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Biomedical subjects

M Bond

Publications and source records attributed to M Bond.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

An empirically validated hierarchy of defense mechanisms.

We empirically examined the validity of ego mechanisms of defense as an explanatory concept for psychological health in 307 middle-aged men who were prospectively followed up for 40 years. Assessed on the basis of a two-hour interview when the men were 47 years old, the maturity (health) of the men's defenses correlated highly with independently assessed outcome measures. Evidence is offered that defensive style provides an independent dimension of mental health. First, childhood variables significantly predicted midlife mental health but not midlife maturity of defenses. Second, the bleaker the childhood the stronger the association of maturity of defenses with adult mental health. Third, the Bond Defense Style Questionnaire, administered to 131 of the 307 men six to eight years after the interview, identified the same styles of defense that were identified earlier by clinical assessment.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Immunochemical studies of mouse monoclonal antibodies to dextran B1355S--II. Combining site specificity, sequence, idiotype and affinity.

The specificities of the combining sites of 19 mouse monoclonal antibodies to dextran B1355S have been characterized immunochemically by quantitative precipitin and precipitin inhibition assays; association constants for B1355S were determined by affinity gel electrophoresis. Cross-reactive and individual idiotypes related to the BALB/c B1355S-binding myeloma proteins MOPC104E [IdI(MOPC104E)] and J558 [IdI(J558)], determined by a radioimmunoassay, and heavy-chain variable-region sequences, are presented. Antibodies to B1355S are "alpha (1----3) alpha (1----6)-specific" as determined by precipitin and precipitin inhibition assays with dextrans and oligosaccharides, respectively, containing alternating alpha (1----3) alpha (1----6) linkages compared with oligosaccharides composed solely of alpha (1----3) or alpha (1----6) linkages; all antibodies have low association constants (less than or equal to 10(5) ml/g). However, there is also considerable diversity among the proteins as seen in the five groups of different patterns of reactivity with numerous dextrans having different structures, and the variability in affinity even among antibodies showing the same fine specificity by precipitin assay. There is little observable correlation of heavy-chain variable-region amino-acid sequence with specificity or affinity; however, all proteins having D-region amino acids Tyr,Asp at positions 96,97 express the MOPC104E individual idiotype and belong to precipitin specificity group 5, the group most cross-reactive with numerous dextrans, whereas those proteins having the J558 individual idiotype, Arg,Tyr or Asn,Tyr at 96,97 are found in all five precipitin groups.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Calcium and sodium distribution and movements in smooth muscle.

Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) has been used to study the subcellular distribution of Ca, Na, K, Cl, and Mg in smooth muscle. The EPMA results indicate that the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is the major intracellular source and sink of activator Ca: norepinephrine decreases the Ca content of the junctional SR in portal vein smooth muscle. Mitochondria do not play a significant role in regulating cytoplasmic free Ca2+, but mitochondrial Ca content can be altered to a degree compatible with suggestions that fluctuations in matrix Ca contribute to the control of mitochondrial metabolism. The rise in total cytoplasmic Ca during a maintained, maximal contraction is very much greater than the rise in free Ca2+, and is probably in excess of the known binding sites available on calmodulin and myosin. Cell Ca is not increased in normal cells that are Na-loaded. The non-Donnan distribution of Cl is not due to compartmentalization, but reflects high cytoplasmic Cl. Na-loading of smooth muscle in K-free solutions is temperature dependent, and may exhibit cellular heterogeneity undetected by conventional techniques. The total cell Mg is equivalent to approximately 12 mM, and less than 50% of it can be accounted for by binding to ATP and to actin. Mitochondrial monovalent cations in smooth muscle are relatively rapidly exchangeable.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Inositol trisphosphate-induced calcium release and contraction in vascular smooth muscle.

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) caused Ca release and tension development in rabbit main pulmonary artery smooth muscle permeabilized with saponin or digitonin. Both of these responses to single additions of InsP3 (0.5-30 microM) were repeatable and occurred in the presence of 0.0-1.9 mM free Mg2+. Sustained contractions were induced by InsP3. The amount of Ca released by InsP3, measured with a Ca2+-selective electrode, was also estimated to be sufficient to stimulate contraction in intact smooth muscle. Ca release was not influenced by inhibitors of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The uptake of Ca2+ from the medium into the InsP3-sensitive pool was ATP-dependent. The present results support the hypothesis that, in smooth muscle, InsP3 is the messenger, or one of the messengers, involved in transmitter-induced (pharmacomechanical) Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which is the intracellular Ca store identified previously as the source of Ca released by norepinephrine in main pulmonary artery.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Coronary artery bypass surgery--impact upon a patient's wife--a pilot study.

A pilot study of the wives of 19 coronary artery surgery patients assessed levels and predictors of affective symptoms. A substantial proportion of wives (40 to 50%) reported levels of depression (but not anxiety) severe enough to warrant treatment, and many attributed this to the effects of their husband's operation. Neither the wives' expectations of patient outcome, nor the objectively assessed surgical outcome bore any relationship to the wives' affective state. A previous psychiatric history in a wife was possibly related to her affective state, but her 'N' score (emotionality) on the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was very strongly related to her state.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1984

Release and recycling of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in guinea-pig portal vein smooth muscle.

The amplitude of interrupted contractions evoked by noradrenaline or caffeine in Ca2+-free, high-K+ solutions containing EGTA or La3+ was determined in small (40-60 micron thick) bundles of guinea-pig portal anterior mesenteric vein. Interrupted contractions were produced by removing the stimulating agent as soon as the amplitude of the tension record reached its peak. The distribution of intracellular Ca2+ was determined, with electron probe X-ray microanalysis, in cryosections of preparations frozen in the relaxed state and at the peak of noradrenaline-induced contractions. Interrupted contractions of maximal or near-maximal amplitudes could be evoked every 2 min for up to 15 min in the virtual absence of extracellular Ca2+. If noradrenaline was allowed to remain in the solution throughout the period of spontaneous relaxation, a subsequent contraction could no longer be evoked in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Interrupted contractions, similar to those evoked by noradrenaline, could also be stimulated by caffeine. The amplitude of reproducible interrupted contractions in Ca2+-free, high-K+ solution was graded with noradrenaline concentration. The ability of these smooth muscles to contract repeatedly and maximally in Ca2+-free solutions indicates the recycling of Ca2+ released from an intracellular store. The occurrence of these contractions in high-K+ (depolarizing) solutions supports the conclusion (Devine, Somlyo & Somlyo, 1972) that the release of intracellular Ca2+ is one of the mechanisms of pharmacomechanical coupling. The number of subplasmalemmal regions in which high Ca concentrations (greater than 10 mmol/kg dry wt.) were detected, with approximately 75 nm diameter electron probes, was reduced in muscles frozen at the peak of contraction, from 4.7/cell periphery in the relaxed to 1.4/cell periphery in the contracted preparations. In freeze-substituted smooth muscles, in which the membranes of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum could be visualized, the regions containing high Ca were identified as part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (s.r.), indicating that the s.r. is the store from which noradrenaline and caffeine release Ca2+.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Total cytoplasmic calcium in relaxed and maximally contracted rabbit portal vein smooth muscle.

The concentration of total cytoplasmic Ca in vascular smooth muscle was measured by electron probe microanalysis of strips of rabbit portal anterior mesenteric vein that were rapidly frozen either when relaxed or during a maintained (30 min) maximal contraction stimulated with high K and noradrenaline. Strips were also frozen and analysed after incubation in Ca-free, high-Mg2+ solution. Probe diameters of 0.1-0.2 micron and 1.0-1.5 micron were used to measure, respectively, cytoplasmic and cellular (including stored) Ca. There was a highly significant increase (P less than 0.0005) in cytoplasmic Ca of 1.0 +/- 0.2 (S.D.) mmol Ca/kg dry wt. from 0.8 +/- 0.2 (S.E. of mean) mmol/kg dry wt. (n = 262 spectra, six animals) to 1.8 +/- 0.2 (S.E. of mean) mmol Ca/kg dry wt. (n = 296 spectra, six animals), during maximal contraction. This increase is greater than can be accounted for by Ca binding to calmodulin and to myosin, suggesting the presence of other Ca-binding proteins in smooth muscle. A small amount (0.4-0.6 mmol/kg dry wt.) of cytoplasmic Ca remained after incubation in Ca-free, high-Mg2+ EGTA solution. This tightly bound, cytoplasmic Ca is insufficient to account for the total amount of divalent cation known to be bound to F-actin. We conclude that Mg is the major inexchangeably bound cation in F-actin in smooth as in striated muscle. In the contracted muscles, the cellular Ca concentration, measured with the large probes that include Ca stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (s.r.), was 3.2 +/- 0.3 (S.E. of mean) mmol Ca/kg dry wt. (n = 93), significantly higher than the cytoplasmic Ca concentration measured with small probes. This value of cellular Ca is probably an underestimate, as the large-diameter probes did not cover all of the peripheral s.r. The cellular Ca (measured with large probes) was highest in the contracted and lower in the relaxed tissue, and was significantly reduced in the muscles incubated in Ca-free solution. In contracted muscle, cytoplasmic Mg significantly decreased and mitochondrial Mg increased. In 0 Ca, high-Mg2+ solution, the cytoplasmic Mg increased significantly. Mitochondrial Ca did not significantly change during a maintained contraction, but was significantly lower (0.0 +/- 0.2 (S.E. of mean) mmol Ca/kg dry wt.) after incubation in Ca-free, high-Mg2+ solution than in the relaxed tissue (1.6 +/- 0.2 mmol Ca/kg dry wt.) in normal Ca-containing solution.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Combining site specificities of mouse hybridoma antibodies to dextran B1355S.

The combining sites of 12 mouse hybridoma antibodies to dextran B1355S have been characterized by quantitative precipitin assay. All antibodies preferentially bind the immunizing antigen B1355S and two other class I dextrans, B1498S and B1501S, but show substantial differences in the extents to which they cross react with class I dextrans, suggesting their clustering into five groups. Three myeloma proteins, CAL20 TEPC1035, J558, and MOPC104E, which bind dextran B1355S, each fall into a different group. There appears to be a substantial, but imperfect, correlation of DH region structure and individual idiotypic determinants with dextran binding patterns. Proteins with RY DH segments and IdI (J558) idiotypes are in groups 1 or 3, and proteins with YD DH segments and IdI (MOPC104E) idiotypes are exclusively in group 5. However, identical patterns of precipitin curves accompany very different sequences in CDR3. Antibodies of group 1, which react only with class II dextrans, differ the most in primary sequence, a finding suggesting that subsites responsible for cross reactivity with class I dextrans may be blocked and that this may be effected by side chains of different amino acids. This finding delineates a new aspect of the relationship of variability in amino acid sequence to antibody complementarity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Empirical study of self-rated defense styles.

A self-administered questionnaire that would indicate a person's perception of his or her habitual defensive style was constructed and tested. The hypotheses assessed were that defenses cluster so as to constitute "styles" and that these styles can be ranked as more or less adaptive. The sample comprised 98 psychiatric patients and 111 nonpatients. The tools used were (1) a questionnaire measure of self-appraisal of defensive style, (2) a questionnaire measure of ego adaptation, and (3) a sentence completion measure of ego development. The results, which argued strongly for the validity of a questionnaire measure of perceived defensive style, also showed that such defenses tend to cluster into styles that can be ranked on a developmental continuum, from "maladaptive action patterns," through "image-distorting" defenses, "self-sacrificing" defenses, and "adaptive" defenses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Ultrastructure, function and composition of smooth muscle.

Filamentous myosin is present in both relaxed (myosin light chains unphosphorylated) and contracted (light chains phosphorylated) vascular smooth muscle. The organization of myosin and actin filaments and the insertion of the latter on cytoplasmic and plasma membrane bound dense bodies is consistent with a mini sarcomere-like organization and a sliding filament mechanism of contraction in smooth muscle. Mitochondria are high capacity, low affinity Ca stores in smooth muscle. They do not play a role in the regulation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ at physiological levels. The localization and Ca content of the junctional sarcoplasmatic reticulum (SR) is consistent with this organelle being the major intracellular source of activator Ca released by excitatory transmitters. Repeated contractions in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ (thought to represent recycling of intracellular activator Ca2+) can be demonstrated if the excitatory agent is not allowed to remain in contact with the smooth muscle throughout relaxation.; the demonstration of "recycling" is facilitated if the efflux of cellular Ca2+ is blocked. The rise in total cytoplasmic calcium measured with electron probe analysis during a maintained (30 min) contracture in rabbit portal-anterior mesenteric vein smooth muscle (approximately 0.9 mol/kg dry cytoplasm) is greater than the amount of Ca that could be bound to calmodulin.

Actins↗