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Biomedical subjects

M Berger

Publications and source records attributed to M Berger.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Obesity and hypertension: epidemiology, mechanisms, treatment.

There is a close epidemiological association between obesity and elevated blood pressure for all age groups, although not every obese individual becomes hypertensive. In populations without age-related increases in body weight, an elevation of blood pressure with age is not seen. Mechanisms included in the development of hypertension in obesity are hyperinsulinemia, insulin induced sodium retention and increased sympathetic tone. Overnutrition with over intake of sodium and lack of physical exercise contribute to the metabolic syndrome of obesity. Thus, weight reduction by decreased energy uptake and increased physical exercise is recommended in the treatment of hypertension in obese patients. The resulting fall in insulin levels may lead to decreased sodium absorption in the kidney. Although treatment of obesity by weight loss decreases blood pressure substantially, a minority of patients do not respond to the weight loss. Blood pressure generally decreases before normal weight is achieved. Salt intake reduction does not appear to explain why weight reduction lowers blood pressure. Reduced levels of plasma renin activity, serum aldosterone levels, catecholamine levels and serum insulin levels may be involved in the blood pressure lowering associated with weight loss. Since the risk of cardiovascular disease in the hypertensive patient is not only determined by the blood pressure, an overall treatment which aims at reduction of other risk factors such as glucose intolerance and hyperlipoproteinemia is advocated. Thus, in any obese hypertensive patient normalization of excess body weight and increased physical activity appears to be the first and most important step of any rational therapeutic strategy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of thioctic acid (alpha-limpoic acid) on the chemotherapeutic efficacy of cyclophosphamide and vincristine sulfate].

Pretreatment with thioctic acid has no negative influence on the chemotherapeutic efficacy of cyclophosphamide against i.p. transplanted Yoshida sarcoma and vincristine sulfate against i.p. transplanted Walker carcinosarcoma 256. The toxic side effects of vincristine sulfate are lowered to such a degree that an increase results in median survival time compared to animals treated only with vincristine sulfate. A diminution of the toxic side effects of cyclophosphamide due to adjuvant treatment with thioctic acid could not be proven.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Experiments on the influence of combined application of N-methylnitrosourea and 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene in female Sprague-Dawley rats.

In a syncarcinogenesis experiment 144 female Sprague-Dawley rats were given combinations of 0, 5, 15 of 30 mg/kg methylnitrosourea intravenously and 0, 10, 30 of 60 mg/kg 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene perorally. Despite identical organotropism of both compounds an increased carcinogenic effect was observed in the low dose range only where as the high doses of methylnitrosourea inhibited the manifestation of tumors after 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1983

Native C3 does not bind to the C3b receptor (CR1) of human blood B lymphocytes or alter immunoglobulin synthesis.

Complement receptors on lymphocytes were first described more than 12 yr ago (1-3) and have come to be used as a common marker for the identification of B cells (4). The function of these receptors on the lymphocyte and their possible role in induction and/or regulation of the immune response remain unclear. In particular, there continues to be controversy as to whether native C3 can bind to the C3b receptor of these cells without cleavage to C3b (5-10). The resolution of this question is critical in order to clarify the expected state of availability of the receptor in vivo, because in plasma, the C3 concentration is relatively high (1.1 to 1.5 mg/ml), whereas there is little or no circulating C3b due to efficient degradation by factor H and the C3-inactivator (11). With the recent development of an improved method for the isolation of C3 from human plasma, it has been possible to obtain biochemically and functionally pure C3 that has not undergone structural or conformational alteration during processing and fully retains the specific hemolytic activity of C3 in fresh serum (12). Berger et al. (13) were able to demonstrate that C3 prepared in this way failed to bind to the C3b receptor of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes or erythrocytes. Similar observations were made by Schreiber et al. (14), also with phagocytic cells and erythrocytes, and by Dixit et al. (15) with an isolated membrane receptor preparation from rabbit macrophages. In the present communication, we extend these observations to human peripheral blood B lymphocytes. Purified C3 in its native state fails to block B lymphocyte-EA (IgM) C4b3b rosettes, whereas C3b causes 50% inhibition at 5 to 6 micrograms/ml. Furthermore, C3 failed to alter polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) production by human B cells, whereas C3b inhibited this B cell function. These data suggest that native C3 does not bind to the C3b receptors of B lymphocytes, and thus they are not occupied under normal conditions in vivo.

Antibody-Producing Cells↗
PubMed1983

Diet and pump-treated diabetes: a long-term follow-up.

Long-term effects of a liberalized diabetes diet without meal-planning and food-exchange were investigated in lean type-I diabetic patients treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Food intake, body weight, HbA1c levels and serum lipids were recorded during conventional s.c. insulin injection treatment (CIT) and after 1 month or 14 months of CSII, respectively. During CSII plus liberalized diet, metabolic control improved significantly (compared to previous CIT plus conventional diet) as indicated by a decrease of HbA1c from 9.5% to 7.9% (p less than 0.005). Serum lipids remained unchanged. Body weight did not change significantly during CSII plus liberalized diet; mean body mass index increased from 21.5 to 22.4 kg/m2 (CIT vs. CSII, n.s.). During CSII, eating habits were similar to those of the general West Germany population regarding the number of meals and the nutrients composition. We conclude that during CSII, meal-planning and food-exchange that during CSII, meal-planning and food-exchange can be omitted provided the patients maintain (near-) normoglycaemia by appropriately adjusting the s.c. insulin delivery. Lean type-I diabetics on CSII do not require specific restrictions as to their caloric intake in order to prevent weight gain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Lumbar spinal and epidural anesthesia for vascular surgery].

From 1979-1981, a total of 355 high risk patients were scheduled for vascular surgery under lumbar spinal or epidural anaesthesia. 201 patients were given spinal anaesthesia and 140 patients continuous epidural anaesthesia. 14 patients had punction failure. The analgesia for vascular surgery on the lower extremities done under spinal anaesthesia was adequate in 193 patients (98%) and insufficient in only 4 patients (2%). Epidural anaesthesia was adequate for 117 patients (96%) and insufficient in 5 (4%). The analgesia for vascular surgery on lower abdomen done under spinal anaesthesia was adequate in 9 patients (64%) and insufficient in 5 patients (36%), epidural anaesthesia, being adequate for 31 patients (65%) and insufficient for 17 patients (35%). Lumbar spinal and epidural anaesthesia are therefore alternative methods to general anaesthesia for high risk patients undergoing vascular surgery, especially on lower extremities. Spinal anaesthesia offers reliable surgical analgesia and good muscle relaxation but it is limited in time. Continuous epidural anaesthesia on the other hand does guarantee unlimited operating time and provides pre- and postoperative pain relief.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Integrative therapy concept in inpatient treatment of sex offenders].

First a number of aspects are mentioned that should be given special attention in the treatment of sex offenders. This is followed by a review of those treatment studies in which therapy was primarily either psychoanalytic or behavioral and which included a relatively large number of patients. Since the authors of the present study found that either a given treatment approach was indicated for a very limited group of patients only or the long-term outcome was poor, they developed an integrative approach for inpatient treatment of sex offenders. This approach includes behavior therapy, psychoanalytically oriented therapy and social therapy. The procedures are described briefly and the role of each is in the overall therapeutic concept pointed out.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1982

[Raised plasma glucagon levels in obesity (author's transl)].

Plasma glucagon levels were measured in 129 grossly obese patients with 77 +/- 29% excess weight according to Broca. A significantly raised basal glucagon level (179 +/- 7 pg/ml) was found when compared with normal weight controls (109 +/- 7 pg/ml). Weight reduction of 9.1 +/- 3.8 kg with reduction of glucose-stimulated hyperinsulinaemia from 97 +/- 12 microU/ml to 62 +/- 6 microU/ml had no influence on hyperglucagonaemia. A subgroup of obese patients with hypertriglyceridaemia (270 +/- 24 mg/dl) and glucose intolerance had particularly high plasma glucagon levels (198 +/- 12 pg/ml). It seems that these patients have a resistance to glucagon in addition to a marked insulin resistance.

Adult↗