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Biomedical subjects

M Bishop

Publications and source records attributed to M Bishop.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Clinical state, plasma levels of haloperidol and prolactin: a correlation study in chronic schizophrenia.

Chronic schizophrenic patients were maintained for six months on a dosage of haloperidol adjusted to give optimum clinical effect. A correlation was found between extrapyramidal symptoms and prolactin levels and also between plasma haloperidol concentration and plasma prolactin levels. Estimation of plasma prolactin would be a reliable measurement of patients' compliance with medication.

Basal Ganglia Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Tumor surveillance: how tumors may resist macrophage-mediated host defense.

Both normal human serum and supernatant from explanted malignant tumors contained a heat-stable low-molecular-weight factor that inhibited monocyte activation in vitro. In contrast, serum from individuals with solid tumors enhanced monocyte activation. It is suggested that the systemic activation of monocytes that occurs in malignant disease may be an appropriate host response but that successful tumors may continue to grow because they subvert the normal physiological signal for inhibition of macrophage activation.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1979

Tinea of the ear mimicking chondritis.

A case of tinea of the pinna, mistaken for chondritis, is presented. Chondritis should be added to the list of diseases that tinea infection may mimic.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A study of three protocols of blood transfusion before renal transplantaion in the dog.

Three protocols of blood transfusion were evaluated in a canine model for (1) the strength and breadth of leukocytotoxin induction, (2) the induction of cell-mediated immunity against the blood donors, (3) haemagglutinin production, and (4) any effect on kidney graft survival. At the end of the transfusion schedule, each dog received a kindey graft and was given azathioprine and prednisolone postoperatively. All dogs were unrelated and blood donors were not used as kidney donors. All three transfusion protocols, comprising i.v. injections of blood twice weekly or every 2 weeks from one or three donors, induced unacceptably strong and broad leukocytotoxins. All transplants performed across a positive crossmatch failed to function. However, where a negative crossmatch was available, the trend of results was that the transfused dogs had better graft survival than nontransfused animals similarly treated with azathioprine and prednisolone. Only one dog produced haemagglutinins. Several animals had positive cell-mediated immunity against the blood donors, but the response was not strong and was frequently not sustained.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of renal preservation using the isolated perfused rat kidney. Ischaemic damage and the effects of inosine.

An isolated perfused rat kidney has been used to determine the response to prolonged warm ischaemia and to examine renal preservation procedures. All measurements of function declined to near zero after 90 min of warm ischaemia. Measurement of total sodium reabsorption (TNa) was the most sensitive indicator of renal damage. Inosine was without effect on subsequent renal function after 60 or 90 min of warm ischaemia, or after 24 hr of cold ischaemia. Surface cooling or hypertonic citrate solution, in the cold or at 37 degrees C, significantly improved renal function, and their use in clinical renal preservation rather than that of inosine was supported by the present results.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1977

Renal transplantation and a positive serological cross-match.

A renal transplant involving a recipient with a positive serological cross-match against donor lymphocytes generally results in hyperacute rejection of the graft. 13 cadaveric renal transplants were performed in recipients with a known positive serologic cross-match against donor B lymphocytes. 12 of these serological cross-matches were positive against donor blood, node, or spleen lymphocytes, but the reactivity was directed against donor B lymphocytes only. 3 transplants failed, 2 because of rejection and 1 because of renal-artery thrombosis. 10 transplants are functioning, 6 to 42 weeks after the operation. Of these 10 successful grafts, 3 had no acute rejection episodes, while 7 had an early acute rejection episode which responded to treatment. Histologically, the grafts showed a cellular rejection, similar to that in enhanced renal allografts in the rat. It is possible to transplant a kidney in a high-risk patient with a positive B lymphocyte cross-match with a low risk of failure. In addition active enhancement of the graft might sometimes occur.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Angiosarcoma of the liver: an epidemiologic survey.

Diagnosed from 1970 through 1975, the annual incidence rate for angiosarcoma of the liver among residents of New York State (excluding New York City) was 0.25 per million. A case-control study indicated that direct exposure to arsenic, vinyl chloride (VC), and thorium dioxide was a significantly important factor in the etiology of this disorder (P less than 0.02). Direct exposure to these chemicals could not be demonstrated for 19 (73%) of the 26 study patients. The fact that 5 of these patients lived nearer to VC fabrication or polymerization plants than did their matched controls lent some support to the hypothesis that indirect modes of exposure, not specifically related to occupation, might be important in the etiology of this disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Drug resistant tuberculosis in a large southern California hospital.

Rates of in vitro resistance to antituberculous drugs were examined for all patients hospitalized with active tuberculosis between January 1969 and December 1972, and between March 1975 and September 1976. During the former period, in 31.5 per cent of patients, tuberculosis was resistant to one or more drugs, and in 12.3 per cent of patients was resistant to 2 or more drugs. During the latter period, 35.5 per cent of patients had tuberculosis that was resistant to one or more drugs, and 19.6 per cent had tuberculosis resistant to 2 or more drugs. Resistance to isoniazid and ethambutol increased significantly, whereas resistance to para-aminosalicytic acid decreased. Age, national origin, and length of residence in the United States were not good predictors for the presence of in vitro resistance.

Aminosalicylic Acid↗
PubMed1976

Effect of aromatic retinoids on rat chondrosarcoma glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis.

Synthetic aromatic analogs of retinoic acid were administered i.p. and p.o. to Fischer F344 rats bearing a transplantable chondrosarcoma. 35CO4 incorporation into glycosaminoglycans were compared for neoplastic and normal cartilage explants after removal from animals given various analogs. There was a direct relationship between [35S]glycosaminoglycan synthesis by chondrosarcoma chondrocytes and inhibition of tumor growth. The degree of inhibition of [35S]glycosaminoglycan synthesis in the neoplastic cartilage was dependent on the dose of the retinoid administered. At 20-mg/kg/day doses of retinoid for 4 weeks, 35SO4 incorporated into glycosaminoglycan by treated tumor explants was reduced as much as 95%. There was no reduction of [35S] glycosaminoglycan produced in normal costal cartilage of the same animals. Retinoid treatment of 20-mg/kg/day doses for 4 weeks resulted in a 75% reduction in glycosaminoglycan per mg of chondrosarcoma; there was no reduction in costal cartilage glycosaminoglycan. Retinoid (10- to 20-mg/kg/day doses) elevated collagen levels per mg of chondrosarcoma but had no effect on costal cartilage collagen. Combined in vitro and in vivo studies showed that retinoid administration modified neoplastic chondrocyte function but had no measurable effect on normal chondrocyte function.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Dexamethasone-mediated induction of mouse mammary tumor virus RNA: a system for studying glucocorticoid action.

We have investigated the mechanisms by which dexamethasone (a synthetic glucocorticoid) stimulates the production of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) by cell cultures derived from mammary carcinomas of GR mice. Treatment of these cells with dexamethasone stimulates a rapid accumulation of intracellular virus-specific RNA which is dependent upon RNA synthesis but not upon DNA or protein synthesis. The effect of dexamethasone is probably mediated by a specific and saturable glucocorticoid receptor. We conclude that the accumulation of MMTV RNA is a primary response to dexamethasone and that the rate of synthesis of MMTV RNA is probably accelerated by treatment with dexamethasone.

Cell Line↗