with optimal dosage and technique, might have contributed to the improved results.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed1997

[Laser surgery of laryngeal cancer (T1 glottis). New therapeutic alternative].

The standard treatment for patients with T1a vocal cord cancer has been radiotherapy. From October 1995 selected patients have undergone laser surgery and up until March 1997 we had treated 16 patients. The results so far have been satisfactory with only one recurrence. Some of the patients have experienced a slight to moderate degree of hoarseness postoperatively. Laser treatment is more cost-effective than radiotherapy and in larger series the incidence of residual disease and recurrence seems to be equal to or even better than when following radiotherapy. The procedure demands considerable skill with laser surgery of the larynx and should be limited to 1-2 surgeons at two hospitals in this country where the annual incidence of T1a glottic cancers is approximately 30.

Carcinoma↗

PubMed1997

Diagnostic and prognostic value of nucleolar organizer regions in normal epithelium, dysplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.

BACKGROUND: Nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) are associated with proliferative activity and represent a diagnostic aid and prognostic marker in several neoplastic entities. METHODS: Sections from 51 T1-2 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 20 cases of dysplasia, and 8 specimens with normal epithelium were evaluated by 2 AgNOR counting methods: 1) the mean number of AgNORs per nucleus (mAgNOR) and 2) the percentages of nuclei with > 1, > 2, > 3, and > 4 AgNORs (pAgNOR > 1, pAgNOR > 2, pAgNOR > 3, and pAgNOR > 4, respectively). RESULTS: Both mAgNOR and pAgNOR counts enabled significant discrimination between normal epithelium and dysplasia (P < 0.0003) and between dysplasia and SCC (P < 0.0001). For SCC, no correlation was found between AgNOR counts and clinical classification. Univariate analysis using the log rank test showed that the overall means for mAgNOR and pAgNORs correlated with the disease free period and survival time (P < 0.0040). Patient age, gender, type of treatment, and T and N classification failed to predict the outcome. Multivariate analysis showed that pAgNOR > 1 (cutoff level of 88%) was the best discriminator regarding the disease free period and survival time (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0076, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: AgNOR enumeration, in particular pAgNOR > 1, appears to be a useful tool in distinguishing between normal epithelium, dysplasia, and SCC of the oral cavity. In this study, AgNOR counts were strong prognostic markers for patients with SCC.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Detection of Penicillium species in complex food samples using the polymerase chain reaction.

Rapid identification of filamentous fungi is becoming increasingly important in food mycology both for monitoring the production process and for the identification of food spoilers. This paper describes the development and trial of two specific PCR primer sets. A 336 bp fragment from species belonging to Penicillium subgenus Penicillium was amplified by the primers ITS 212d and ITS 549. The other primer set, ITS 183 and ITS 401 specifically identified two species, Penicillium roqueforti and P. carneum, both known as spoilers in the bread industry, by amplification of a 300 bp fragment. The future perspectives of PCR based identification of filamentous fungi in food are discussed.

Bread↗

PubMed1997

Prognostic significance of nucleolar organizer regions in adenoid cystic carcinomas of the head and neck.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic use of nucleolar organizing region (AgNOR) counts and clinical and histopathological features in adenoid cystic carcinoma. DESIGN: Argyrophilic staining was applied to ordinary formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens and evaluated to obtain the mean number of AgNORs and the percentage of nuclei with more than 1 (pAgNOR > 1), more than 2, more than 3, and more than 4 AgNORs. RESULTS: Using the log rank test, the mean AgNOR count showed no correlation with the disease-free period. All pAgNOR parameters exceeding the respective overall mean had poorer prognosis when compared with those below the mean (P = .02). The pAgNOR > 1 appeared as the best discriminator, singling out all treatment failures (P < or = .001). This parameter also showed a high degree of intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility. Stage of the disease, violated resection margins, and presence of the histopathological solid subtype were markers of an unfavorable prognosis. Multivariate analysis by the Cox model showed that pAgNOR > 1 (P < or = .001) and tumor stage (P = .03) were the only statistically significant parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Estimation of pAgNOR > 1 is easy, quick, and highly reproducible. It may become a useful prognostic parameter in adenoid cystic carcinoma, but larger studies should be performed to confirm the reliability of this method.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗

PubMed1997

Nucleolar organizer regions and prognosis in glottic squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The quantity of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) appear to be prognostic significant in several tumor types. METHODS: Sections from 93 routinely processed pretreatment biopsies from patients with glottic carcinomas were stained by silver nitrate and evaluated by two counting methods: (1) the mean number of AgNOR per tumor nucleus (mAgNOR), and (2) the number of tumor nuclei with one, two, three, four, and more than four AgNOR grains. From these figures the percentage of nuclei with one, two or less, three or less, and four or less AgNORs (pAgNOR1, aAgNOR < or = 2 etc) were calculated. RESULTS: The median mAgNOR was 4.3, and low counts correlated favorably with the disease-free period (p = 0.0433). The median percentages for pAgNORs were 14, 26, 38, and 51 for pAgNor1, PAgNOR < or = 2, pAgNor < or = 3 and pAgNOR, < or = 4 respectively. Values above the medians correlated positively with the disease-free period (p-values ranging from 0.0005 to 0.0001). Although pAgNOR < or = 3 appeared to be the best discriminator by multivariate analysis, pAgNOR1 is the method of choice because this parameter is the easiest and quickest to perform. CONCLUSION: pAgNOR counts appear to be a potent prognostic marker and may become useful in treatment decisions.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Cerebral haemodynamics in internal carotid artery trial occlusion.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the cerebral haemodynamic changes brought about by trial occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Sixteen patients with surgically inaccessible cerebral aneurysms, carotid cavernous fistulas or neck neoplasms were monitored with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) during 90-120 s angiographic ICA balloon occlusion or ICA closure with a Selverstone clamp. The blood velocity (V) was registered continuously in both middle cerebral arteries (MCA) while the pulsatility index (PIMCA) and haemodynamic tension (Uhem MCA) were calculated. ICA closure led to an instantaneous drop in the ipsilateral VMCA, PIMCA and Uhem MCA. The VMCA thereafter increased gradually until reaching a stable level. The subjects were grouped into those with initial drops in VMCA to > or = 60% of pre-occlusion value (group 1) and those that fell to < 60% (group 2), respectively. In group 1 autoregulatory mechanisms made the PIMCA decline further, while the Uhem MCA remained unaltered during ICA closure. In group 2, however, the PIMCA did not change further, while the Uhem MCA increased slightly. The cerebral haemodynamic features during ICA test occlusion were thus essentially different in the two groups. On re-opening the ICA, there was an overshoot in VMCA and Uhem MCA. Contralaterally, the VMCA was increased during ICA occlusion. Seven of the patients later had their ICA closed permanently. While none of five group 1 patients developed haemodynamic complications, two group 2 individuals experienced haemodynamic stroke. Assuming ICA sacrifice is feasible when test occlusion results in an ipsilateral initial reduction in VMCA to > or = 60% of pre-occlusion value, the corresponding limit for the Uhem MCA is > or = 40%. In the pre-operative evaluation of the haemodynamic risk related to ICA loss, TCD emerges as a reliable method. It also seems to allow for the reduction of test occlusion time to 90-120 s.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Ki-67 as a prognostic marker in adenoid cystic carcinoma assessed with the monoclonal antibody MIB1 in paraffin sections.

The monoclonal antibody MIB1 recognizing the Ki-67 antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was used to study the proliferative activity in 44 adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary glands. The antigen expression was compared with clinical factors, histopathological grading, and prognosis. The Ki-67 value was significantly higher in tumors from patients suffering from treatment failure than in nonfailures (P<0.001). The Ki-67 expression was also higher in tumors exhibiting areas more than 30% of the solid growth pattern and higher in sinonasal tumors than in other locations. By Cox regression analysis, Ki-67 more than 4% was the strongest prognostic indicator (P<0.005). Clinical stage and violation of surgical margins were also found to be independent significant prognostic indicators. We conclude that Ki-67 expression estimated by the use of MIB1 is a powerful tool for predicting the short-term prognosis for patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Diagnostic implications of p53 protein reactivity in nasal mucosa of nickel workers.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the quantitation of p53 protein reactivity in nasal biopsies could be related to nickel exposure by comparing nickel workers with various control groups. STUDY DESIGN: Nasal biopsies taken from nickel workers (n = 93) were compared immunohistochemically to various controls, including office staff members (n = 34) and hospital attendants (n = 6). The material was studied immunohistochemically with p53 antibody DO-1. p53 Protein-positive cells were counted at 400x magnification. RESULTS: p53 Protein reactivity was found in 54% (49/93) of nickel workers, 50% (17/34) of office staff members, 67% (4/6) of hospital attendants. No differences were seen between roasting/smelting, electrolysis and other workers in the refinery. The positive cells were present predominantly in the basal layer of the epithelium. The number of positive nasal cells per field in the hospital attendants on the average was half of that in the workers and the office staff in the refinery. In no case in the control group were more than 10 cells per field seen. No significant differences in p53 protein positivity were observed between the three nickel worker groups and between production workers and office staff members. CONCLUSION: Accumulation of p53 protein in nickel workers seems not to be attributable to nickel exposure. The lack of p53 protein positivity in fetal tissues shows that the accumulation of p53 protein is an event taking place after birth. Stimuli in the natural environment during life may explain p53 protein positivity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

[Dietary information after radiotherapy of head and neck cancer].

After completed radiotherapy, 24 in-patients and 25 out-patients enrolled at the Department of Otolaryngology, National Hospital, were randomised to either tailored dietary information and instruction by a clinical nutritionist or regular dietary information from a nurse. At the six weeks follow-up examination the incidence of malnutrition, as evaluated by anthropometry and routine blood analyses, was lower among the patients who had been given intensive information than those who had received regular information (p < 0.05). Out-patients lost more weight than in-patients did (p < 0.05). The in-patients randomised to intensive dietary information were the only ones who did not lose weight. This study indicates a beneficial effect of intensive dietary advice in order to improve nutritional status after radiation treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Free vascular grafts in reconstructions in the head and neck region].

Since 1989, 40 free-tissue grafts were used in 39 patients to repair defects following major head and neck ablative surgery (n = 32) and for reconstruction of the mandible because of osteoradionecrosis or trauma (n = 7). The radial forearm flap was used in 17 patients (five including a segment of radius), the lateral arm flap in seven, fibula in five and a segment of ileum for restoration of the hypopharynx in 11 cases. Three radial forearm flaps and the bone in one lateral arm flap failed. Better functional and cosmetic results seem to be obtained with free flaps than with other reconstructive techniques.

Craniocerebral Trauma↗

PubMed1996

Identification at strain level of Rhizoctonia solani AG4 isolates by direct sequence of asymmetric PCR products of the ITS regions.

The relatedness of nine isolates of Rhizoctonia solani, belonging to anastomosis group (AG) 4, and one isolate of AG1 was determined by comparative sequence analysis based on direct sequencing of PCR-amplified ribosomal DNA [the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the 5.8 s ribosomal DNA]. The 5.8 s rDNA is completely conserved, but both ITS regions show variation among strains. AG1 was an outgroup based on anastomosis ability and RFLP analyses. Phylogenetic analyses based on the ITS sequences suggest that the analyzed AG4 strains can be divided into three groups that correlate with habitat and virulence.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1996

Low vascular density indicates poor response to radiotherapy in small glottic carcinomas.

Reportedly, the high density of vessels adjacent to various tumours is associated with increased tendency to metastasis and poor prognosis. In contrast, for other cancers a high vessel density is correlated with a good response to radiation therapy, and thus a good prognosis. In this study we measured the vessel density in 53 small glottic SCC (T1N0 and T2N0), treated with radiation (66-70 Gy). The blood vessels were visualised by an immunohistochemical staining method (ABC), using a primary antibody BE2 which reacts with blood group H antigen on endothelial cells. The intra- and interobserver reproducibility of the vessel counting was good (kappa = 0.78). We found a significant correlation between low vascular density and increased risk of recurrent disease (p = 0.0158). cox multivariate analysis showed that both vascular density and T-status were significant prognostic factors, p = 0.0036 and p = 0.0152 respectively.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Maxillectomy and targeted radionuclide therapy with 153Sm-EDTMP in a recurrent canine osteosarcoma.

An eight-year-old dog with a local relapse of an osteosarcoma was treated with partial maxillectomy and systemic radionuclide therapy that involved two injections, 43 and 45 megabecquerels per kg bodyweight of the bone-seeking agent samarium-153-ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid (153Sm-EDTMP), 15 weeks apart. A transient drop in white blood cell count and platelet count was observed following each 153Sm-EDTMP treatment. Follow-up 21 months after surgery revealed no evidence of local recurrence or metastases. The dog was in excellent condition, suffering only minor sequelae from the surgical procedure. Compared with historical controls treated with surgery alone, the combination of surgery and systemic radionuclide therapy seems a promising strategy for the treatment of canine osteosarcoma.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Detection of human papillomavirus in routinely processed biopsy specimens from laryngeal papillomas: evaluation of reproducibility of polymerase chain reaction and DNA in situ hybridization procedures.

The frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV) in laryngeal papillomas varies largely among different studies. DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) has been the most widely used method for detection of HPV. The aim of this study was to compare the reproducibility and sensitivity of ISH with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 35 specimens of laryngeal papillomas routinely fixed in buffered or unbuffered formalin. Out of 12 specimens fixed in buffered formalin, 10 were positive for HPV 6/11 using ISH. The procedure was repeated three times and three specimens were positive only twice. Nine biopsies were positive for HPV using PCR with consensus primers (My 09/11) on dewaxed tissue without extracting DNA. In three repeated PCRs, the results were inconsistent in three samples. After DNA extraction, all 12 samples were positive with PCR. Of the 23 specimens fixed in unbuffered formalin, 14 were HPV-positive with ISH, while only one was positive with PCR. We concluded that PCR with My 09/11 consensus primers is a highly sensitive method for detection of HPV in laryngeal papillomas fixed in buffered formalin, but useless for samples fixed in unbuffered formalin. When DNA was extracted from the former type of fixed tissue, the results were highly reproducible. In contrast to PCR, ISH appeared to be less influenced by fixation procedure, but it was not as reproducible and sensitive as PCR. Negative results did not necessarily mean absence of HPV.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1996

Extremity and non-extremity high-grade osteosarcoma -- the Norwegian Radium Hospital experience during the modern chemotherapy era.

Of 103 patients with high-grade osteosarcoma, 27% had tumours localized outside the extremities. Non-extremity patients were significantly older at diagnosis than patients with extremity tumours (median 38 vs. 17 years). More than 90% of patients with extremity tumours received adequate treatment (aggressive chemotherapy plus at least marginal surgery), compared with only 25% of patients with non-extremity tumours. Failure of adequate treatment was due to inoperable tumour, intralesional surgery and age preventing aggressive chemotherapy. There was a highly significant difference in both local tumour control and overall survival, both favouring patients with extremity tumours. Within the extremity tumour group, patients who were treated in prospective multicentre trials had a significantly better outcome than non-trial patients. Our results show that the fraction of patients with high-grade tumours that fall outside trials designed for 'classical osteosarcoma' may be larger than is usually acknowledged, and that the results reported for the classical group are by no means representative of the whole patient population. Improved and new treatment approaches are needed for patients with non-extremity tumours, particularly in the older age groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Histological grading in the deep invasive front of T1 and T2 glottic squamous cell carcinomas has high prognostic value.

The characteristics of the deep invasive front area of squamous cell carcinomas may reflect tumour prognosis better than other parts of the tumour. Consequently, the authors have recently developed a simple malignancy grading system based solely on the characteristics of the deep invasive front area of oral squamous cell carcinomas, which has great prognostic value. Our previous materials were somewhat heterogeneous, and the prognostic value of our system needed to be confirmed in homogeneous patient material. In the present study of 95 T1-2/N0 glottic carcinomas all treated by radiation, the high prognostic value for invasive front grading of biopsy specimens is confirmed. The grading significantly predicted local recurrence, i.e. treatment failure (P = 0.001). Histological characteristics of the deep invasive front proved to be a better indicator of prognosis than the T-category (size of tumour), and our findings may be of value in the selection of treatment. Of the individual variables in the grading system (pattern of invasion, degree of keratinization, nuclear polymorphism and host response), pattern of invasion and degree of keratinization were the strongest prognosticators in the multivariate analyses. Invasive front characteristics may also prove to be of prognostic value in other cancers.

Adult↗