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Biomedical subjects

M Baum

Publications and source records attributed to M Baum.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Current thinking on the management of primary carcinoma of the breast.

The most important advance in the management of early breast cancer over the last 20 years, has been the conceptual revolution whereby the mechanistic/anatomical view of the disease has been replaced by a more complex biological model. As a result of this paradigm shift, the role of local therapy has been redefined and a steady momentum towards a more conservative approach has been initiated. Furthermore, the trials of adjuvant systemic therapy, although not producing the anticipated major breakthrough, have at least demonstrated that the natural history of the disease can be influenced in a favourable direction. Future progress depends on a continuing involvement of all surgeons in multicentre trials and resistance to the establishment of a new therapeutic dogma.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1983

[High frequency pulsation (HFP) enabling tracheo-broncheal suctioning without interrupting mechanical ventilation].

A new technique of tracheo-broncheal suctioning is presented which enables constant artificial ventilation with high frequency pulsation (HFP), a modification of high frequency ventilation. Beyond that the high frequency pulsation method permits ventilation of the patient with adjusted end-expiratory pressure. This technique prevents the decrease of arterial oxygen pressure which is usually seen in patients who are disconnected for some time from the respirator as well as during the suction procedure and during periods of decreased end-expiratory pressures.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1982

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in children: comparison with hemodialysis.

The clinical and biochemical effects of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in 20 children and of hemodialysis in 16 children were compared over a 2 1/2-year period. Statistically significant differences between the treatment groups included higher hematocrit, higher serum carbon dioxide and cholesterol levels, large intake of calories and protein, and lower systolic blood pressure and rates of transfusion in the patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. These patients had more complications than the patients receiving hemodialysis, but hospitalization rates in the two groups were similar. The cost of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis was +19,600 per patient-year; the cost of hemodialysis was +54,300 per patient-year; the cost of hemodialysis was +54,300 per patient-year. There were four treatment failures with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and one with hemodialysis. Patients treated with both forms of dialysis preferred continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. We conclude that continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is an important alternative to hemodialysis in children.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1982

Importance of mastalgia in operable breast cancer.

The importance of pain as a presenting symptom of breast cancer has been assessed in a series of 240 patients with operable breast cancer over four years. From an analysis of the case histories of 36 patients the diagnosis proved difficult in one-quarter of the cancers. This is explained by the high incidence of subclinical and lobular carcinoma in the group. Cancer must be seriously considered as a diagnosis in patients presenting with well-localised breast pain of recent onset. These patients should be followed for at least one year after the onset of the pain before cancer is confidently excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for early breast cancer: an experimental study with reference to oestrogen and progesterone receptors.

There is very little known about the subsequent behavior of breast cancer following adjuvant endocrine therapy or the effect of this therapy on the oestrogen and progesterone receptor content of recurrent disease. Mammary tumours were induced in Sprague-Dawley rats using N-nitrosomethylurea. In two experiments animals were treated with tamoxifen at different doses prior to the appearance of tumours. Tamoxifen prolonged the induction time and reduced the total number of tumours. Subsequent treatment of established tumours exposed to tamoxifen in the induction period demonstrated a reduced response to further tamoxifen therapy. There was no difference in the oestrogen receptor content of the tumours previously exposed to tamoxifen, but there was a significant reduction in the progesterone receptor content. The results suggest that: (a) patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen therapy will show a delay in the appearance of recurrent disease with a reduced response to further tamoxifen therapy; (b) the model may provide an in vivo method to examine the relationships between oestrogen and progesterone receptors and response to endocrine therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Effect of surgery on monocyte function.

In vitro monocyte lysozyme production (IVMLP) was assessed in 10 male patients preoperatively and at intervals postoperatively. A similar procedure was carried out in 6 sex- and age-matched controls. In contrast to the control group where the IVMLP was constant, the IVLMP levels in the surgical group showed a marked increase at 6-10 h postoperatively, falling to control levels after 10 days. In addition, peripheral monocyte counts were carried out using a Technicon Hemalog D counter which produces accurate reproducible counts for cells such as monocytes which occur at low frequency. The peripheral monocyte counts were stable in the control group, whilst in the surgical patients there were significantly higher readings at 36-48 h, which persisted for up to 10 days compared with preoperative counts. This study suggests that surgery has both a qualitative (IVMLP) and quantitative (monocyte counts) effect on the mononuclear phagocytes. These data may be relevant when considering factors that influence the early stages of wound healing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Intraoperative application of forced diffusion-ventilation (FDV)].

Forced diffusion ventilation (FDV), a modified high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV), was applied intraoperatively (mean duration: 126 min) in 14 patients (7 thoracic, 7 major abdominal surgery patients). Sufficient gas exchange could be achieved with extremely low tidal volumes (10-30 ml) at frequencies up to 1500/min. This resulted in an almost complete immobilization of the lungs allowing an excellent surgical exposure.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1982

[Inversed ratio ventilation (IRV) following cardiosurgical procedures].

Based on our positive experiences with "Inversed Ratio Ventilation" (IRV) in the treatment of ARDS, we applied this ventilation technique in patients with risk lungs after cardiosurgical operations. Immediately, after switching from conventional ventilation mode (I/E ratio 1:2) to IRV (I/E 2:1), however significant hemodynamic reactions could be observed. Especially a significant decrease of cardiac output can be observed in this phase. IRV leads to an improvement of gas exchange and lung mechanics. These improvement become even more significant continuing IRV. A decreasing tendency of the negative hemodynamic effects can be observed parallel to lung mechanics improvement. Carefully managed respirators adjustment, "step-wise" prolongation of I/E ratio and closed observation on hemodynamic reactions leads to successful use of Inversed Ratio Ventilation in cardiosurgical patients too.

Air Pressure↗