Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Berglund

Publications and source records attributed to M Berglund.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Early and late improvement in a two-year out-patient alcoholic treatment programme.

The process of improvement was studied in a 2-year out-patient programme for alcoholics. The drop-out rate was 16%. The analysis was based on recurrent evaluations of treatment contracts including both drinking pattern and psycho-social treatment objectives. Background data were related to the alcohol adjustment during the first but not during the second year of treatment. Subjects with favourable background characteristics showed an early improvement of drinking pattern but few psycho-social changes. In contrast, subjects whose improvement in drinking behaviour occurred during the second year of treatment showed improvement in their psycho-social adjustment already during the first year. All subjects with an early stable improvement were type 1 alcoholics according to the Cloninger-Bohman typology while the majority of those who improved during the later part of the treatment period were type 2 alcoholics.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1986

Successful adjustment in alcoholism. Relationships between causes of improvement, personality, and social factors.

In a follow-up of 42 recovered male alcoholics two decades after their first admission to hospital, negative social consequences of abuse, changes in social circumstances, or social pressure to stop drinking were reported as the main causes of improvement by 70% of the subjects. Only 19% attributed their improvement mainly to treatment and 7% to Alcoholics Anonymous. Sixty percent of the subjects stated that treatment had been of importance. "Hitting bottom" or experiencing responsibility had been of importance for 60% of the subjects. Types of improvement-promoting factors were associated with personality characteristics (rated at first admission) and with the social situation and the age at the time of the improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Assaultive alcoholics 20 years later.

In a consecutive series of 257 alcoholics from an out-patient department 53 were judged as assaultive and 38 as suicidally inclined at the clinical examination 20 years ago. At the follow-up the assaultive alcoholics had a 3.3 times increased mortality rate, the suicidally inclined 1.9 times and the others 1.7 times compared with the general population. The assaultive alcoholics had an increased rate of suicides, intoxications and other alcohol-related deaths compared with other alcoholics. Repeated assaultive behaviour was uncommon. It is concluded that a skilled psychiatric evaluation of assaultive behaviour in alcoholism has an important predictive value.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Patient attitudes in short-term psychiatric care. Relations to social and psychiatric background, clinical symptoms, and treatment model.

The attitudes of patients were measured after 4 days and at discharge during two 4-month periods. The attitudes were related to ratings of symptoms, patient background, and type of treatment contract used (cooperation or staff-directed). The patients were generally satisfied with their treatment. A mere 7% disapproved of the general ward structure. The attitude data were subjected to a factor analysis and a 7-factor solution explaining 70% of the variance was found to be suitable. The factors were labelled Ward Structure, Key Worker, Nursing Care, Group Treatment, Psychopharmacological Treatment, Social Network, and Other Patients. A high level of satisfaction in the Ward Structure, Nursing Care, Psychopharmacological Treatment, and Other Patients factors was found to be related to a lower incidence of symptoms at discharge. The staff-contract group showed more favourable attitudes in the Nursing Care factor (both initially and at discharge) and the Psychopharmacological Treatment factor (only initially), while the cooperation-contract group did so in the Social Network factor. It is suggested that the two contract procedures resulted in the development of different kinds of interpersonal relationships during treatment, the cooperation group relying more on the social network, whereas the staff-contract group was more apt to rely on psychopharmacological treatment and on the nursing staff.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1985

Incidence of ulcerative colitis in Stockholm County 1955-1979.

The epidemiology of ulcerative colitis in Stockholm County over a 25-year period, 1955-79, was investigated. Only definite cases in accordance with specified acceptance criteria were included. There were 1274 cases--681 males and 593 females. The proportion of patients with proctitis, left-sided, and total extent of disease of diagnosis remained constant over the study period, as did the time interval between onset of symptoms and definite diagnosis. The peak incidence in relation to age increased slightly but remained in the 3rd and 4th decade through the study period. The incidence in men over 40 years old increased markedly towards the end of the study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Suicide in alcoholism. A prospective study of 88 suicides: I. The multidimensional diagnosis at first admission.

A series of 1,312 alcoholics admitted to the Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden, from 1949 through 1969, were followed up until Dec 31, 1980. Eighty-eight (16%) of a total of 537 deaths were officially registered as suicides. The conditions of all alcoholics were evaluated with a multidimensional diagnostic rating schedule at first admission. Alcoholics who later committed suicide had a higher rate of depressive and dysphoric symptoms and were more brittle and sensitive than the others, while the frequencies of cognitive impairment and delirium tremens were similar. Peptic ulcers were more frequent in the suicide group (21% v 7%). The ratings did not differentiate between those who committed suicide early or late after admission.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The use of treatment contracts in short-term psychiatric care.

Two different treatment contracts, one with and one without active patient cooperation were compared during two 4-month periods on a short-term psychiatric ward. Attitudes and symptoms were measured at admission after 5 days and at discharge by an independent rater and by self-ratings. The length of stay was similar during the two periods. Patients with cooperation contracts showed a significantly larger reduction of anxiety compared with the others. Patients benefitting most from a cooperation contract were those with socio-psychological treatment contract objectives and those treated in a basic activation group. It is concluded that treatment contracts with an active patient cooperation on a short-term psychiatric ward are useful especially for patients not primarily suitable for specific psychotherapy or specific psychopharmacological treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Mortality in alcoholics related to clinical state at first admission. A study of 537 deaths.

The Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Lund, is in possession of systematic clinical ratings from 1949 to 1969 based on a multi-dimensional diagnostic schedule. All 1312 first-admitted patients (120 women) from the county who were rated as "chronic alcohol intoxication" were followed up until 31 December, 1980. Of 537 deaths, 495 were male compared with an expected number of 198 in the general population standardized for age and sex (2.5 X), and 42 were female compared with eight expected (5.1 X). The frequency of liver cirrhosis as primary cause of death compared with that of the general mortality was 4.3 times more in men and 60 times more in women. Those who died from liver cirrhosis and alcohol-induced neoplasms were at first admission more often married and had a more continuous drinking pattern than the remaining alcoholics.

Accidents↗
PubMed1982

Reduction of blood flow in cerebral white matter in alcoholics related to hepatic function.

Fifty alcoholics with mean age of 45 years were examined with the intra-arterial 133Xenon method for measurement of regional cerebral blood flow and with EEG. The results were related to liver function tests. Reduced white matter blood flow correlated strongly with abnormal liver function tests. The highest correlation was with S-ASAT. Only weak correlations were found between gray matter flow, EEG and the liver function tests. It is suggested that the relationship between white matter flow reduction and liver function may be caused by the intensity of drinking prior to admission and possibly mediated by some still unknown hepatic mechanism or a direct effect of alcohol.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

EEG abnormalities in chronic alcoholism related to age.

EEG was studied in 50 chronic alcoholics (age 45 +/- 10 years). All EEGs were classified visually. In addition, a manual analysis from a fronto-central (F3-C3 of F4-C4) lead and a temporo-occipital (T5-O1 or T6-O2) lead was done in 42 cases to obtain the mean frequency of the 6-12 Hz band. The visual classification correlated well with the frequency analysis in the anterior (rs = -0.57, P less than 0.001) and in the posterior (rs = 0.61, P less than 0.001) leads and there was a high positive correlation between the frontal and occipital lead (r = 0.88, P less than 0.001). Half of the records were abnormal. There was a significantly higher proportion of abnormal EEGs in the youngest and oldest patient groups compared with the remainder. EEG-abnormality was significantly related to early start of abuse (before 25 years, P less than 0.05). The findings suggest that alcohol abuse in the teens or early twenties is accompanied by a considerably greater risk of brain damage than alcoholism beginning after 25. However, an alternative explanation, i.e. that the EEG abnormality may represent cerebral dysfunction predisposing to alcoholism is not excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Regional cerebral blood flow during alcohol withdrawal.

Serial bilateral measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by the xenon Xe 133 inhalation method were made during 13 withdrawal periods in 12 male alcoholics with pronounced physical dependence. A significant global reduction of rCBF was found during the first two days of withdrawal. The largest decreases were seen in cases with clouded sensorium and with an extended preceding drinking period. An rCBF distribution with relatively high temporal and low parietal flows during the first two days was coupled to aggravated symptoms. In two men who reported auditory and visual hallucinations during the measurements, elevated rCBF values were found in the temporal, Sylvian, and occipital regions.

Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium↗
PubMed1980

Regional cerebral blood flow in a case of amphetamine intoxication.

The regional cerebral blood flow (133Xe-inhalation method) was measured during acute amphetamine intoxication in a male 25 years old addict. During the study the patient displayed symptoms of paranoia and slight euphoria and tension. The flow level was found to be elevated by about 30% compared to a study in non-intoxicated state. The augmentation was most marked in the left hemisphere and in frontal regions (local increases up to 100%). The results confirm earlier findings in animal models and indicate the central role of frontal cortical structures in the production of psychotic symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Health insurance records in the course of alcoholism. A two-year follow-up study.

The Health Insurance Records of 32 male alcoholics were related to outcome after 2 years, with regard to drinking habits, self-esteem, social stability and Temperance Board registrations. The numbers of sickness benefit days were found significantly related to drinking habits (p less than 0.05), self esteem (p less than 0.01), social stability (p less than 0.01) and Temperance Board registrations (p less than 0.001). These levels of significance were generally higher than those between the outcome variables themselves. The number of sickness benefit days was superior to the incidence of sickness in describing the clinical course. Categorization according to the diagnoses did not increase the strength of the relationships with outcome variables. The number of sickness benefit days during the 5-year period prior to the first examination was significantly related to Temperance Board registrations (p less than 0.01) and social stability (p less than 0.05) during the follow-up period but not to drinking habits or self-esteem. No relationship was found between the number of sickness benefit days during this 5-year period and the follow-up period. It is concluded that Health Insurance Records are of use in follow-up studies on alcoholics.

Absenteeism↗