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Biomedical subjects

M Baumann

Publications and source records attributed to M Baumann.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Comparative study on the sensitivity of several serum enzymes in detecting hepatic damage in rats.

In a short-term study the response of ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT) was compared to that of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in the serum of rats after treatment with single doses of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Furthermore, the sensitivity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) was studied in comparison to alkaline phosphatase (AP) and bilirubin. After dosing 100 microliter CCl4/kg, the response of OCT activity was 10- and 20-times higher than that of GOT and GPT, respectively. At 300 microliter/kg we observed an increase of up to 17- and 34-times of GOT and GPT activities. Maximal elevation of gamma-GT activity was about twice that of AP and of the bilirubin content. Moreover, the variability of the gamma-GT activities was found to be considerably higher, than that of AP and bilirubin levels. These results indicate, that OCT is a useful parameter to detect hepatic parenchymal injury, whereas gamma-GT cannot be proposed as an alternative to AP and bilirubin.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1984

Bipartite axiation follows incomplete epiboly in zebrafish embryos treated with chemical teratogens.

Medial clefts in the axis of the trunk region are malformations known from many chordates and are mostly referred to as rachischisis anterior. In teleosts, rachischisis was previously ascribed either to secondary rifting of a single uniform axial rudiment, or to the establishment of two (half) axes and body halves physically separate from the very beginning. In order to decide between these conflicting interpretations, we treated zebrafish embryos during blastodisc stages and epiboly with several chemical teratogens causing rachischisis anterior. Treatment with ethanol, Colcemid, hydroxyurea, or cycloheximide was found to delay the proliferation and movements of the deep cells more strongly than the timing of cell differentiation, so that the deep cells embark on organogenesis before having reached their destinations in the uniform germ shield. Treatment with alpha-amanitin, on the other hand, seems primarily to affect the periblast and enveloping layer; the incomplete epiboly observed in these layers appears to restrain deep cell epiboly physically and thus to cause rachischisis. In both instances, the split condition of the embryo's trunk region is clearly due to the ectopic formation of physically separate body halves right from the beginning, a mode we call bipartite axiation. We also describe secondary anomalies specific for individual teratogens, and briefly discuss the possible origins of rachischisis anterior among other chordates including man.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1984

Short-term studies with the cryptating agent hexaoxa-diaza-bicyclo-hexacosane in rats.

In short-term experiments rats received single doses of 50, 100, and 500 mumoles/kg of the cryptating agent A 222. A dose-related increase in the activities of GOT and GPT in the serum was observed 6 h after treatment, reaching values up to eleven and three times that of the controls, respectively. However, the enzyme activities returned to the control levels within 3 days. The activity of alkaline phosphatase and the levels of protein and cholesterol in serum were not altered during the observation period of 7 days. Histopathological examinations did not show any changes in the liver, kidney, heart, lung, thymus, spleen, or intestine. The elevations of GOT and GPT seem to be due to a transient liver lesion, since no histopathological alterations of the liver became apparent. These results show, that after single applications of A 222 at all doses used, no severe lesions occur in the observed organs.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1984

Bovine brucellosis among two different cattle populations in Bahr el Ghazal Province of Southern Sudan.

During a serological Brucella survey in Bahr el Ghazal Province (Southern Sudan), 6.5% of a total of 5982 randomly selected cattle of the Dinka tribe from 303 herds investigated showed positive results. Herds of bigger size were found to be more frequently infected than smaller herds. From 1228 randomly selected cattle of the Fellata tribe (Red Bororo race), 22.5% produced a positive reaction. Here, reactors were detected in 71 from a total of 72 herds tested (98.5%). Among the Dinka cattle, the number of reactors rose steadily in correspondence to the age of the animals. A somewhat more pronounced increase of reactors was observed in animals 4-8 years of age. On the other hand, the number of reactors in the Fellata herds increased rapidly between the age of 2-4 years. Thereafter, this infection rate did not change significantly any more. The results indicated that a significant portion (37.1%) of reactors graded positive (n = 665) expressed only low titers (less than or equal to 1:40) in the SAST. Those titers were even more numerous (49.1%) among the positive reactors belonging to cattle below the age of 4 years.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1982

Effect of cadmium and phenobarbital on cerebral aldehyde reductase.

The effect of cadmium (Cd), phenobarbital and of a combination of both on the aldehyde reductase of rat brain cytosol was investigated in vitro. Cd as well as phenobarbital inhibited the enzyme. A combination of both chemicals resulted in an additive inhibition. From these results it is concluded, that only in heavily contaminated people will an interaction between Cd and phenobarbital on the aldehyde reductase level in the brain occur.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1982

In vitro testing of chlorpropamide with human lymphocyte cultures in the presence of liver microsome fraction S9 mix of rats.

The oral hypoglycaemic drug 1-(p-chloroben-zenesulfonyl)-3-propylurea (chlorpropamide) was examined for clastogenic properties using human lymphocytes with a microsomal (S9 mix) activation system. Lymphocytes, exposed to the S9 mix only as well as to the solvent DMSO, yielded chromosome aberration levels within the background range. The sensitivity of the S9 mix could be demonstrated using 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro(2H)-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide (cyclophosphamide) as a positive control, which only displays clastogenic properties after metabolic activation. Chlorpropamide, however, did not induce structural chromosome aberrations under the in vivo conditions tested in this study.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Embryogenesis in a Drosophila mutant expressing half the normal segment number.

Insect segments are seriated developmental subunits whose borders largely control intra-segmental patterning. The individual segment owes its specific character to position-dependent instructions given to its early embryonic progenitor cells. In Drosophila, the segment borders first become visible as a series of transverse infoldings on the surface of the germ band. We describe here development in a mutant (prdFR1) which forms half the normal number of transverse infoldings spaced at twice the normal distance, thereby subdividing the germ band into a series of giant domains (Fig. 1 a-c). Each domain develops the tracheal pits of two normal segments (Fig. 1e), thus revealing its composite origin, but the larva expresses only one segment border per domain and the cuticle between these borders is similar to the normal segment in both size and zonation (Fig. 2). We conclude that this course of development reflects a conflict between the seriated instructions specifying local segment character (see Fig. 1b) and controlling influences exerted by the abnormally spaced infoldings and later by the definitive segment borders.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Short term effects of Clophen A 50 and of dichlorobiphenyl in rats.

In short term experiments, rats were treated with single oral doses of the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), Clophen A 50 (high chlorinated compound) and dichlorobiphenyl (low chlorinated compound). Clophen A 50 treatment resulted in a marked increase in liver weight and in the activities of GPT, GOT and G1DH in rat serum at 1000 mg/kg similar effects were observed, but to a lesser degree. The levels of the serum lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly elevated at both dose levels and they remained elevated up to seven days. In contrast, one single oral dose of 1000 mg of dichlorobiphenyl per kg did not cause significant changes in the above mentioned parameters. Histological examination of the liver showed irregularly disseminated droplets of fat in both experiments. These results indicate that Clophen A 50 causes liver damage and alters the lipid metabolism of rats, whereas the low chlorinated dichlorobiphenyl does not exert such effects.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1979

[Atypical facial neuralgia].

Under the name of pain we designate algies which cannot be attributed to a well defined syndrome or to a characterized disease. Sometimes it is possible, by the intermediary of clinical and radiological investigations, to uncover the causes of such pains, for example chronic pulpitis, denticles, impacted teeth, impacted root debris, cysts, enostoses, osteoid tumors, sequela of sinus surgery, etc. More rarely we can observe algies without anatomical substrate, located in the canine fossa and the zygomatic-alveolar crest. When looking for the causes of atypical pain, the participation of internal, neurological or psychogenous factors should not be forgotten.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1978

[Biopsies, how and when?].

The subject is technique and indication for biopsies in the dental office. Should the dentist take biopsies at all? The literature on the subject is controversial. The author warns against the practice of biopsies in the presence of large tumors or when malignancies are suspected. Biopsies should remain part of the main treatment in the respective special clinic. On the other hand, a dentist may make small excision biopsies on small and harmless tissue changes of the mucosa in order to send them in for histological checking.

Biopsy↗