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Biomedical subjects

M Bazzocchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Bazzocchi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Radiological anatomy of the kidney revisited.

In recent years some structures or features such as the "inter-renuncular septum", the "echogenic triangle" and the "echogenic line" have been described to support the concept of a kidney resulting from the fusion of two masses or renunculi. To clarify this concept and to understand the meaning of the above echographic features better, the authors have examined prospectively by sonography the kidneys of 50 children, 200 adults with a single collecting system, 25 adults with a duplicated collecting system and 32 cadavers. Furthermore, to help explain the sonographic features, we have examined 32 cadaver kidneys with sonography and 10 cadaver kidneys with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The sonographic, MRI and anatomical correlations have shown that the "echogenic triangle" and the "echogenic line" are not renuncular residuals, but simply an extension of the hilar fat visible when the renal sinus is rather deep. The intermediate cortical mass is not a septum dividing the kidney into an upper and lower renunculus, but a column of parenchymal tissue crossing the renal sinus, which, from an anatomical point of view, is an accessory renal lobe. The presence of two renunculi, suggested in a previous study with cortical nephrotomography, has not been confirmed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Radiourology].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1990

[Echography and cytology in the study of spreading pathology of the salivary glands].

The contribution of the combined use of US and cytology is evaluated in the diagnosis of masses in the salivary glands and adjacent structures. US had 87.2% sensitivity in locating the mass; its accuracy in defining both physical structure and benign/malignant nature of the lesion was 91% and 74%, respectively. Thus US, after demonstrating a lesion, does not always allow the exact definition of its characteristic. In many of these cases, other imaging modalities do not help either. In our series of cases, cytology allowed an unquestionable diagnosis to be made in 87.2% of cases, and the combined use of US and cytology rose the figure to 97%. The only limitation is the evaluation of the deep extent of large masses: in such cases CT or, if available, MR imaging are recommended.

Cytodiagnosis↗
PubMed1990

[Simplified urographic technique using non-ionic contrast media].

Urography is not to be performed following a standard procedure. However, some key-films can be defined which are to be routinely employed. If needed, additional radiographs can be performed. We tried to optimize the urographic technique combining low X-ray exposure and adequate diagnostic assessment with the injection of 17.5 gI of a non-ionic agent. Two groups of 50 patients each were investigated. In the former, the technique we currently employ in our Institute was used: plain film, 2 nephrotomograms (1'), full-length view (7'), kidney view with ureteral compression (15'), and full-length or bladder view (20'). In the latter group, a more simplified technique was used: plain film, 2 nephrotomograms (1'), kidney view (7'), and full-length view (15'). A compression device was positioned immediately before contrast medium injection and released immediately before the 15-minute exposure. Both urographic techniques allowed high scores to be reached (after the Kelsey Fry method), with no significant differences among the evaluated parameters. Thus, the technique employed on the second group is to be preferred, because it shortens examination time and reduces X-ray exposure. However, a simplified technique increases the radiologist's responsibility: it is thus essential for an experienced uroradiologist to accurately supervise the procedure and immediately decide what to do next.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[High-risk focal breast lesions in echography and mammography].

Proliferative breast diseases include a group of lesions which occupy an intermediate position between benign and malignant lesions and are extremely likely to develop into carcinomas. The authors studied 81 patients who had been surgically biopsied on the basis of mammographic and/or US findings. In 33/81 (40.7%) of them proliferative lesions were diagnosed at histology. Mammography was able to identify 18/33 lesions (54.5%) versus US 26/33 (81.8%). On the basis of these findings, a group of patients at risk for cancer could be identified. As a matter of fact, proliferative lesions, especially those presenting with atypical hyperplasia, are associated with a higher risk of developing into carcinomas than those presenting with typical features. For these patients, the authors suggest more frequent clinical and instrumental screening.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland: sonographic and CT features.

The radiologic findings in 13 patients with pathologically proved adrenal myelolipomas were reviewed. All lesions involved the right adrenal gland; they ranged from 2 to 9 cm in diameter. Sonograms showed hyperechoic tumors in 11 cases (five homogeneous, six heterogeneous). Two myelolipomas composed primarily of myeloid tissue were hypoechoic. A propagation speed artifact was seen in seven lesions, all of which were composed primarily of fat and larger than 4 cm. CT identified fat-density tissues in all lesions. Contrast-enhanced CT showed positive attenuation values in the two predominantly myeloid tumors. CT appears to be sensitive for the diagnosis of adrenal myelolipomas. However, precontrast images are required to avoid errors.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

[Dynamic ultrasonic hysteroscopy].

An attempt was made to establish Dynamic Echohysteroscopy (DEHS) diagnostic criteria for the study of female genital apparatus, as recently proposed. DEHS consists of a pelvic ultrasonography during and following an injection of physiological solution in the uterine cavity. Since this technique does not use X-rays, it has been proven useful to study female infertility. The authors have studied the normal and pathological aspects of 33 patients who underwent both DEHS and hysterosalpingography (HSG) (comparison diagnostic test). The results lead to the following conclusions: 1) DEHS can be considered a useful alternative to HSG, in the evaluation of uterine pathology; 2) in the evaluation of tubal pathology, DEHS has fewer diagnostic possibilities than HSG. Nevertheless, DEHS indirectly allows the patency of at least one tube.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Simplified micturitional cystourethrography in female urinary incontinence].

A new technique of mictional cystourethrography has been developed. The examination is performed with the patient sitting on a radiolucent chair with the feet high on a footstool, in order to avoid the superimposition of the femoral heads in the lateral projection. Fifty patients were examined, 26 of whom were continent and 24 incontinent. The technique allowed the evaluation of the site of the bladder neck, of vesico-urethral angles, and of the urethra. The investigation made it possible to obtain accurate information on the position of the vesical floor relative to the inferior margins of the obturator foramina. It was thus possible to correlate the position of the bladder floor with the clinical symptomatology: in our experience the position of the bladder floor was higher in incontinent that in continent patients. A low position of the bladder baseplate was usually associated with incontinence. Other parameters turned out to be less specific. This paper emphasizes the simplicity and the reproducibility of our technique, which allows a reduction of X-ray exposure dose.

Female↗
PubMed1987

[The urethral canal in the prostatectomy patient. Echographic aspects].

An evaluation of the urethra has been made in patients who underwent open surgery or endoscopic resection of the prostate, by means of transrectal echography (EG). The technique used is described; studies have been performed both in basal conditions and in various functional phases, including micturation. Echographic findings are compared to those achieved with micturating cystourethrography (MCU). In case of total prostatectomy EG and MCU findings are similar, showing the surgical bladder neck and the urethral aspect even during micturation. EG shows furthermore possible liquid fluid collections. In partial prostatectomies EG and CUM findings differ, showing the first, besides the site of the surgical intervention, the possible presence of calculi, while CUM findings do not differ from those visible in total prostatectomies. Conclusions are that for the whole study of the urethra CUM is necessary, while for the study of the prostatic region EG gives more information. Therefore EG is proposed as method complementary to CUM in the evaluation of the proximal urethra.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

[Instrumental diagnosis of non-glandular superficial inflammation].

The study of soft tissues has greatly improved since the introduction of ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT). In order to define the role of instrumental investigations, 51 patients affected by non glandular superficial soft tissue masses underwent US and 9 were also examined with CT. US proved to be accurate to define the size, the structure of the mass (93%), the benign or malignant nature (91%). US was also useful for percutaneous biopsy. However, US cannot be considered the only investigation because it does not give enough data about bony and articular structures: a conventional X-ray film must be performed in order to define the relation of the mass with the adjacent bone and to clarify the possible presence of fatty tissue in a solid mass shown at US. CT has a role in case of large masses, surrounding a bone diaphysis, when the malignant nature is suspected and to define the relationship with vessels and muscles.

Abscess↗
PubMed1987

[Quality control in urography with iopamidol and iohexol. A parallel comparison].

Iohexol has a slightly higher osmolarity in comparison with iopamidol; therefore it might induce a more pronounced diuretic effect and then a better distension of the excretory pathway. A trial was carried out in two groups of 50 patients with normal renal function who underwent urography, namely with 50 ml (15 gI) of iopamidol and of iohexol. No significant differences in the evaluated parameters (nephrography, calyces, pelvis, ureters and bladder) have been found. Both contrast media allowed to perform good quality urographies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Causes of attenuation of the sound waves in neoplasms of the breast. Histologic and echographic correlation study].

The purpose of our study was to compare the ultrasound findings in malignant breast masses (which underwent biopsy) with their histological appearance. In our activity of breast sonography, we observed that the same histological type of breast cancer often shows a different ultrasonic image. The main difference concerns the sonic attenuation or increase through the neoplastic mass. The histological examination took into account the amount of stroma and cells and the architectural pattern of the lesion. Comparing these features with the ultrasonic image, it has been shown that sonic transmission is related more to the architectural pattern than to the fibrous content of the neoplastic tissue.

Breast↗
PubMed1986

[Percutaneous drainage of abdominal abscesses].

Percutaneous puncture with echographic guide was performed in 37 patients with suspected abdominal abscesses. The abscess has been confirmed in 31 cases and it has been related to previous surgery in 21. In 3 cases the 3 small cavities were evacuated by a single-stage aspiration; in the other cases different drainage catheters, in relation to the size and the content of the cavities have been employed. Benefits of proteolytic agents, irrigation with saline solution and permanent aspiration are stressed. Successful drainage avoiding surgery was achieved in 23/31 patients (74%), and positive results have been obtained in multiple abscesses, multilocular abscesses and infected haematomas as well. A partial success was achieved in 3 cases (10%): the patients were submitted to surgery after a clinical improvement. Two complications occurred (bowel perforation and small liver laceration). The percutaneous drainage turned out to be a technique of choice in the great majority of abdominal abscesses, and should be considered a good alternative to surgery, particularly in high risk patients.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

[Quality control in urography using non-ionic contrast media (iopamidol) and induced hydration].

A trial was carried out with the aim to overcome the limits of the non ionic contrast medium (cm) in the urographic evaluation of ureters and bladder (poor distention and high density). 200 urographies have been performed in patients with normal renal function (group 1: sodium iodamide; group 2: iopamidol; group 3: iopamidol with glucose solution; group 4: iopamidol and injection of glucose solution after 15'). The scores ascribed to the four groups have been compared: in the comparison between ionic and non ionic cm a slight advantage of iodamide is evident, particularly in the evaluation of calyces and ureters. By adding glucose solution to iopamidol after 15', an improvement in the quality of the urogram has been obtained, but not statistically significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The thyroid gland with low uptake lesions: evaluation by ultrasound.

An ultrasound examination was performed in 401 patients who had isotopically cold, solitary lesions of the thyroid gland. Of the parameters studied, the level of echoes was the most useful in making the sonographic diagnosis: the rate of malignancy was extremely low both in hyperechoic and echo-free lesions. The presence of a peripheral, complete "halo" appeared to be helpful in differentiating benign lesions from malignant lesions. Approximately 20-25% of the lesions thought to be solitary on the radionuclide study were found to be multinodular on US. When fine-needle aspiration biopsy was used with US the need for surgical exploration of the thyroid gland was obviated in selected cases.

Adenocarcinoma↗