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Biomedical subjects

M Blumenthal

Publications and source records attributed to M Blumenthal.

229 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical evaluation of ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% ophthalmic solution for the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.

We evaluated 148 patients with allergic conjunctivitis in a double-masked, paired comparison clinical trial comparing ketorolac 0.5% ophthalmic solution with vehicle. Patients received one drop of each study medication in preassigned eyes, four times a day, for seven days. Both treatments showed significant changes from baseline in the signs and symptoms associated with allergic conjunctivitis. Evaluations at the final visit (day 7 or 8) showed that ketorolac-treated eyes had a significant treatment response when compared to vehicle-treated eyes for conjunctival inflammation (p = 0.010), ocular itching (p = 0.006), swollen eyes (p = 0.002), discharge/tearing (p = 0.021), foreign body sensation (p = 0.035), and conjunctival injection (p = 0.016). Mean scores evaluating the overall therapeutic effect of the study treatments at the completion of the study were higher for ketorolac-treated eyes than for vehicle-treated eyes as rated by investigators (p = 0.004) and study patients (p < 0.001). Results of this study confirmed the trends of a previous study showing that ketorolac 0.5% ophthalmic solution applied topically is an effective therapy for allergic conjunctivitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New World plants; New World drugs.

The "discovery" and eventual colonization and exploitation of the New World by Europeans created the opportunity for the development of medicines from numerous plants native to the Western Hemisphere. Many of these plants had been employed by native cultures for centuries or millenia. The plants and, eventually, isolated drugs derived from them were incorporated into the materia media of the Europeans both in Europe and in the new colonies. Many became official in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP); a few still remain today. In all, 30 plants and/or their derivatives are briefly profiled. The subjects of plant-based medicines is becoming more timely as millions of Europeans and Americans begin to seek "natural" remedies for self-medication. Unfortunately, lack of patentability and high new-drug approval costs keep many traditional plant medicines from obtaining proper recognition.

Americas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital Leber amaurosis, keratoconus, and mental retardation in familial juvenile nephronophtisis.

Two siblings suffering from congenital Leber amaurosis were found to be affected also by juvenile nephronophtisis. Keratoconus in one child and mental retardation in the other developed during their later growth. An extensive laboratory study showed normal results but revealed an impaired urinary concentrating ability. The hereditary pattern operating in this complex disease was found to be consistent with an autosomal recessive trait.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Systemic and topical use of poly I.C. in treatment of generalized neonatal herpes simplex infection with severe ocular involvement.

A case of Neonatal Herpes Simlex Virus (RSV) Encephalitis with severe ocular manifestation treated by topical systemic and intrathecal Interferon inducer, Poly IC (Polyriboinosinic acid-Polyribocytidylic acid) is reported. Prior to the administration of Poly IC, no Interferon could be detected neither in blood nor in CSF and vesicular fluid from conjunctiva. Intravenous administration of the drug initiated measurable levels in blood and tears, but not in CSF. However, intrathecal injection induced persistent high levels of Interferon in CSF. Virus clearance from conjunctiva tears and vesicular fluid occurred after three days of topical application of Poly IC. The mechanism of action of Poly IC, the laboratory results and the therapeutic conclusions are discussed in detail. This is the first report of intrathecal administration of Poly IC in a case of HSV Encephalitis.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transformation of corneal epithelial cyst into anterior chamber implantation cyst and scleral cyst: a rare occurrence.

An 8-year-old boy underwent a penetrating keratoplasty for a corneal epithelial cyst. After surgery an anterior chamber implantation cyst appeared. Repeated Neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser treatments failed to eradicate this cyst; it later extended into the sclera together with the collapse of the anterior chamber cyst. The possible mechanism underlying the development of these cysts is discussed.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital cataract surgery in children with cataract as an isolated defect and in children with a systemic syndrome: a comparative study.

PURPOSE: To compare visual acuity outcome in two groups of children who underwent congenital cataract surgery. The first group is one in which an isolated cataract occurred; the second group is one in which cataract occurred in conjunction with a systemic disease. METHODS: A review of 46 charts: 36 children (50 eyes) with congenital cataract as an isolated defect, and 10 children (16 eyes) with cataract as part of a systemic disease. RESULTS: One third of the eyes with isolated cataract had postoperative visual acuity better than 6/12, although none of the patients in the syndrome group had visual acuity better than 6/12. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.01). Of the various ocular pathologies associated with congenital cataract, only nystagmus was found to be more prevalent in the syndrome group (40%) as compared with the isolated cataract group (11%) (p = 0.05). Surgery was performed during the first 2 years of life in 54% of the eyes in the isolated cataract group, and in 87% of the eyes in the syndrome group (p = 0.01). There was no difference in the prevalence of the postoperative complications between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Children who underwent congenital cataract surgery developed poorer visual acuity if the cataract was a part of a systemic disease as compared with children without a systemic syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Refractive status in children after long-term follow up of cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the resultant refractive status in children 5 to 11 years after cataract surgery with a high power intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. METHODS: Charts of eight patients (10 eyes) who underwent cataract surgery with IOL implantation by the same technique were reviewed. Age at surgery was 2 months to 3 years. High-power IOL of 27.0 to 30.0 diopters (D) was implanted in seven eyes and lower IOL (between 19.0 D to 23.0 D) in three eyes. Follow-up period was between 5 and 11 years. RESULTS: In children who received a high-power IOL, the resultant refraction after 5 to 7 years was found to be between -5.50 and -12.00 D. In the group that had a lower power IOL implanted, the refraction was between -2.50 and +9.00 after 6 to 11 years. The results were plotted on a graph of refraction vs. IOL power and showed that the IOL power that may result in emmetropia in an older child is 23.2D. CONCLUSIONS: The implantation of a high-power IOL (27 D to 30 D) in eight young children resulted in refractive status within 3 D of emmetropia during the first year or two of life and in high myopia at age 5 to 12 years.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of fosinopril on exercise tolerance, symptoms, and clinical outcomes in patients with decompensated heart failure.

The purpose of this prospective, multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study was to determine the clinical effects of fosinopril in patients with decompensated or worsening heart failure (HF). Patients >/=18 years with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II-IV HF who had been hospitalized or seen in the ER or outpatient clinic for treatment of worsening or decompensated HF were eligible. Patients had to be on diuretic therapy and have a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) </=35% and a treadmill exercise tolerance test (ETT) duration of </=8 minutes. Randomized patients began 12 weeks of fosinopril 10 mg (or placebo) qAM and were titrated within 4 weeks to fosinopril 20 mg and then to 40 mg (or placebo) qAM (if seated, systolic blood pressure (SBP) >/=90 mm Hg). ETTs (modified Naughton protocol) were performed at weeks 1, 3, 6, and 12. A total of 206 patients (mean age 62 years) were randomized to fosinopril (n=102) or placebo (n=104). Most patients were NYHA functional class III (58%) or IV (30%) at presentation; 145 patients completed 12 weeks of treatment (fosinopril, n=85; placebo, n=60). After adjustment for baseline imbalances and investigator effects, fosinopril-treated patients had a 513 second mean exercise duration at endpoint vs. a 489 second duration in placebo-treated patients (p=0.353). When the analysis was adjusted for the impact of dropouts on ETT time, fosinopril-treated patients had a greater exercise duration than those treated with placebo (p=0.043). Fewer patients in the fosinopril group were discontinued from study medication (p=0.008) or hospitalized (p=0.005) for worsening HF. At endpoint, more patients improved their NYHA Functional Class and fewer had worsened with fosinopril vs. placebo (p=0.018); fosinopril-treated patients showed improvements in dyspnea (p=0.054), fatigue (p=0.052), edema (p=0.012), and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (p=0.003) vs. the placebo group. Once-daily fosinopril had a favorable effect on dropout-adjusted exercise tolerance, reduced the frequency of discontinuations or hospitalizations for worsening HF, improved HF signs and symptoms, and was safe and well tolerated. (c)1999 by CHF, Inc.

Journal Article↗