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Biomedical subjects

M Bourgeois

Publications and source records attributed to M Bourgeois.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[The hyperkinetic child. Psychopathological aspects (author's transl)].

The hyperkinetic syndrome, such as it is abundantly described in the literature of American authors, is clearly defined by the association in a young child, essentially at the beginning of schooling, of hyper-activity, psycho-motor instability, affective and learning disorders, emotional lability, immaturity, etc. It would appear that psycho-stimulants (in particular amphetamines) bring about a spectacular improvement in these children, representing a therapeutic test that confirms the diagnosis. In America, insistence is placed on the physiopathogeny of the disorders, and on the minimal cerebral dysfunction. This pathology, which, it would appear, does not seem to have been recognised in France, where the psychomotor instability is only one among many symptoms. We report here a synthetic clinical study of hyperkinetic children observed over a period of several years. They are particular in that they were seen at an early age (between 18 months and 4 years old). The psychopathological study of the early stages (which is usually missing in the literature) makes it possible to objectify a preliminary phase dominated by negative signs, of the "silent series": depressive and regressive tendencies, later hidden by agitation. We underline the importance of the early distorsion of the mother-child link, which appears to be a determining factor in the appearance of the hyperkinetic syndrome. These date (which tend to contradict many studies) lead one to reject the chemotherapy solution, and in particular psychostimulants for the greater majority of cases, and rather to intervene at an early stage, and ideally speaking preventively, to instigate above all a psychotherapy of the child and often of the mother (co-therapy), to restore a good level of communication, and the mother-child link. This in-depth approach should make it possible to avoid a purely symptomatic treatment, with its uncertain effects, and its often undersirable evolution.

Child↗
PubMed1976

[Fa'a'mu and Fanau. Various traditional aspects and current problems of adoption and donation of children in French Polynesia].

The old polynesian custom of giving a child persits. One child in three or four is asked for and adopted (Fa'a'amu). It was not officially recognized, which had no disadvantage as it was between Maoris and inside enlarged polynesian families. But quick acculturation and urbanization, social and economical changes of the past ten years have changed all that. The contradiction between french law and tahitian traditional customs exposes these fa'a'amu children, with no legal statute and without judicial protection, to many drawbacks. First in their tahitian families because they get no family allowances. On the other hand some Europeans wishing to adopt children take often advantages, though it is illegal, of the generosity of the prolific tahitian women (no contraception in Tahiti) who seldom refuse giving children to a European, without understanding clearly that complete adoption (european model) cuts every tie with the biological family (Fanau). The illegal appropriation of these children sometimes leave them deprived of statute and legal protection in Europe (or America, or even Japan?). We have here an exemple of what happens when two cultures meet, whose customs and values are totally different.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1976

[Late dyskinesia caused by neuroleptics. Survey on 1,660 psychiatric hospital patients].

Among 1 660 patients of 2 psychiatric hospitals (980 + 680), most of them chronically treated by neuroleptics, we found 120 tardive dyskinesia (7,2%). 64% were more of 50 years old. 85 of 923 women (9,1%), 36 of 737 men (4,8%), but most of the men are younger. In 67 cases oral dyskinesia is isolated, in 53 cases it is associated with choreic syndrom. 13 patients are free of neuroleptics for more than 6 months and the dyskinesia is probably irreversible (mean age = 74). The interest is double: 1. Practical: prevention by moderated and adapted prescription of neuroleptics, specially for long term treatments and oldest patients; anticholinergic correctors must be cautiously prescribed. 2. Theoretical: this human experimentation is a model of iatrogenic pathology for the study of mental illnesses, extrapyramidal troubles, and neuromediators...

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy caused by disorder of the myofiber texture.

A case of hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy caused by a disorder of the myofiber texture was observed in a 10 year old boy. The heart weighed 390 g and showed concentric hypertrophy of the left and right ventricles as well as of the ventricular septum. Additional findings consisted in an abnormal septum membranaceum and a accessory tricuspid valve leaflet. Severe cardiac hypertrophy was associated with prominent interstitial and subendocardial fibrosis, and pronounced intimal fibrosis of the intramural arteries. Electron microscopy revealed various degrees and stages of hypertrophy of the myocardial cells combined with severe degenerative changes. Additional changes of the sinus node and conduction system were responsible for a tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome, complete left bundle branch block and final total AV-block.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1975

[Letal rate and late complications following palliative surgery of transposition of the great arteria (author's transl)].

Between 1966 and 1973 145 palliative procedures were carried out on 110 infants with transposition of the great arteries. There were 23 early deaths (20.9 per cent). 85 per cent of the survivors were controlled till the end of 1974. Five late deaths and four cases of peripheral artery embolism were regarded. These complications, however, took place several years after palliation. The development of pulmonary hypertension doesn't seem to be as high as it is suspected sometimes. These results justify our conception, not to perform the Mustard-operation during the first two years of life.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

[A religious sect, its mental ill patients, its physician and its psychiatrists].

A religious Sect (Jéhovah witness), its mental patients, its doctor and its psychiatrists. The authors study religious sects, specially Jéhovoah witness. Such 15 mentally ill patients among this group have been treated at the psychiatric clinic. The fact that they are members of a community, sharing the same religious faith, and having in common severe rules of life, is considered as having a pathogenic or beneficial effect. One of them, physician, explain their opinion of mental illness : they believe in biological factors and discard any psychotherapeutic mean.

Community Psychiatry↗
PubMed1975

[Menopause: apropos of some psychological and psychiatric aspects].

Menopause, begining of woman's involutional period, may (or must) be systematically treated by estrogens, preventing most of immediate or later menopausel complications and limitating effects of aging. This use of estrogens (which causes many controversies and resistances) has also probably a positive neuropsychic effect. The author reminds classical psychopathological explanations supporting mental troubles of this period which are usually considered as reaction to a crisis, instead properly psychiatric diseases are included in involutional pathology. A short review of psychiatric litterature indicates that psychiatrists refuse any specificity to menopausal psychic troubles. He points out also "the phobia of menopause", the increasing fear of old age in a "youth culture", in spite of progress of woman emancipation, social liberation following biological liberation (birth control, decrease of child mortality, etc). The reports of Jaszmann and Van Keep and Kellerhars are summarized. They show the main role of sociological, economical and familial factors in appearance, intensity and duration of climacteric troubles and progressive degradation with aging of: personnal integration, intellectual and cultural integration, and human relation-ships, and mental sanity. These reports seem to indicate that menopause is only a critical period of the slow process of aging and decadence. But systematic estrogen treatment and improvement of femine social condition should change drasticelly these troubles and this decadence.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Psychiatry and the control of procreation].

Natural human reproduction is now controlled by medical means -contraception, surgical sterilization, free abortion-but for some couples (with a sterility problem) procreation is assisted by biological artifices-heterologous artificial insemination-or simulated by legal artifices = adoption (in France adopted children are officially notified as born from their adopting parents). These new biological methods and customs may create emotional disturbances and problems of identity. Psychiatrists have to know, to prevent or to treat them. This is a new pathology and there is a new role for psychiatrist.

Adoption↗
PubMed1975

[Survey of voluntary tattooing (analytic study of 43 Navy recruits].

We report a new inquiry on 43 tattooed naval recrutees. Mean age: 19. Mean age at the time of the first tattooing: 16 1/2. Social and familial history shows frequent conflictual, divorced, separated parents; the father is often ill, old or missing. Most family have many children. Low socio-cultural and economical level is common. Forensic and pyschological history is already heavily rich. However tattooing and delinquency cannot be assimilated. As found in many other studies, most of the tattooed did not undergone this type of inquiry. Only particular tattooed are probably investigated, and comparative samples of non-tattooed are lacking most of the time. Tattooing indicate more social and psychological misery of the milieu during childhood of this adolescents than their own pathological problems. It is more sociopathy than psychopathy. The analysis of the tattooed drawings is provided. They are stereotyped and commonplace, and very similar to graffiti. Circumstances at the times of tattooing are described as their present attitude to their tattooing, specially the wish to remove their tattooed figures. Recent literature is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Alcoholism and depression (Note apropos of a survey using Beck's inventary].

The authors summarize recent works that correlate depression and alcoholism. They give the result of an inquiry: 38 patients (7 women and 31 men) admitted for alcoholism were given the Beck inventory for measuring depressio;. Most of the men (18) were not voluntary for entering hospital; they were not depressed clinically and in the results of the Beck inventory (mean score=12,1). 13 men were voluntary for treating their alcoholism, most of them were clearly depressed (mean score=23.3). There is a good concordance between clinical data and Beck scores. This reminds us that depression may masquerade as alcoholism.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[I. Induced abortions and spontaneous abortions. Psychopathological aspects apropos of a preliminary sample of 411 requests for pregnancy interruption].

Since 1975 (17th January), abortion is free and legal in France. The authors analyse 411 first cases of women requiring for an abortion (seen over a period of 11 weeks). Most of them are young women, single, many begin their sexual life. Unwanted pregnancy indicates absence of contraception by ignorance, refusal or ambivalence (never used = 184 cases). 105 women used archaic and inefficient contraceptive means. Modern contraceptive means was used by 154 women but ill applied, ill tolerated and/or discarded (pill = 103 cases, I.U.D. = 14, diaphragme = 2, condoms = 35). Unwanted pregnancy and abortion signify failure of contraception. We compare psychologic and psychopathologic features of women requiring repeated induced abortion with those of women suffering of repeated spontaneous abortion and infertility. These women have frequently (same) problems of feminine identity, bad maternal imago, absence of father, unhappy, and conflictive childhood, immature sexuality and personnality. Contradiction between conscious and unconscious wishes create the two opposite situations and intrapsychic conflicts (spontaneous abortion = conscious willing of pregnancy + unconscious rejection of unbearable pregnancy; induced abortion = strong but unconscious wish of pregancy + conscious and volontary rejection of maternity). Psychotherapy should improve sexual and affective life and in both cases. The authors compare infanticide and abortion behaviors, contraceptive means, and psychological problems of doctors who are asked abortion.

Abortion Applicants↗