[Study on kanamycin administered in aerosol form].
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
M Bilodeau
Publications and source records attributed to M Bilodeau.
Use of clonidine as a component of the peribulbar block in patients undergoing cataract surgery.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine whether administration of clonidine as a component of a peribulbar block enhanced analgesia increased sedation, improved akinesia, or decreased intraocular pressure. METHODS: A randomized, double-blinded study was undertaken at a University-affiliated tertiary care hospital. Forty outpatients undergoing unilateral cataract surgery by a single surgeon (J.P.) under peribulbar blockade were evaluated. Patients received either 100 microg (1 mL) clonidine or 1 mL preservative-free normal saline mixed with the local anesthetic (7 mL 1% preservative-free lidocaine). A Honan adapter was applied for 10 minutes after block placement. The outcome measures included sedation scores, intraocular pressure (IOP) before and after peribulbar block, need for supplemental block, 24-hour analgesic requirement, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: There were no differences between groups with respect to pain, sedation, or satisfaction scores. There was no difference with respect to onset of akinesia. This study revealed no significant difference in baseline IOP and postperibulbar IOP. CONCLUSIONS: Clonidine did not alter, in any appreciable way, the perioperative course for patients undergoing cataract operations. We do not recommend clonidine as a component of a peribulbar block in patients undergoing cataract extraction operations.
Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
Do enzymatic hydrolyzability and Simons' stain reflect the changes in the accessibility of lignocellulosic substrates to cellulase enzymes?
In an attempt to elucidate the impact of substrate accessibility to cellulases on the susceptibility of lignocellulosic substrates to enzymatic hydrolysis, a hydrogen peroxide treated, Douglas fir kraft pulp was dried using several methods with varying levels of intensity. Oven-drying at 50 and 100 degrees C, air-drying, and freeze-drying methods were employed to remove the interfibrillar water from the pulp samples. Subsequently, the never-dried and variably dried pulps were hydrolyzed using a commercial cellulase preparation supplemented with additional beta-glucosidase. Drying reduced the susceptibility of the substrates to enzymatic hydrolysis, which can be attributed to the hornifying effect that drying has on fibers. This effect was more pronounced for the fibers that were oven-dried at 100 degrees C (23% reduction) and 50 degrees C (15% reduction), and there was a good correlation between the Simons's stain results and the enzymatic digestibility of the dried pulps. These observations indicated that drying significantly reduced the population of larger pores and that the partial closure of larger pores created a large number of smaller pores that were not accessible to the displacement dye molecules (orange dye). The inaccessibility of the cellulose to the enzymes, due to the collapse or closure of the large pores, appears to be the primary reason for the lower susceptibility of the dried pulps to enzymatic hydrolysis.
Algorithms↗
A simulated accreditation program.
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Accreditation↗
Dyslipoproteinemias after heart and heart-lung transplantation: potential relation to accelerated graft arteriosclerosis.
Plasma lipid, lipoprotein lipid, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apolipoprotein B (Apo B) levels were measured in 34 patients who had undergone heart transplantation and in two patients who had undergone heart-lung transplantation. In contrast to initial reports, atherogenic dyslipoproteinemias were common, with 14% of patients having increased LDL cholesterol levels, 16.7% increased triglyceride levels, 8.3% decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, and 22.2% increased LDL Apo B levels. Of interest, 14% of patients had an HDL cholesterol level greater than the 95th percentile of the general population. In four patients coronary arteriosclerosis developed after transplantation. All had an atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia. One had type II hypercholesterolemia, and one had isolated low HDL cholesterol levels. Two had hyperapobetalipoproteinemia, one of whom also had low HDL cholesterol levels. The results establish that atherogenic dyslipoproteinemias are frequent in patients after heart transplantation and suggest that these dyslipoproteinemias, along with rejection, may play a role in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis after transplantation.
Adult↗
EMG power spectrum of elbow extensors: a reliability study.
In order to be considered a potential tool for the characterization of muscle activity, the reliability of EMG power spectral analysis should be demonstrated. In this study, the reliability of the mean power frequency (MPF) and of the median frequency (MF) of power spectra (triceps brachii (TB), anconeus (AN)) obtained at different force levels from both ramp and stepwise isometric contractions was tested across three similar sessions performed on three different days (N = 9). Two-way ANOVAs for repeated measures did not disclose any significant differences (p > 0.05) in the value of either the MF or the MPF across the different sessions for either type of contraction. In contrast, significant changes (p < 0.05) in both the MF and the MPF were found across force levels. No significant interactions (p > 0.05) were found between the session and the force factors, for any of the analyses performed. The present results indicate that the MPF and the MF of the EMG power spectrum, taken at a specific force level, are reliable measures across sessions performed on different days. Consequently, this supports the possible use of power spectral analysis of EMG signals as an evaluation technique that could monitor changes in the neuromuscular system that can occur over a given period.
Adult↗