Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Boulanger

Publications and source records attributed to M Boulanger.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Pharmacological properties of a new antiasthmatic xanthine derivative devoid of central stimulatory activity.

The bronchodilating effect and other related pharmacological properties of an 8-amino alkyl substituted xanthine (S 9795) were compared with those of reference drugs, in particular theophylline. The in vitro studies using the tracheal ring, taenia coli, rat peritoneal mastocytes and enzymic preparations demonstrated the potency of S 9795 as an antiasthmatic drug, possessing protective activity superior to that of theophylline and enprofylline. S 9797 was 100 times more active as a cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor than theophylline. The compound also protected against mast cell degranulation and consequent release of spasmogen due to antigen-antibody reaction or induced by Ca2+ movements. Given orally or intravenously. S 9795 had a highly selective protective effect against bronchoconstriction induced by pharmacological reagents or allergic reactions with no demonstrable effect on the central nervous or cardiovascular systems. The pharmacological effects of S 9795 were of longer duration than those of theophylline and enprofylline. These studies demonstrate the potential therapeutic value of S 9795 in the therapy of bronchospastic disorders.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1986

Protection of adult BALB/c mice against MOPC 315 myeloma by neonatal administration of monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody to MOPC 315 IgA.

Ascitic fluid containing monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (AIA) to MOPC 315 IgA was administered to newborn BALB/c mice, and the mice were challenged in adulthood with IgA-producing MOPC 315 myeloma cells. Administration of AIA D10 (a hybrid molecule containing IgG1 and IgG2a heavy chains), G3 (IgG2b), and A2 (IgG1), all of which reacted with MOPC 315 cells in a cell-binding radioimmunoassay, prolonged survival and reduced the percentage of IgA-producing spleen fragments derived from mice challenged with MOPC 315 myeloma cells, but not with cells of a related IgA-producing myeloma, MOPC 460. Reduction in the percentage of IgA-producing spleen fragments was prevented by treatment of spleen cells prior to culture with anti-Thy 1.2 antibody and complement. Administration of AIA F1 (IgG2a), which did not react with MOPC 315 cells in vitro, or of an antibody with no AIA activity did not produce a similar protection. These results suggest that administration of AIA to MOPC 315 IgA to neonatal BALB/c mice induces idiotype-specific T-lymphocytes that protect these mice against a challenge with MOPC 315 myeloma cells in adulthood.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

End-tidal carbon dioxide tension and temperature changes after coronary artery bypass surgery.

Variations in end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PETCO2) and temperature were measured for six hours following coronary artery bypass surgery in twenty patients. In the recovery room, the patients were mechanically ventilated with a tidal volume of 12 ml X kg-1. Arterial blood gases were drawn every two hours, and the respiratory frequency was adjusted to maintain arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) in the range of 30-45 mmHg. Naso-pharyngeal temperature was recorded every 30 minutes, and PETCO2 was measured continuously. The mean difference between temperature-corrected arterial and end-tidal CO2 pressure measurements was 3.2 mmHg (SD = 2.8; r = 0.963). This difference did not vary with time, temperature or PCO2. The largest temperature increases (mean 1.7 degree C/hour) occurred at a mean of 253 minutes after the end of surgery. End-tidal PCO2 increased markedly as temperature rose, in spite of a coincident increase in ventilation and then decreased as temperature stabilized. Large increases in CO2 production, caused by the metabolic demands during rewarming, most likely account for these changes. It is concluded that end-tidal CO2 recordings are reliable, and can help in maintaining normocarbia during the short but unstable period associated with rewarming following cardiac surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Anesthetic induction with Althesin or diazepam in patients undergoing an aortocoronary bypass].

The haemodynamic effects of induction of anaesthesia with diazepam (group D) and Althesin (group A) were studied in 25 coronary patients under betablockers with good myocardial function. Haemodynamic variables monitored were vascular pressures, cardiac output and systolic time intervals. The effects of both drugs were observed when used alone (time I) and in combination with fentanyl, pancuronium and nitrous oxide (time II). The results seemed to show that Althesin (12.51% fall in SI and 10.79% increase in PEP/LVET) depressed myocardial function more than diazepam (no significant difference), but the introduction of fentanyl, pancuronium and nitrous oxide removed the differences between the drugs as to their effect on myocardial performance. These drugs added a depressant effect to diazepam (13.83% fall in SI and 15.77% increase in PEP/LVET) without increasing Althesin's negative inotropic effect. However, in group A at time II, the pulmonary arterial pressure, the wedge pressure and the pulmonary vascular resistance were significantly reduced, while they remained stable in the diazepam group.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1985

A role for self-recognizing T cells in the regulation of antibody-forming and cell-mediated cytotoxic responses in the mouse.

Mitogen- or antigen-activated murine spleen and thymus cell blasts have been used as inducer cells to stimulate production of suppressor T cells (Ts) in autologous mixed leucocyte culture. Ts cells were induced in an MHC-restricted fashion and produced suppression of cell-mediated lympholysis and antibody synthesis from fresh spleen cells sharing MHC haplotypes with the Ts pool. Ts were Thy 1+, Lyt 1+ cells. Induction of Ts depended upon expression of class II MHC antigens on stimulating cells, but the level of Ts induced by different populations of suppressor inducer cells was not correlated with the level of Ia antigen expression. Activity of suppressor inducer cells was correlated with the functional activity of the inducer pool. The data are interpreted to favour a model in which Ts are induced by associative recognition on stimulator cells of class II MHC antigens and lymphocyte recognition receptors as nominal antigen (i.e. Ts are auto anti-idiotypic in nature). Using as stimulator/responder cells in AMLR lymphocytes taken from normal (8-week) or aged (greater than 24-month) mice, data were obtained consistent with this model and with earlier evidence for an altered expression of both lymphocyte recognition receptors and/or class II antigens in senescence.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

[Superior venacavography at the patient's bedside].

Acute onset of superior vena cava syndrome in critically ill patients, hours after cardiac surgery, needs angiographic documentation without delay in order to proceed with appropriate treatment. Bedside diagnostic venacavography was done for two patients in the surgical intensive care unit with a simple and safe method using a central venous catheter already in place.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[The cardiovascular creed of the anesthesiologist].

The response of the organism to acute aggression takes place with the intervention of the sympathetic nervous system which, by massive action, prepares the individual for combat or flight. These two actions cause vasodilation in the skeletal muscles, thus provoking a drop in peripheral resistance as a reaction to increased cardiac output. Surgery itself constitutes an aggression and, in principle, the anaesthesiologist ought to respect this physiological cardiovascular example and maintain the heart in work-volume regimen.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1983

Prognosis in generalized peritonitis. Relation to cause and risk factors.

Generalized peritonitis was assessed in 176 patients, 67 (38%) of whom died. Cases were divided into causative groups: (1) appendicitis and perforated duodenal ulcer, (2) intraperitoneal origin other than appendix or duodenum, and (3) postoperative peritonitis. Mortalities were 10%, 50%, and 60%, respectively. Postoperative peritonitis was characterized by lack of influence of age on outcome, late operation, and more frequent organ failure. Delayed surgery carried a worse prognosis. Organ failure was a risk factor with 76% mortality, and was associated with late operation. Early surgery in organ failure improved survival. More sensitive indicators of early organ dysfunction might improve survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A simple classification of the risk in cardiac surgery.

A new risk classification for patients undergoing cardiac surgery has been used for the last two years by the anaesthesiologists of the Montreal Heart Institute. The following factors known to be associated with a greater operative morbidity and mortality were selected: (1) poor left ventricular function, (2) congestive heart failure, (3) unstable angina or recent (less than 6 weeks) myocardial infarction, (4) age over 65 years, (5) severe obesity (Body Mass Index greater than 30), (6) reoperation, (7) emergency surgery, (8) other significant or uncontrolled systemic disturbances. Patients with none of the above factors were classified as normal risks; those presenting with one of those selected factors were classified as increased risks, and those with more than one factor were said to carry a high risk. In a prospective study of 500 consecutive open-heart surgery patients classified according to this method, we found that the operated population at normal risk (50 per cent of cases) had a mortality of 0.4 per cent, the patient group with increased risk (32 per cent of cases) had a mortality of 3.1 per cent, and the high risk group (18 per cent of cases) had a 12.2 per cent mortality. Furthermore, 50 deaths following open-heart surgery were assessed retrospectively using the classification; 58 per cent of these patients were classified as high risk, 34 per cent had an increased risk, and only eight per cent were found to be in the normal risk group. Thus, this new risk classification has proven to be a reliable and useful tool for preoperative assessment of patients undergoing open-heart surgery and for teaching purposes.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

[Appearance and metabolic development of diabetes mellitus in the sand rat, Psammomys obesus].

The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effects of synthetic chow diet on the metabolic pattern of diabetic syndrome in a large group of sand rats. Few animals had a fulminating reaction with markedly decreased glucose tolerance, low plasma insulin levels and death within 3-4 weeks. But the most of sand rats developed obesity and elevated plasma insulin levels. From the third month, 40% of sand rats presented a diabetic syndrome with hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, markedly decreased glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Plasma lipids were increased; the lipid and glycogen accumulation in the liver was high. So this diabetic syndrome can be compared to maturity onset diabetes. If this synthetic chow diet lasted more than 6 months, the most of animals lost considerable weight with a strong lipid depletion of fat stores. Serum immunoreactive insulin levels fall and the blood glucose rose over 500 mg/100 ml with glycosuria and ketonuria . The elevated triglyceride content of plasma and the lipid deposits in the liver were exaggerated; glycogen had disappeared. Animals developed an overtly insulin- dependent diabetes, the latter phase of the disease. The sand rat appears to us as a potentially interesting model for investigation both maturity onset and ketotic-type diabetic syndrome.

Animal Feed↗