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Biomedical subjects

M Bayer

Publications and source records attributed to M Bayer.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Economic aspects of osteoporosis].

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate expenditures and efficacy of osteoporosis treatment in the Czech Republic (CZ) (1.38 million women and 0.99 million men > 55 years of age). METHODS AND RESULTS: Demographic data, incidence of hip fractures and prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in Czech women and men, cost burden to healthcare agencies due to hip fractures and costs of diagnostic procedures, preventive measures and therapies of osteoporosis were obtained from published data and from database of the main health insurance agency (VZP) and the State Institute for Drug Control. The direct costs for treatment of hip fractures in the CZ in 1997 averaged Kc (Czech Crown) 2.5 billion, diagnosis of osteoporosis, Kc 150 million, prevention of osteoporosis using hormone replacement therapy, Kc 66 million, and treatments of osteoporosis which has been applied to less than 5% of osteoporosis patients, 482 million. However, despite the continuously increasing expenditures for treatments of osteoporosis, the incidence of hip fractures doubled in the last 10 years. This is mainly due to increased life expectancy in Czech women and men. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this first economic evaluation of diagnosis, treatment and consequences of osteoporosis in the CZ indicate a need for conceptual decisions in both treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Mutations in the mineralocorticoid receptor gene cause autosomal dominant pseudohypoaldosteronism type I.

Pseudohypoaldosteronism type I (PHA1) is characterized by neonatal renal salt wasting with dehydration, hypotension, hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis, despite elevated aldosterone levels. Two forms of PHA1 exist. An autosomal recessive form features severe disease with manifestations persisting into adulthood. This form is caused by loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding subunits of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC; refs 2,3). Autosomal dominant or sporadic PHA1 is a milder disease that remits with age. Among six dominant and seven sporadic PHA1 kindreds, we have found no ENaC gene mutations, implicating mutations in other genes. As ENaC activity in the kidney is regulated by the steroid hormone aldosterone acting through the mineralocorticoid receptor, we have screened the mineralocorticoid receptor gene (MLR) for variants and have identified heterozygous mutations in one sporadic and four dominant kindreds. These include two frameshift mutations (one a de novo mutation), two premature termination codons and one splice donor mutation. These mutations segregate with PHA1 and are not found in unaffected subjects. These findings demonstrate that heterozygous MLR mutations cause PHA1, underscore the important role of mineralocorticoid receptor function in regulation of salt and blood pressure homeostasis in humans and motivate further study of this gene for a potential role in blood pressure variation.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Dent's disease--the hypercalciuric variant of Fanconi's syndrome.

Dent's disease is a rare type of proximal renal tubular defect characterized by hypercalciuria, low-molecular-weight (LMW) proteinuria, nephrocalcinosis and slowly progressive renal failure, short stature and osteopenia in children with clinical symptoms of rickets. This "hypercalciuric rickets" was originally described by Charles Dent and Max Friedman in 1964 [1]. The disease is probably linked to the X chromosome so that males are much more severely affected than females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Ultrasound transmission through the Os calcis in children: which side should we measure?

Ultrasound measurement of the os calcis is a promising technique when evaluating bone status. Large individual differences between the right and left calcaneus in adults were reported. In this study, calcaneal acoustic parameters in 373 healthy children and adolescents were investigated using a CUBAClinical bone densitometer. No significant difference was found between mean values on the right and left foot, however, individual difference in broadband ultrasound attenuation was 11 +/- 9.25%. Individual differences between both sides in ultrasound investigation of the os calcis should not be underscored either in adults or in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Nurses' views regarding False Memory Syndrome.

Knowledge concerning the storage and retrieval of traumatic memories and so-called False Memory Syndrome has not been widely available in nursing journals. Information in the popular media, however, means that nurses are learning about aspects of the memory debate from such sources. This article reports on 1,701 nurses' views of False Memory Syndrome (FMS). As background, this report reviews briefly current issues and research on traumatic memory retrieval. The majority of participants believed that FMS, although rare, could occur. For these nurses, FMS was a consequence of incompetent and unethical therapists. They worried that attention to FMS would silence or revictimize survivors of abuse.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Sexual abuse comfort scale: a scale to measure nurses' comfort to respond to sexual abuse in psychiatric populations.

The purpose of the present study was to further contribute to the psychometric evaluation of the Sexual Abuse Comfort Scale (SACS) in order to provide a standardized measure that would assess the impact of educational programmes on nurses' comfort to intervene with psychiatric clients regarding sexual abuse. This study was part of a larger multisite study conducted in four Canadian provinces, designed to assess the attitudes, beliefs, competencies and educational needs of psychiatric nurses who may work with clients who have been sexually abused. As part of the larger study, a self-administered survey was sent to 3532 psychiatric nurses employed in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario and Nova Scotia. The SACS, the Sexual Attitudes Scale (SAS), the Questionnaire Measure of Emotional Empathy (QMEE) and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (M-CDS) were included in the survey. The SACS was submitted for item analysis, factor analysis, hypothesis testing regarding construct validity and assessment of concurrent validity. Item analysis of the SACS resulted in a 30-item scale with a coefficient of 0.91, indicating an excellent level of reliability. Empirical evidence indicates that the SACS is a reliable and valid instrument that may be used for the effective evaluation of intervention programmes directed towards increasing clinical knowledge and competence related to sexual abuse.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMed1996

[Magnesium, its role and metabolism].

Magnesium (Mg) is the fourth most abundant cation in the human body and is second only to potassium in intracellular metabolism. Magnesium deficiency results in biochemical, neuromuscular and cardiovascular changes. This review deals with both normal and abnormal Mg metabolism.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Purification and partial characterisation of a reversible artificial mediator accepting NADH oxidoreductase from Clostridium thermoaceticum.

An NAD(H)-dependent artificial mediator accepting pyridine nucleotide oxidoreductase present in Clostridium thermoaceticum has been purified 50-fold by three chromatographic steps to apparent electrophoretical homogeneity with a yield of 25%. By PAGE and gel filtration the molecular mass of the native enzyme was estimated to be 200 kDa and 210 kDa, respectively. By SDS/gel electrophoresis, a single band was found at 17000 Da, suggesting a homododecamer. Reducing carbamoylmethylviologen or hexacyanoferrate(III) with NADH, the enzyme was most active at pH 10 and the specific activities were 100 mumol min-1 mg-1 protein and 800 mumol min-1 mg-1 protein, respectively. The K(m) values for hexacyanoferrate(III), carbamoylmethylviologen and NADH at pH 8.5 were determined to be 0.40, 0.55 and 1.1 mM, respectively. Other electron acceptors for the dehydrogenation of NADH were 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, anthraquinone-2,6-disulphonate, ubiquinone 0 and FAD. In the reduction of NAD+ with reduced methyl viologen (MV+), the specific activity was about 225 mumol min-1 mg-1 protein at the pH maximum of 5.0. The K(m) values for reduced methylviologen, NADH and NAD+ were 1.0, 1.1 and 0.25 mM, respectively. The enzyme had 10.6 atoms iron and 12.7 atoms sulphur per dodecamer. A significant content of flavin or molybdopterin cofactor could not be detected. The first 45 amino acids of the oxidoreductase show a surprisingly high degree of identity or similarity with the ribosomal L12 protein of various eubacteria, the acyl carrier proteins of microorganisms, but also with bovine heart mitochondria and a 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase as well as a gyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from bacteria and pea chloroplasts, respectively.

2,6-Dichloroindophenol↗