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Biomedical subjects

M Bouvier

Publications and source records attributed to M Bouvier.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Free and conjugated catecholamines in plasma and red blood cells of normotensive and hypertensive patients.

Plasma free and conjugated norepinephrine levels were found to be significantly increased in patients with labile and sustained hypertension whereas epinephrine levels were normal in these patients. While free NE and E levels increased significantly during postural change, conjugated NE and E levels were not altered by this stimulus suggesting that conjugated NE levels could be an index of chronic rather than acute changes in the sympathetic tone. In hypertensive patients, plasma free dopamine levels increased during postural change and conjugated DA levels tended to be higher suggesting a dysfunction in the dopamine metabolism. Red blood cells were also found to contain free and conjugated CA. While conjugated CA levels in red blood cells (RBC) were equal or lower than in the plasma, free CA were found in larger concentrations than in the plasma. In hypertensive patients conjugated CA levels in RBC were similar to those found in normotensive subjects but free NE and E levels were significantly higher in hypertensive patients. These studies demonstrate various abnormalities in the metabolism of CA in hypertensive patients. Each of these could contribute to the maintenance of hypertension by an alteration of the biological expression of the sympathetic tone at the cellular level of these patients.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed1984

[Cytofluorometric study of the cell cycle and various lymphocyte differentiation membrane antigens in the synovial fluid in rheumatoid polyarthritis].

Synovial fluid lymphocytes were studied by cytofluorometry in 11 patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis. This method allowed the study of the cellular cycle after acridine orange staining and of membrane antigens, expressed by normal and/or activated lymphocytes, which were demonstrated by using various monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, OKIa1, OKT10). The OKT4/OKT8 ratio was decreased in 4 out of 5 cases and the percentage of HLA DR + cells was clearly increased. In 6 out of the 11 patients, the percentage of dividing cells varied from 2.2 to 7.2 and was less than 1 in the others as in normal blood lymphocytes. Increase in cellular RNA content characterized the non dividing cells. The most elevated values of the cellular RNA content were observed in patients who had the smallest percentage of dividing cells, suggesting that the cellular cycle was stopped between the G1 and S phases. Study of the cellular cycle may reveal a lymphocyte activation parameter which could be unrelated to the expression of differentiation membrane antigens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Biological diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus].

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a polymorphic disease of unknown origin, characterized by many stigmata of autoimmunization which allow a biological diagnosis. Besides non-specific inflammatory disorders, considerable alterations of humoral and cellular immunity are found. The hallmark of the disease is the presence of anti-double-stranded-desoxyribonucleic acid (anti-ds DNA) antibodies, detected by the Farr radioimmunologic method or the crithidia luciliae immunofluorescence technique, both of which are nearly specific for SLE. The clinical significance of other types of anti-nuclear antibodies is unclear. Serial evaluations of antinuclear antibodies, complement fractions, circulating immune complexes, and, above all, immune complexes bound to target organs (kidneys, skin, synovial membranes) are needed to follow the course of the disease. The demonstration of abnormal suppressor T-cell activity has led to current pathogenic hypotheses and ongoing therapeutic trials with immunoregulating drugs.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1983

[Articular manifestations in leprosy].

Articular manifestations occur in approximately 1% of cases of leprosy, sometimes at onset. They consist in a highly inflammatory polyarthritis, fairly similar to that seen in rheumatoid polyarthritis. They often herald a reactive leprous exacerbation and are dependent upon immunologic disturbances in brittle leprosy (mainly lepromatous). Joint pain should be differentiated from neurologic pain resulting from peripheral neuropathy which is often concomitant. Leprosy should be considered among the causes of polyarthritis, especially in immigrants, but also in residents who have travelled to areas where leprosy is endemic.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Selective activation of the adrenal medulla during acute bilateral carotid occlusion and its modulation by alpha-adrenergic receptors in the rat.

The sympathoadrenal activity was studied during baroreflex stimulation in chloralose anesthetized rats. Circulating norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) levels were used as indices of sympathetic fiber and adrenal medulla activities, respectively, under basal conditions and during a 1-min bilateral carotid occlusion (CO). In vagotomized rats, the CO induced a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) associated with an increase in circulating E levels, while this procedure did not alter blood pressure or circulating NE or E levels in intact animals. Following vagotomy, the baroreflex stimulation activated specifically the adrenal medulla, without alteration of the sympathetic fiber activity since the NE levels were not modified by the occlusion. Moreover, in support of that hypothesis, chemical sympathectomy did not decrease the pressure response to CO while bilateral adrenalectomy almost completely abolished this response. The elevation of circulating E induced by the CO was greatly potentiated by pretreatment with Yohimbine, a selective alpha 2-antagonist, and was completely abolished by administration of Clonidine, an alpha 2-agonist, while phenoxybenzamine, which is mainly an alpha 1-antagonist, did not potentiate significantly the E response to CO. These results therefore suggest that the baroreflex activation of the adrenal medulla induced by CO may be modulated in vivo via alpha 2-adrenergic receptors that could be localized on chromaffin cells.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1983

[Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with isoprinosine. Personal experience].

Twenty patients with classical or proved rheumatoid arthritis were treated with Isoprinosine. 13 patients received a dose of 25 mg/kg/day and 7 received a dose of 50 mg/kg/day, continuously for 2 months and then discontinuously, 5 days every fortnight. The series being treated with 25 mg/kg/day (7 patients) have received treatment for 12 months. No side effects have been observed; the only reason for ceasing treatment was its ineffectiveness (after at least 3 months of administration). The dosage of the associated anti-inflammatory drugs did not need to be increased, but neither was it decreased. The authors conclude that Isoprinosine is largely ineffective clinically, on laboratory tests and in terms of immunology, at least with the therapeutic protocols tested here.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Erbium 169 synoviortheses and infiltrations of triamcinolone hexacetonide in metatarsophalangeal arthritis of chronic inflammatory rheumatism].

The authors report their experience in the treatment of metatarsophalangeal arthritis of chronic inflammatory rheumatism by Erbium 169 synoviortheses (112 joints treated) and by infiltrations of triamcinolone hexacetonide (53 joints treated). The steroid appears to have a marked early superiority as it gives 85% good results compared to 61.6% for Erbium 169 after a period of one to three months. However, its results then deteriorate more rapidly and after 6 months, the proportion of good results is greater with the radioactive treatment (64% compared to 46.7%). The authors consider it reasonable to use triamcinolone hexacetonide as the first line treatment as it is easier to manage and less expensive, reserving the radioactive synoviortheses for later with the prospect of more lasting results.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Distal bone metastases of the upper limb].

This work is based on a review of 120 peripheral bone metastases of the upper limbs found in the literature and 10 others selected from a personal series of 469 cases of bone metastases. The authors stress the scarcity of these lesions (2%), metastases arising in bones of the forearm are usually part of a widespread osseous involvement, generally of mammary or prostatic origin. Metastases to the bones of the hand are more peculiar: 1) Those from bronchogenic carcinoma account for 50%. 2) Resultant soft tissue necrosis creates swelling, redness, heat and pain, which can mimic acute osteomyelitis. 3) X-rays reveal isolated osteolysis affecting metacarpals, phalanges, or more rarely carpal bones. Distal location of those metastases does not modify therapeutic management amputation is the best effective palliative treatment and must be discussed every time there is a concomitant skin ulceration, or if bone metastasis is unique or if the primary tumor is cured or accessible to treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Mast cells in bone pathology].

The authors have endeavoured to determine the place occupied by mast cells in bone tissue from the mode of action on the bone of their secretion products (metachromatic granules, heparin, prostaglandins), from their proliferation in reaction to some bone diseases (secondary mastocytosis) and from the bone lesions associated with systemic mastocytosis. Metachromatic granules are capable of chelating calcium, and heparin and prostaglandins stimulate bone resorption. However, the role of mast cells in bone remodeling through these mechanisms has not yet been demonstrated. Similarly, the significance of mastocytosis secondary to osteomalacia, renal osteodystrophy and ordinary osteoporosis remains hypothetical. Primary bone mastocytosis produces diffuse or circumscribed osteogenic, osteolytic or mixed lesions. While the pathogenesis of osteolytic forms can readily be explained by the actions of heparin and prostaglandins, that of the osteogenic forms is still mysterious. Finally, the histological profile, and even the nosological profile, of mast cell osteoporosis, a diffuse condition recently individualized, remain undetermined.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1982

Effects of enkephalins and morphine on spontaneous electrical activity and on junction potentials elicited by parasympathetic nerve stimulation in cat and rabbit colon.

1 The effects of Leu-enkephalin, Met-enkephalin and morphine on excitatory junction potentials (e.j.ps) and inhibitory junction potentials (i.j.ps) elicited by stimulation of efferent parasympathetic nerves were studied in cats and rabbits, anaesthetized and in vitro.2 Enkephalins (0.008 mg/kg in vivo and 10(-6)M in vitro) enhanced e.j.p. amplitude in rabbit proximal colon and decreased it in rabbit distal colon and in cat colon. Enkephalins decreased i.j.p. amplitude in all the three models.3 Morphine (0.2 mg/kg in vivo and 10(-6)M in vitro) had the same effects as enkephalins on e.j.ps. In contrast, morphine decreased i.j.p. amplitude in rabbit proximal and distal colon and increased it in cat colon.4 Enkephalins and morphine induced (especially in the cat) spike activity which was potentiated by atropine (0.1 mg/kg in vivo or 10(-6)M in vitro).5 All the effects of enkephalins and morphine were antagonized by naloxone (0.2 mg/kg in vivo or 10(-6)M in vitro).6 These results suggest that the facilitatory effects of enkephalins and morphine on e.j.ps of rabbit proximal colon are due to the absence of opiate receptors on the excitatory nerve pathway and to a removal of inhibition by blockade of the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory pathway. Enkephalinergic intramural neurones may modulate the activation of either excitatory or inhibitory pathways in intramural reflexes.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1982

The effect of dietary consistency on morphology of the mandibular condylar cartilage in young macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Two groups of young male macaques were fed diets which differed in physical consistency. The first group was fed a soft diet and the second group was fed a hard diet. The effect of this difference in dietary consistency on the thickness and morphology of the mandibular condylar cartilage in the superior and posterosuperior regions of the two groups was examined. Slight morphologic changes were observed in the superior region of the condylar cartilage and in the subchondral bone of the soft diet macaques. However, the thickness of the cartilage in the superior region was similar in the two groups. Significant morphologic changes were observed in the posterosuperior region in all three layers of the condylar cartilage and in the subchondral bone of the soft diet macaques. The cartilage in the posterosuperior region of the soft diet group was significantly thinner, and the subchondral bone less dense, than in the hard diet group. The results of this study showed that dietary consistency significantly affects the morphology of mandibular condylar cartilage in young macaques. It is recommended that dietary consistency be eliminated as an additional variable in future studies of mandibular and condylar responses to experimental manipulations.

Animals↗