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Biomedical subjects

M Billiard

Publications and source records attributed to M Billiard.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Twenty-four-hour recording in REM-narcoleptics with special reference to nocturnal sleep disruption.

Twenty narcoleptic patients and ten age-matched normals were polygraphically monitored for 58 consecutive hours. All subjects were on regimented sleep (hours between 2230 and 0700). Group A (11 patients and 10 normals) had enforced wakefulness during the day whereas Group B (9 patients) were permitted to sleep (mean = 2 1/2 hr.). On day 2, all subjects were permitted to sleep for 15-min periods every 2 hr. In narcoloptics, sleep recordings demonstrated a reduction of sleep latency, an increase of stage 1, and a decrease in stages 3 and 4 compared to normals, but total REM time and percentage of REM sleep were similar. Groups A and B showed no difference in the incidence of nocturnal awakenings. REM cyclic periodicity was larger in narcoleptics who also demonstrated a REM-sleep fragmentation. This fragmentation became more pronounced as time passed, with several shifts from REM to wakefulness and stage 1. Narcoleptics present REM onset sleep period but also show an inability to remain in REM sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Narcolepsy].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

[Secretion of gonadotropins during sleep. Changes during secondary amenorrheas].

4 females with secondary amenorrheas underwent sleep polygraphic recordings together with blood samples for measurements of LH, FSH and GH, 3 normal females served as controls. Among normal subjects LH and FSH secretion showed a pulsating pattern around the time of ovulation, appearing as secretory episodes throughout the night, without any relationship with sleep stages. In amenorrheas, 3 types of abnormalities could be identified: the first was a lack of secretory episodes of LH and FSH associated with an abnormal pattern of GH (9 subjects). The second was an hypersecretion of LH and a decrease of FSH secretion together with a normal secretion of GH in 4 subjects with a Stein-Leventhal syndrome. The last one was an hypersecretion of LH and FSH together with a normal pattern of GH in a subject with an early menopause. These results are discussed according to the present data on the part of neurotransmission in the regulation of ovulation and the 2 types of sleep. Furthermore secretory abnormalities of LH and FSH together with a disconnection between GH secretion and the stages of sleep lead to question the possibility of interrelationships in the secretory mechanisms of these different hormones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Altered states of consciousness in disorders of daytime sleepiness.

Patients with daytime sleepiness present altered states of consciousness. The occurrence of these states impairs their professional, social and familial activities and may threaten life itself. The automatic behavior syndrome is characterized by continuation of mechanical activity and complete amnesia. Episodes lasting from a few seconds to several hours are correlated with repetitive micro-sleep periods. During cataplectic attacks, patients may have a meshing of reality with hallucinatory dream contents. Sleep-induced apnea may lead to abnormal movement and abnormal ambulation during sleep as well as hallucinations in the early morning. These altered states of consciousness must be considered as diagnostic indexes in differentiating epileptic syndromes from syndromes of daytime sleepiness.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A menstruation-linked periodic hypersomnia. Kleine-Levin syndrome or new clinical entity?

A 13-year-old girl showed periodic episodes of somnolence without megaphagia recurring in association with each menstruation. During somnolent episodes total sleep time averaged 14 hours and 19 minutes per 24 hours. The level of performance evaluated by means of the Wilkinson Addition Test was significantly impaired. There was an abnormal increase of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid after probenecid test, suggesting an increase of the turnover of 5-hydroxytryptamine during periodic hypersomnia. Investigation of the menstrual cycle failed to document any striking hormonal abnormality. Nevertheless, the close relationship between the episodes of hypersomnia and the end of the menstrual cycle led us to hypothesize a role of progesterone and to try a hormonal type of treatment that is thus far successful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Secretions of GH, FSH and LH during sleep of the normal child and the child with retarded growth].

In normal children the major GH release begins during NREM sleep of first cycle. At puberty secretion of gonadotropins is enhanced and secretion of LH occurs with the same periodicity as the sleep cycles. Two groups of dwarfish are seen: the first lacks both GH secretion during sleep and the increase of gonadotropins at puberty. The second group exhibits GH, LH and FSH secretion patterns similar to normal children. Study of secretion patterns of GH, FSH and LH during sleep in children can document the degree of maturation of the hypothalamic pituitary hormonal system.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A polygraphic, haemodynamic and metabolic study of 2 cases of the "locked-in" syndrome (author's transl)].

The sleep-waking pattern, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolism have been studied in 2 cases of the "locked-in" syndrome, one traumatic, the other vascular in origin. Studies were performed in the third week in the first case and the seventh in the second. A lesion of the ventral pons was suggested clinically and neuroradiologically. The waking EEG was composed of alpha and theta activity. Different stages of slow wave sleep were diminished in quantity (NREM) as was paradoxical sleep (REM). The basal cerebral blood flow (CBF) was increased by 30 p. 100 compared to normals. Cerebral oxygen consumption was normal. The cerebral hyperaemia was evenly distributed and was associated with a failure of autoregulation. The vascular response to CO2 was normal, however. The E.E.G. findings, haemodynamic and metabolic studies confirmed a pontine lesion as the cause of the "locked-in" syndrome in contrast to akinetic mutism where the lesion is in the mid-brain.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Insomnia in bismuth encephalopathy (author's transl)].

Myoclonic encephatopathy caused by the insoluble salts of bismuth may be accompanied by a state of total insomnia. This insomnia has been confirmed by polygraphic recordings in 3 subjects. The recovery of sleep has a stereotyped course, with a step-wise reappearance over time of sucessive stages of NREM sleeps tarting with stage age I, and parallel re-establishment of REM sleep. Return to normal sleep lags behind clinical recovery. A pharmacological analysis with the phobenecid test was attempted in 2 of the 3 subjects. The results were the same in both as regards renewal of lumbar 5 HIAA, which paradoxically is not changed much; as regards the rate of lumbar HVA renewal, the results were quite different.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sleep organization by subjects in chronical post-traumatic inconscience (author's transl)].

Nine subjects who underwent a severe head traumatism with a brainstem dysfunction at the acute stage, were polygraphically recorded at the chronic stage under strict conditions of drug withdrawal and light-dark periods. Two groups of subjects were identified. The first one (5 subjects) showed normal NREM sleep and REM sleep morphologic patterns as well as a partly preserved architecture of sleep. The synchronisation of sleep with dark periods was lost in 4 out of 5 cases. In the second (4 subjects) NREM sleep morphologic patterns were lost and REM sleep was either uncertain or absent in 3 subjects. The synchronisation of sleep with dark periods was lost in 3 out of 4 cases. The morphologic alterations of sleep are connected with different types of encephalic lesions whereas the anomalies of the architecture of sleep and of its synchronisation with dark periods are referred to the numerous endogennous and exogenous stimuli undergone by these subjects. At the chronic stage of post-traumatic comas a 24-hour polygraphic recording supplies no definite information with regards to the prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sleep apneas and mental deterioration in the elderly subject (author's transl)].

24 subjects aged more than 65 years classified into 11 non deteriorated subjects and 13 mentally deteriorated subjects by means of tests of mental capacity. They underwent an all-night polygraphic recording including monitoring of respiration by thermistors, strain gauges and ear oximeter. Sleep apneas were detected in either group, but with a greater prevalence in the group of mentally deteriorated subjects. Furthermore significant negative correlations (1) were found between mental capacity and the mean apnea index (p less than .001) and between mental capacity and the total duration of apneas (p less than .01). These data emphasize the interest of all night polygraphic recordings coupled with the control of respiration in mentally deteriorated elderly subjects.

Aged↗