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Biomedical subjects

M Bernardino

Publications and source records attributed to M Bernardino.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

A comparison of iopromide with iopamidol and iohexol for contrast-enhanced computed tomography.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Iopromide is a new monomeric, nonionic contrast agent that exhibits low osmolality and low viscosity in high concentration in aqueous solutions. Double-blind, randomized clinical trials have established the efficacy, safety, and tolerance of iopromide for excretory urography, coronary angiography, routine and digital subtraction angiography, and phlebography. However, iopromide had not previously been evaluated in blinded clinical trials for contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). Thus, a double-blind, prospective randomized trial was performed to compare the efficacy, safety, adverse experience profile, and tolerance of iopromide to that of iopamidol and iohexol in patients requiring CECT of the head or body. METHODS: Of 190 patients entered into the study, 95 received iopromide and 95 received a comparator (iopamidol, n = 55; and iohexol, n = 40) at 300 mg I/mL. Efficacy, adverse experiences (AEs), and tolerance were measured, and a safety profile was obtained that monitored changes at 24 hours in physical examination, vital signs, hematologic profile, and blood chemistries. RESULTS: Efficacy was similar for all drugs with excellent/good visualization in 98.4% of studies. The total number of patients reporting AEs was equivalent (iopromide 13.8%, comparators 12.6%; P > .10). However, although 2.5% of patients in the iopromide and iopamidol groups had possibly related mild AEs, 15% receiving iohexol had related AEs, one of which was severe. Excellent tolerance was noted, with no patients reporting localized pain; there were low rates of mild to moderate warmth on injection (8.5% for iopromide versus 9.5% for comparators; P > .10). Safety profiles were comparable. Postprocedure, there were no significant changes or significant differences between groups, except for a significantly increased incidence of systolic blood pressure decrease by greater than 20 mm Hg at 24 hours in the comparator group. CONCLUSIONS: Iopromide has an efficacy, safety, and tolerance profile comparable to that of iopamidol and iohexol at 300 mg I/mL for head and body CECT. It may have a superior adverse experience profile to iohexol, but is similar to iopamidol. Thus, iopromide is a reasonable choice of nonionic contrast medium for all CECT procedures.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed1990

Pancreatic transplants: CT-guided biopsy.

With use of computed tomographic (CT) guidance, 10 biopsies of pancreatic allografts were performed in four patients to determine the cause of pancreatic dysfunction. All biopsies were performed with an 18-gauge biopsy needle and with use of a biopsy gun. On four occasions, simultaneous biopsies of the pancreatic head and tail were performed. In nine of the 10 biopsies, specimens obtained were adequate for diagnosis. In two of the four simultaneous procedures, important histologic differences were noted between specimens from the head and those from the tail of the allograft. No complications occurred. These findings demonstrate the ease, accuracy, and safety of CT-guided biopsies of pancreatic transplants with a biopsy gun. Simultaneous sampling of the pancreatic head and tail may provide important clinical information that may not be available when the usual cystoscopically guided biopsy of the pancreatic head is used.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1988

Abdominal composition quantified by computed tomography.

Abdominal composition was quantified from computed tomography (CT) scans of 96 clinically normal men and women aged 20-83 y. Measurements were taken of total and intraabdominal areas and of muscle, bone, and subcutaneous and intraabdominal adipose-tissue areas from each of six 8-mm-thick transverse slices from CT images of abdomen and pelvis. Men had a significantly greater percentage of intraabdominal adipose tissue than women and the percentage increased with age in each sex. Percentages of total abdominal area that were adipose tissue were significantly negatively correlated with percentages of muscle and bone in each sex. Ratios of total areas of abdominal slices to total areas of pelvic slices (analogous to waist:hip ratios) had significant positive correlations with the absolute and relative areas of intraabdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue for the abdomen in women but not in men. These ratios also had significant negative correlations with absolute and relative areas of muscle and bone in women.

Abdomen↗