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Biomedical subjects

M Bell

Publications and source records attributed to M Bell.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The effect of low mucosal pH on sodium and chloride movement across the isolated rumen mucosa of sheep.

Isolated sheets of sheep rumen mucosa were studied in vitro by using the Ussing chamber technique. The pH of the mucosal solution was altered by adding HCl. Using 22Na and 36Cl unidirectional fluxes of sodium and chloride were measured across the short-circuited and voltage-clamped rumen mucosa at mucosal pH 7.4 and 5.5. Lowering mucosal pH to 5.5 caused a rapid decline in the short-circuit current (Isc). The conductance (Gt) increased about 10 min after the drop in Isc. At pH 5.5, mucosal-to-serosal movement of Na+ and Cl- was decreased thus leading to a decreased net transport. These alterations were seen 30 min after mucosal acidification. They were intensified 120 min thereafter. Further studies showed that a clamped transmural potential difference (20 mV) influenced Na+ and Cl- transport only slightly more in acidified epithelia. Light and electron microscopy showed a swelling of the cells and especially of their mitochondria after acid exposure. These data indicate that lowering mucosal pH causes alterations in transepithelial Na+ and Cl- transport. We suggest a predominant effect on cellular transport mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

An intronic region within the human factor VIII gene is duplicated within Xq28 and is homologous to the polymorphic locus DXS115 (767).

The genomic sequences recognized by the anonymous probe 767 (DXS115) are localized to two sites within Xq28. One site lies within intron 22 of the factor VIII gene (FBC). Physical mapping suggests that the second site lies within 1.2 megabases of the F8C gene. The RFLPs detected by 767 are located within the second site. Genetic data suggest that F8C and DXS115 are tightly linked (theta max = .04; Zmax = 8.30). Recombination events in meioses informative for DXS52 (St14), DXS115, and F8C suggest that DXS115 and F8C lie distal to DXS52.

Chromosome Deletion↗
PubMed1988

Do object relations deficits distinguish BPD from other diagnostic groups?

Two independent samples that met DSM-III criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD) were found to have similar patterns of object relations deficits as measured by group means and percentage of high scoring subjects on the four subscales of the Bell Objects Relation (OR) Inventory. Statistical comparison of the composite BPD group with affective, schizoaffective, and schizophrenic groups revealed that the pattern of OR deficits in BPD was significantly different from each of the other diagnostic groups. On the basis of scores from the Alienation subscale alone, BPD subjects could be distinguished from the other diagnostic groups with 77-82% predictive accuracy. The role of object relations deficits in BPD is discussed, along with potential contributions of the Bell OR Inventory to diagnostic efficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Mild and severe muscular dystrophy associated with deletions in Xp21 of the human X chromosome.

We have analysed over 300 patients suffering from Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD or BMD). Deletions have been characterised which encompass either the pERT87 (DXS164) locus only, the XJ1.1 (DXS206) and HIP25 loci only, or all three loci. These loci have been shown to lie within the DMD region covering several hundred kilobases (kb) of DNA. One mildly affected BMD patient possesses a deletion of at least 110 kb including exons of the DMD gene. Other patients with similar exon deletions, or smaller deletions, show the more severe phenotype typical of DMD. We conclude from these studies that the severity of the clinical phenotype cannot be explained on the basis of the size of the deletion. We discuss this in the context of candidate gene sequences.

Chromosome Deletion↗
PubMed1988

Linkage studies in a large fragile X family.

We have analyzed the segregation of five loci in the region Xq27/28 in a large family affected by the fragile X syndrome. The marker DXS115 (767) is shown to be polymorphic with the enzyme PstI, as well as with BstXI. This marker will be useful in the analysis of both fragile X and haemophilia A families. The data presented here are consistent with the following order of loci: Xcen-F9-DXS105(cX55.7,55E)-DXS98(4D-8)- FRAXA-DXS52(St14)-DXS115(767)-qter.

DNA Probes↗
PubMed1987

Object relations ego deficits in bulimic college women.

Two types of bulimic (purging and restricting) and two types of non-bulimic (binging or normal) eating patterns were reported by 547 undergraduate women who also were assessed for ego function deficits on the four subscales of the Bell Object Relations Inventory. As predicted by psychoanalytic theory, the two bulimic subgroups appeared significantly more pathological on the Insecure Attachment subscale, which identifies ambivalent interpersonal relations and fear of object loss. When the four groups were ranked according to severity of type of eating disorder, a linear increase in group means and in the proportion of high scoring subjects was found on Insecure Attachment and also on the Egocentricity subscale, which indicates suspicious and manipulative attitudes toward others. Results are interpreted to support theories that relate eating disorders to disturbances in object relations ego functioning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Physical mapping studies on the human X chromosome in the region Xq27-Xqter.

We have characterized three terminal deletions of the long arm of the X chromosome. Southern analysis using Xq27/q28 probes suggests that two of the deletions have breakpoints near the fragile site at Xq27.3. Flow karyotype analysis provides an estimate of 12 X 10(6) bp for the size of the deleted region. We have not detected the deletion breakpoints by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using the closet DNA probes, proximal to the fragile site. The physical distance between the breakpoints and the probes may therefore be several hundred kilobases. The use of the deletion patients has allowed a preliminary physical map of Xq27/28 to be constructed. Our data suggest that the closest probes to the fragile site on the proximal side are 4D-8 (DXS98), cX55.7 (DXS105), and cX33.2 (DXS152). PFGE studies provide evidence for the physical linkage of 4D-8, cX55.7, and cX33.2. We have also found evidence for the physical linkage of F8C, G6PD, and 767 (DXS115), distal to the fragile site.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1987

A lofty job.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1987

Acute laryngeal obstruction in a patient with chronic bronchitis.

An unusual case of acute respiratory obstruction due to a laryngeal cyst is described. The mixed inspiratory and expiratory nature of this obstruction is discussed, and its implications for diagnosis and anaesthetic management. Alternative forms of management, especially those of transtracheal insufflation and transtracheal ventilation, and their possible complications are considered.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

A scale for the assessment of object relations: reliability, validity, and factorial invariance.

Factor analysis of the Bell Object Relations Inventory items produced four subscales interpreted to be underlying dimensions of object relations. Replication factor analysis confirmed the factor structure. Subscales had high internal consistency and were free of age, sex, or social desirability response bias. Subscales had low intercorrelations with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) sum scores, Global Assessment Scale scores, and most BPRS symptoms. Subscales appear to represent common features of personality and to sample a domain that is distinct from symptomatology, but related to variations in psychopathology. Percentage of high scoring subjects and subscale mean values are compared for seven criterion groups. High scores were least frequent among community active adults and most frequent among borderlines. Selected findings from the group comparisons are discussed to illustrate the potential of the instrument for empirical examination of theoretical assumptions about the object relations ego function and its components.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of a thromboxane antagonist (BM 13.177) during endotoxin-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in sheep.

We investigated the effect of a thromboxane antagonist, BM 13.177, during endotoxin-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in sheep. In control animals intravenous E-coli endotoxin (1 microgram/kg) caused a transient increase of pulmonary artery and airway pressure paralleled by large concentration increases of TXB2: in comparison peak plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (a prostacyclin metabolite) were small and delayed in time. Pre-treatment with BM 13.177 (bolus 5 mg/kg), followed by 0.75 mg/kg/min intravenously) abolished the rise of pulmonary artery and airway pressure. Plasma concentrations of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were similar to controls. These and previous investigations imply that BM 13.177 specifically antagonizes TXA2 on the putative receptor in pulmonary vascular and airway smooth muscle.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1986

[Isoflurane in pediatric anesthesia].

Seventy patients 1-10 years of age were submitted to isoflurane (I) or halothane (H) anaesthesia (O2:N2O = 1:3); H was used as a reference substance. Under I anaesthesia, haemodynamic parameters proved to be well preserved. While the pulse rate under I increased significantly, the diastolic pressure decreased as a result of peripheral vascular dilatation. Baroceptor reflexes seemed to function more properly under the effect of I. Spontaneous respiration was definitely depressed by I. Respiratory rate, minute volume, end-expiratory CO2 and pCO2 values indicated CO2 accumulation. Younger children breathing spontaneously were subject to airway problems in I more than in H anaesthesia by decreasing negative occlusion pressures. Increasing doses of vecuronium bromide (5, 10, 15 and 70 micrograms/kg body wt.) accomplished muscular relaxation of various degrees, as tested by the train-of-four (TOF) method. The use of I in two age groups resulted in faster onset, more profound muscular relaxation, and longer duration in comparison with H; these results were statistically significant.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Long-term survival following cancer of the male breast in Northern Ireland. A report of 81 cases.

Eighty-one patients with cancer of the male breast were studied. The majority (79) presented with a mass in the breast and in 8 patients the tumor was found by chance. Two patients presented with serosanguinous discharge. Average duration of symptoms was 11.9 months. Thirty patients had Stage I, 25 had Stage II, 16 had Stage III, and 8 had Stage IV disease. Fifty-three patients had simple mastectomy, nine had lumpectomy, six had radical mastectomy, and five had biopsy only. Eight had no local surgery. Overall 5- and 10-year survival allowing for all causes of death was 38% and 17%, respectively. Cox's (1972) proportional hazard regression model was used to assess the contribution of various factors to survival. Age at presentation, postoperative hormone therapy, postoperative radiotherapy, site of the primary tumor within the breast, and type of local surgery did not contribute to survival. Only the stage of disease contributed to survival and did so in the expected direction.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of artificial light sources and lighting programmes for laying hens on long ahemeral light cycles.

Three lighting treatments were given to laying hens, for which the bright and dim light of 28-h ahemeral light cycles was provided by incandescent (tungsten filament) lamps only or by combinations of tubular fluorescent or compact gas-discharge lamps with incandescent lamps. There were no differences in entrainment (the proportion of eggs laid in 4, 6 or 8 h modal periods) between the three bright:dim treatments. A fourth ahemeral lighting treatment in which the dim lights were extinguished except during a designated work period (09.00 h to 12.00 h daily) was termed bright:dim:dark. Hens given the bright:dim:dark treatment showed an increased entrainment compared with the three bright:dim light treatments. There were no differences (P greater than 0.05) in egg numbers or mean egg weight between all 4 lighting treatments. Birds given the bright:dim:dark treatment tended to have a lower (P greater than 0.05) food intake compared to the three bright:dim treatments.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of hyperglycemia and its prevention by insulin treatment on the incorporation of 32P into polyphosphoinositides and other phospholipids in peripheral nerve of the streptozotocin diabetic rat.

The influence of varying doses of streptozotocin and preventive insulin treatment on phospholipid metabolism in sciatic nerve in vitro from diabetic rats was studied. Animals were given 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg injections of streptozotocin and 10 weeks later nerves were removed and incubated in the presence of [32P]-orthophosphate. The quantity of isotope incorporated into phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) was progressively greater with increasing drug dosage, whereas uptake of label into other phospholipids was unchanged. Rats were made diabetic and within 72 h were implanted with long-acting, insulin-containing osmotic minipumps and the incorporation of [32P]orthophosphate into phospholipids of intact and epineurium-free nerves was examined 8 weeks later. For whole nerve, increased labeling in nerves from diabetic animals occurred only in PIP2 and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PIP) and was completely prevented by insulin treatment. Isotope incorporation into polyphosphoinositides was also markedly elevated (greater than or equal to 100%) in desheathed diabetic nerves, but not in nerves from insulin-treated animals. Other phospholipids in epineurium-free nerves displayed some rise in isotope uptake, but the increases were not prevented by insulin treatment and appeared unrelated to hyperglycemia. Morphological examination of nerves extended previous findings that prolonged insulin treatment produces axonal degeneration. These observations indicate that abnormal nerve polyphosphoinositide metabolism is at least in part a consequence of hyperglycemia. The metabolic alterations may be intimately involved in reduced nerve conduction velocity, which is characteristic of diabetic neuropathy.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Patient flow patterns in a recovery room and implications for staffing.

A detailed analysis of the occupancy of a new recovery room in a small district general hospital was undertaken during the initial three months of its use. The main problems were found to be irregular workload, consistently high patient occupancy over lunchtime, and difficulty in matching traditional nursing shifts to periods of heavy workload.

Bed Occupancy↗