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Biomedical subjects

M Berger

Publications and source records attributed to M Berger.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Early failures of permanently implanted transvenous pacemaker systems: spontaneous recovery of sensing function in three of twelve cases.

An analysis of 12 early pacemaker failures in a series of 128 transvenous implants is reported. Spontaneous recovery, maintained during long-term follow-up of 3 patients with isolated transient sensing failure, suggested the possibility of a transient loss of sensing voltage amplitude, or slew rate (dv/dt), or both. Conservative management is frequently indicated in these cases. In 62 patients in whom a "tined" lead was used, there were no early pacemaker failures.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Two-dimensional echocardiographic findings in right-sided infective endocarditis.

M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms were recorded in 12 narcotic addicts who had right-sided infective endocarditis. The two-dimensional echocardiogram showed vegetations in 10 patients (nine tricuspid and one pulmonic), while the M-mode echocardiogram was positive in six (five tricuspid and one pulmonic). The use of multiple transducer positions resulted in better visualization of the valves and appeared to be an important reason for the large number of positive two-dimensional echocardiograms. Echocardiographic findings were also available after completion of antibiotic therapy in seven of 10 patients. Of these seven patients, the vegetation appeared unchanged in three, diminished in size in three and was no longer visualized in one. No patient required valve replacement. Two-dimensional echocardiography using a wide-angle sector scanner appears to offer distinct advantages over the standard M-mode technique in evaluating patients with right-sided infective endocarditis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in children: a report of thirteen cases and a review of the literature.

The clinical course and outcome of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) of variable etiology are not well defined in children. The present investigation reports on the clinical characteristics, the course and outcome, as well as the results of treatment of 13 children with apparent postinfectious RPGN. Three of 7 patients with documented streptococcal RPGN and 3 of 6 patients with RPGN of nonstreptococcal etiology progressed to chronic renal failure. In some patients, anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy appear to have improved survival. The severity of crescent formation, not the presumable etiology, appears to be a reliable prognosticator.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Starvation induces a partial failure of triiodothyronie to inhibit the thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

During starvation the response of TSH to TRH decreases in many subjects. This could be due to an increased sensitivity to TSH secretion to circulating thyroid hormones. To study this hypothesis, 13 subjects were starved twice for 2-day periods. After both starvation periods, a standard TRH test (200 micrograms TRH, iv) was performed; during 1 starvation period 15 micrograms T3 were injected iv 24 h before the TRH test. The TRH tests were also performed while on normal nourishment, once without pretreatment and once 24 h after the iv injection of 15 micrograms T3. The spontaneous decrease of the TSH response to TRH was seen in 10 of 13 subjects. In these 10 subjects it decreased from 18.0 +/- 1.9 to 9.7 +/- 1.2 microU/ml (mean +/- SEM; P < 0.001). The additional inhibition of the TRH test with T3 was small compared with the one observed under normal conditions. In starvation, T3 decreased the maximal TSH response from 9.7 +/- 1.2 to 8.4 +/- 1 microU/ml (P = NS), while during the control period the maximal TSH response fell from 18.0 +/- 1.9 to 11.4 +/- 1.3 microU/ml (P < 0.001). These data indicate a diminished effectiveness of T3 in inhibiting TSH secretion and are consistent with the hypothesis of a more generalized resistance of target organs to T3 during starvation in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Interrelationships between energy metabolism and thyroid hormone metabolism during starvation in the rat.

Thyroid hormone metabolism and plasma concentrations of TSH were studied after short-term hypocaloric refeeding of rats starved for 2-6 days. Carbohydrate and protein (10 kcal) refeeding after 4 days of starvation resulted in a rapid increase in serum T3 (P less than 0.01) and, less consistently of T4. Plasma TSH did not change. These findings were not due to changes in the metabolic clearance rates or in thyroid hormone binding proteins, as the disappearance of injected labelled T3 and T4, and the free fractions of T3 and T4, were unchanged. Increased thyroidal secretion, and for T3, increased peripheral conversion from T4 were therefore responsible for these changes. Fat refeeding had no immediate effect on plasma T4, T3 or TSH. After 6 days of starvation, refeeding of any nutrient was ineffective in altering the plasma concentrations of T3 and T4. The intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide (100 mg/100 g body weight) to starving animals caused an increase in blood glucose and a decrease in blood beta-hydroxybutyrate similar to that which followed carbohydrate refeeding; T3, however, did not increase. In spite of producing a profile of substrates in the serum similar to that found following carbohydrate refeeding, nicotinamide administration had no effect on the blood lactate/pyruvate ratio which was increased following carbohydrate refeeding. Therefore, the cytoplasmic redox state, as reflected by the lactate/pyruvate ratio, may be closely related to the control of peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Ontogeny of pituitary gonadotrophin hormone activity and of testicular responsiveness to gonadotrophins in foetal rabbit.

Synthesis and secretion of T and DHT by 18, 19 and 20 day old foetal rabbit testes were measured (RIA) in an organ culture system (M199). It was demonstrated that synthesis and secretion in vitro of T and DHT were greater at 19 and 20 days than at 18 days. The T and DHT production could be stimulated by ovine LH at 19 and 20 days but not at 18 days. The pituitaries of 19 and 20 day old male and female foetuses (but not those of foetuses aged 18 days) stimulate synthesis and secretion of T by 20 day old testis. A gonadotrophic factor, active on testicular T production, is present in the pituitary gland of 19 day old foetuses of both sexes. These findings indicate that the testicular responsiveness to LH and to the pituitary appears concomitantly with the pituitary gonadotrophic activity, between 19 and 20 days, just prior to the beginning of male sexual differentiation (20-25 days).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The effect of aprotinin on the absorption of subcutaneously injected regular insulin in normal subjects.

The effect of aprotinin on the absorption of regular insulin was assessed in normal man. Ten units of Actrapid insulin were subcutaneously injected together with 1.4 mg aprotinin (i.e., 0.5 ml of Trasylol) or an equivalent volume of physiologic saline (controls) into the thighs of overnight-fasted normal subjects. Aprotinin caused an increase in the rate of insulin entry into the circulation; the absolute amount of insulin that was detected in the circulation during the course of the experiment was also higher. In addition, the onset of the hypoglycemic action of exogenous insulin was significantly accelerated when insulin was administered together with aprotinin. These data suggest that aprotinin increases the absorption rate of subcutaneously injected insulin from its depot into the circulation, possibly by an inhibition of the local degradation of exogenous insulin at the injection site.

Absorption↗
PubMed1980

[Effects of social deprivation from birth or weaning on the development of the genital tract, on plasma testosterone, and on fertility in the male mouse].

Male mice were placed in one of the following 5 types of rearing conditions: group I: 3 males and 3 females in cohabitation from birth to sacrifice; group II: without littermates from birth to sacrifice; group III: isolated from weaning to sacrifice; groups IV, V: males of groups II, III placed in cohabitation with 5 mature females, from 40 to 90 days. All animals were weaned at 20 days and sacrificed from 20 to 90 days. Plasma testosterone was radioimmunologically determined. Male mice reared in various types of social deprivation showed transient or definitive modifications in body, testicular and seminal vesicle weights as well as in plasma testosterone. Fertility was not affected. Mechanisms of these modifications are unknown.

Aging↗
PubMed1980

Long-term therapy of hereditary angioedema with danazol.

We treated 69 patients who had hereditary angioedema with danazol to alleviate attacks of mucocutaneous angioedema involving the skin, oropharynx, and gastrointestinal tract, and we documented the continued efficacy of danazol for long-term treatment (1 to 6 years) of hereditary angioedema. Significant dose-related, adverse reactions occurred, including weight gain, myalgias, headaches, microscopic hematuria, abnormal liver function tests, anxiety, altered libido, alopecia, dizziness, and nausea. Alterations in menstrual function were consistently observed. About 10% of patients noted masculinizing side effects, such as acne, hirsutism, and voice deepening. We recommend downward titration of danazol dosage to achieve control of attacks and minimize adverse reactions. Periodic monitoring of patients on long-term danazol therapy is essential to avoid undesirable toxicity.

Angioedema↗
PubMed1980

[Effects of the absence of females on the sexual maturation of male mice].

Male mice were assigned to two groups. Group I: 3 males and 3 females in cohabitation from birth to sacrifice. Group II: litters of 6 males placed, after weaning, in a female-free room. 15-20 animals of each group were sacrificed from 30 to 90 days. Sexual maturation, characterized by testicular and seminal vesicle growth and by plasma testosterone levels, followed a similar pattern in both groups. Only minor difference were observed. These findngs suggest that female stimuli are not a necessary factor of sexual maturation in male mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Physical exercise in the diabetic. The importance of understanding endocrine and metabolic responses (author's transl)].

During physical activity in normals, metabolic control is well regulated despite major changes in metabolic fuels, glucose and non esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Release of NEFA from adipose tissue is stimulated by a decrease of insulin and blood glucose as well as by an increase of growth hormone, catecholamines and adrenergic stimulation. The increase in glucose utilisation by muscle during physical activity is balanced by an increase in glucose production by the liver. This hepatic glucose production is due to glycogenolysis (beginning of exercise) and by gluconeogenesis (later in time). The metabolic pathways are favoured by decreased insulin and blood glucose levels induced by physical activity and by increased levels of epinephrine, cortisol and glucagon. On the other hand in insulin-dependent diabetics, these compensatory mechanisms might be seriously unbalanced because of non physiologic insulin levels. In well controlled diabetics, moderate physical activity induces the same changes in energetic fuels as in normal controls. When a diabetic exercises after insulin injection, the levels of circulating insulin are always higher than in non-diabetics where blood insulin levels decrease. In diabetics on insulin this supra-normal level of insulin during physical activity decreases hepatic glucose production and increases peripheral glucose uptake with a resultant tendency to hypoglycemia. On the other hand, in poorly controlled diabetics, physical activity can induce a rise in blood glucose. Increased hepatic glucose output, decreased peripheral utilisation of glucose and increased growth hormone, glucagon, epinephrine and cortisol levels might even lead to development of ketosis. Physical activity can disturb the stability of diabetes when insulin levels are either too low or too high leading to high and low blood glucose responses respectively. The benefit of physical activity in the diabetic will therefore depend upon the degree of diabetes control; ideal control is not always easy to obtain or to maintain. Thus, to derive maximum benefit to health both the diabetic and the physician should clearly understand how to adapt treatment to physical activity (prevention of hypoglycemia, change in insulin doses, etc.).

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1980

[Eczematoid dermo-epidermitis].

A methodic study of 50 cases, had to the discussion of a real clinical well established entity. The lesions start from an initial site, located on the inferior limbs in 2/3rd of the cases; then within a variable period of time extend larger and larger by proliferating in numerous patches. These lesions present as polymorphic, erythemato-squamous or oozing. They often evolve towards recurrence. The disease is more frequently encountered among 50-year-old men. Several factors contribute to the onset of the lesions: chronic alcoholism--lack of sanitary conditions--microbial background--stasis--overweight. A disturbed system of cutaneous protection and a lack of immune defences versus an antigen, probably a bacteria, are at the origin of the pathogenesis of these disorders. Considering the treatment, we wish to underline the benefit of local coal tar applications.

Adult↗