Biomedical subjects

M Bhatia

Publications and source records attributed to M Bhatia.

133 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Attitude and practices regarding diarrhoea in rural community in Chandigarh.

The present study on diarrhoea, its prevalence, practices and awareness of mothers was conducted in 120 randomly selected households in the rural area of Chandigarh during monsoons in 1996. Inspite of access to safe drinking water and latrines in 83% and 74% of the households in the village respectively, the prevalence rate of diarrhoea in 181 under five children was observed to be 23.2%. Majority (88.1%) of children had treatment for diarrhoea whereas only half (54.8%) of children were given oral rehydration solution. 86.7% of the mothers were aware of ORS but only 18.7% could tell the correct method of its preparation. A large number of respondents implicated a variety of food items responsible for diarrhoea and restricted them during the episodes.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Rehabilitation of cerebral palsy in a developing country: the need for comprehensive assessment.

Records of 100 children with cerebral palsy from rural India attending a cerebral palsy clinic were analysed to determine the frequency of associated handicaps and to evaluate whether appropriate intervention had been instituted for these handicaps. All the children underwent speech, hearing, psychological, ophthalmologic, neurological, physical, functional and orthopaedic evaluations on their visit to the clinic. History was elicited from the parents of the patients to identify which of the disabilities were recognized either by them or their primary care physician, and whether any intervention had been instituted. The mean age of the patients was 6.9 years. Eighty-two per cent of the children had one or more disabilities apart from locomotor disabilities, visual defects being the commonest (54%). Fifty-four per cent of the children had more than one associated disability. Although 43% of the patients had been referred by a primary care physician, one or more associated disabilities had not been recognized and epilepsy was the only associated problem that had been treated prior to the evaluation. The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive evaluation of all children with cerebral palsy to enable proper rehabilitation.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Talo-calcaneal relationship in clubfoot.

Talo-calcaneal angles were measured on anteroposterior, stress dorsiflexion, and plantarflexion lateral radiographs of 75 normal feet and 145 clubfeet. The talus and calcaneum from 15 normal fetal limbs were dissected without disturbing the subtalar capsule. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of these specimens were also obtained. The long axes of the ossific nuclei and the long axes of the cartilaginous anlagen of the bones were marked, and the talo-calcaneal angles were measured. The talo-calcaneal angles were lower in clubfeet than in normal feet, but there was considerable overlap in the ranges of normal and clubfeet for all the angles measured. The lateral talo-calcaneal angles in normal feet were higher in dorsiflexion than in plantarflexion, whereas the converse was true in clubfeet. The talo-calcaneal angles measured from the axes of the ossific nuclei of the fetal specimens were higher than those measured from the axes of the cartilaginous anlagen. Using logistic regression analysis, a mathematical model was made to predict the probability of correction of clubfeet. A lateral talo-calcaneal angle difference (between the stress dorsiflexion and plantarflexion angles) of 20 degrees suggests that there is a 93% probability that the hindfoot deformity of clubfoot has been adequately corrected. A talo-calcaneal angle of 30 degrees or a talo-calcaneal index of 40 degrees does not ensure correction of clubfoot. A decrease of the talo-calcaneal angle by up to 10 degrees occurs as the child grows because of the alteration of the shape of the ossific nucleus of the talus that occurs normally with growth.

Cadaver↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The utility of contrast-enhanced MRI in diagnosis of muscle injuries occult to conventional MRI.

PURPOSE: Our goal was to define the utility of contrast-enhanced MRI in the diagnosis of occult muscle injuries on T2 and STIR sequences. METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the pre- and postcontrast MR studies of four professional athletes with a clinical diagnosis of suspected muscle injuries. RESULTS: The four cases demonstrated muscle strain injuries not visualized on the conventional T2 and STIR sequences but visualized on the postcontrast MR studies as areas of localized enhancement. CONCLUSION: We recommend the intravenous administration of gadolinium in the setting of clinically suspected muscle injuries not visualized on T2 and STIR sequences.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Apoptosis of pancreatic acinar cells in acute pancreatitis: is it good or bad?

Acute pancreatitis is a disease of variable severity in which some patients experience mild, self-limited attacks while others manifest a severe, highly morbid, and frequently lethal attack. The events that regulate the severity of acute pancreatitis are, for the most part, unknown. Several recent studies have suggested that the acinar cell response to injury may be an important determinant of disease severity. In these studies, mild acute pancreatitis was found to be associated with extensive apoptotic acinar cell death while severe acute pancreatitis was found to involve extensive acinar cell necrosis but very little acinar cell apoptosis. These observations have led to the hypothesis that apoptosis might be a favorable response to acinar cell and that interventions which favor induction of apoptotic, as opposed to necrotic, acinar cell death might reduce the severity of an attack of acute pancreatitis. This review aims to discuss our current understanding of the contribution of acinar cell apoptosis to the severity of acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Critical illness polyneuropathy: how often do we diagnose it?

Neuromuscular weakness in critically ill patients is a diagnostic challenge. Critical illness polyneuropathy, an important cause of failure to wean from assisted ventilation is often missed due to lack of suspicion and initiative to undertake regular bedside neurological and electrophysiological examinations in critically ill patients. We report two cases who developed motor weakness while receiving mechanical ventilation in whom axonal neuropathy was diagnosed on electrophysiological studies, establishing a diagnosis of critical illness polyneuropathy. Both patients had evidence of sepsis and multiorgan failure. One case could be successfully weaned off and weakness improved while other succumbed to the underlying illness.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Widespread electromyographic abnormalities in patients with monomelic amyotrophy: a detailed EMG study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate subclinical electromyographic changes in unaffected muscles of the patients with monomelic amyotrophy (MMA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: 35 patients of MMA with single limb atrophy (30 patients with upper limb involvement and 5 patients with lower limb involvement) were studied at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Dellhi, from September 2000 to September 2002. All the patients were evaluated clinically, by detailed three limb electromyography (EMG) and by MRI scan of the spine to rule out other disorders. RESULTS: The mean age of 35 male patients was 24.17 (+/-6.8) years and the mean duration of illness was 3.64 (+/-2.7) years. Patients with upper limb involvement had segmental pattern of atrophy, predominantly distal or proximal. EMG revealed evidence of subclinical diffuse chronic reinnervative changes. All the patients (100%) had bilateral chronic reinnervative changes and 50% had chronic reinnervative changes in three limbs. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with clinically single limb MMA were found to have evidence of widespread chronic reinnervative changes on EMG.

Action Potentials↗