[Cerebral toxoplasmosis in 2 adults without known immunodeficiency].
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Biomedical subjects
M Baudrimont
Publications and source records attributed to M Baudrimont.
[Crossed cerebellar atrophy following hemispheric lesions occurring in adulthood].
Crossed cerebellar atrophy generally results from a large contralateral hemispheric lesion involving the cortico-spinal tract in neonates or infants. Two cases of crossed cerebellar atrophy which were particular from two points of view are reported: 1) the cerebellar alterations resulted from cerebral lesions which had occurred in adult life, after complete maturation of the central nervous system. One was observed in a 78 years old hypertensive woman who had presented 24 years before a right lenticular haemorrage, the other in a 73 years old woman who when aged 18 had presented a left cortical frontal traumatic lesion. The clinical and pathological data are compared to 13 similar cases reported in the literature. The retrograde or anterograde route of this transneuronal degeneration is discussed. The pathological features of those 2 cases lead the authors to favor the anterograde route; 2) the cerebral lesion was small and strictly limited to F2 in 1 case, the secondary lesions involving then, only the medial pontine nuclei and the quadrangular cerebellar lobule. This allows a clear demonstration, in man, of a systematisation of the cortico-pontine and ponto-cerebellar fibers similar to what has been described in the animal (Brodal, 1980).
Age Factors↗
Postnatal modifications of the dendritic tree of cells in the inferior colliculus of the cat. A quantitative Golgi analysis.
Postnatal modifications of dendrites have been quantitatively studied by network analysis of the dendritic tree in the two central nuclei of the inferior colliculus in the cat. This analysis revealed cells with two types of branching patterns suggesting two different modes of growth. The predominant pattern is characterized by dichotomous branching on random segments (DR cells). However, a purely collateral branching pattern is particular to certain cells (CB cells). These two branching patterns were found in both nuclei of the IC in adult and young cats, but the exact significance of these two cell types remains unclear. The dendritic trees of cells in kittens differed from those of the adult cat. Also, the types of modification were different in the two functionally distinct nuclei of the inferior colliculus that we studied. The most dramatic modifications were observed in the dendritic tree of DR cells in the central nucleus, which receives fibers from the auditory nuclei in the brainstem. Two parameters were modified: the mean number of terminal segments and the mean total length of segments. Both parameters increased in the sagittal plane and decreased in the frontal plane. These modifications indicate a reorientation of the dendritic tree in the sagittal plane, along the incoming axons from the auditory nuclei. As these afferents become functionally mature only after birth, this spatial remodeling of the dendrites seems closely related to functional maturation of secondary auditory axons. In the dorsomedial nucleus that receives fibers from the auditory cortices, the dendritic tree of DR cells also undergoes spatial reorientation. This is more evident in the horizontal plane and with respect to the incoming axons. Our results suggest that the characteristic orientation of the dendritic tree of cells observed in the inferior colliculus of the adult cat is established only after the first postnatal weeks. This orientation seems to result from an active process of remodeling concomitant with the functional maturation of afferents, a fact already established for various cell types in the nervous system.
Afferent Pathways↗
Cerebellar changes in 50 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with emphasis on granule cell atrophy variant.
Cerebellar changes have been found in 41/50 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. They were severe in 9 cases. We did not find significant correlation between the cerebellar symptoms and signs pointed out in clinical records and prominent cerebellar changes. The only exception consisted in dentate nucleus involvement which was more frequently related to those symptoms and signs. 5 of the cases with severe changes were characterized by predominant granule cell atrophy without kuru plaques. The mean age of death (56.0) was significantly lower in this variant than that of patients with other cerebellar changes (64.4) (p less than 0.01). The granule cell atrophy seems a distinct variant on the basis of age of death and pathological changes. However, it is not characterized by the presence of kuru plaques.
Atrophy↗
Perhexiline maleate-induced lipidosis in cultured human fibroblasts: cell kinetics, ultrastructural and biochemical studies.
Perhexiline maleate reduced the growth of human skin fibroblasts in cell culture at a concentration range of 0.3-3 micrograms/ml. At the highest concentration, the cells survived only four days. Pleomorphic inclusions characteristic of drug-induced phospholipidoses appeared in cultured cells. Analysis of the major lipid classes was performed on cells exposed to 3 micrograms/ml at four days. Gangliosides, phospholipids and cholesterol levels four to six times above controls were found. No major qualitative abnormalities were detected in phospholipids. On the contrary, an abnormal pattern of gangliosides was seen by densitometry of silica gel thin-layer plates with increases of GD3 and of an unknown ganglioside. Drug induced lipidosis may involve other lipids than phospholipids, particularly gangliosides.
Cell Division↗
Embryological evolution of rat superior colliculus.
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Animals↗
Topographical arrangement of the motoneurons from the brachial plexus in the rat.
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Animals↗
Morphological evolution of the neurons in the rat's inferior colliculus.
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Animals↗
[Dendroarchitectonic study of the neurons of the corpus quadrigeminum superius in man].
Two different functional zones may be described in the superior colliculus. The superficial layers receive retinal and cortical fibers, the deep layers are a multimodal center and are implied in the oculo-motor control mechanisms. The aim of the present study has been to use network analysis in order to quantify the cell types of the deep layers of the superior colliculus in Man. 50 Golgi impregnated cell have been drawn in the three plans of space. Topological analysis permits to emphasize the existence of two different cell types: collaterally-branched cells or CB cells, and dichotomously-branched cells or DR cells. Quantitative analysis of the dendritic arcs has shown the spatial orientation of the dendritic tree. The proximal dendrites of DR cells are in the horizontal plane, the terminal dendrites are in the vertico-frontal plane. This difference seems to be due to different functional afferences.
Aged↗
[Intramedullary topography of the motor neurons of the brachial plexus of the rat. Preliminary study].
The exact localisation of the motor pools of anterior horn providing the different nerves of the brachial plexus remains unclear. The data obtained have been furnished by different methods: Nissl methods furnish cytoarchitectonic data -- Golgi methods furnish dendro-architectonic data. The topographical data were obtained by the chromatolytic modifications of the moto-neurons after a peripheral nerve injury. The recently used method of the retrograde transport of HRP permits to get information about the exact localisation and the dendritic extent of the neurons of a motor pool related to a particular nerve. We have studied the localisation of the nerves of the brachial plexus in the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord. We have determined the exact extent of the different motor pools in relation to each nerve. It seems that two different regions may be recognized in the anterior horn: a ventro lateral one in relation with the girdle muscles and a dorso lateral region related with the more distal muscles of the anterior limb.
Animals↗
The cytoarchitecture of the inferior colliculus in the cat. A stereological approach.
The present study gives an histometric analysis of cells in the different subdivisions of the inferior colliculus. The use of principles and methods of stereology allows the definition of various cellular parameters, i.e. nuclear and cell volume, nuclear and cell profile areas, nuclear diameter, volume proportion of perikaryon, nuclear/cytoplasmic volume ratio and nuclear packing density. Our data confirm the existence of at least 3 parts in the inferior colliculus of the cat, namely: the ventral, the dorso-medial and the lateral parts. We furnish the various parameters which permit the characterisation of cells in these different parts. The dorso medial part or region appears to be composed of numerous cells characterized by their small volume and their high nuclear/cytoplasmic volume ratio. The ventral region seems to be distinguished by its scattered cells, characterized by their large volume and their low nuclear/cytoplasmic volume ratio, whereas the lateral region appears as an intermediate one with scattered cells of low volume. It seems notable that these cytoarchitectonic subdivisions fit well with the functional subdivision since the dorsomedial region receives cortical fibres, the ventral region receives cochlear fibres and the lateral region receives both cortical and cochlear fibres.
Animals↗
[Typology of the cells of the bulbopontine reticular formation].
The network analysis methods have been applied to study the neurons of the medial bulbo pontine reticular formation in the cat. The bifurcation ratio allows isolation of two different cellular patterns: collateral branched cells or CB type, and at random pendant vertices dichotomously branched cells or DA type. The morphologic features of CB cells lead to the assumption that these cells have an integrative function. The topographic distribution of the two cells types seems to vary in the different parts of the reticular formation and should argue for the fact that the reticular formation represents an aggregation of several discrete anatomical units.
Animals↗
[Dendroarchitectonic study of the inferior colliculus in the cat].
A network analysis of dendritic fields of the cells of the inferior colliculus has been performed in the adult cat. The cells of the dorso-medial nucleus have a smaller volume, less terminal segments and more dendritic spines than the cells of the ventral lateral nucleus. The bifurcation ratio of the different cells makes it possible to separate two different types of cells: order 2 cells with a strictly monochotomous branching on random segment and order 3 cells which dendrites grown by terminal branching on random pendant arcs.
Animals↗
[Dendroarchitectonic study of the pyramidal cells of the medial frontal cortex of the macaca].
A comparative study of "normal" and "improperly oriented" pyramidal cells has been performed in the medial frontal lobe cortex of the monkey (Macacus Irus). The comparison of the observed number of topological types for each group of dendrites shows that the apical dendrites of each type of cells have a different growth. The apical dendrites of the normal pyramidal cells grow by monochotomous branching on random segments and have much more spines on the first order segments, the apical dendrites of the improperly oriented pyramidal cells grow by branching on pendant arcs (terminal growth model), and have fewer spines. The functional signification of these differences remains actually obscure.
Animals↗
[Comparative study of the dorso-medial nucleus of the inferior colliculus].
The comparative study by network analysis of the dorso-median nucleus of the inferior colliculus has been performed in the adult and new born cat, the adult rat and the adult monkey. For each animal, the two previously recognized types of cells have been identified. However the number of each type of cells is different. The 2 order cells have the same volume in the rat, the adult cat and the monkey. The 3 order cells are larger in the monkey and the cat than in the rat. The number and the volume of the different types of cells is similar in the ventro-lateral nucleus of the adult cat and in the dorso-medial nucleus of the new born cat.
Animals↗
[Autoradiographic study of the incorporation of tritiated leucine into mouse neurons and glial cells].
The renewal of labeled proteins in neuronal and glial cells was investigated by means of quantitative light microscope radioautography. Adult and young mice were sacrificed at long intervals after one tritiated leucine injection. Results shpwed the persistance of an increased quantity of label in the young glial cells. For both adult and young, the relative rate of labeled protein breakdown was higher in oligodendrocytes than in astrocytes.
Age Factors↗
[Periarteritis nodosa with heart valve disease disclosed by occlusion of the central artery of the retina].
We report a case of periarteritis nodosa revealed by blindness due to occlusion of the central retinal artery. The disease appeared after a serous otitis and was accompanied by thrombocytosis. Its outcome was favourable under corticosteroid therapy, but it was complicated by aortic valve regurgitation. Lesions of fibrinoid necrosis were found on the aortic cusps removed during surgical replacement. It seems highly probable that the ocular and valvular lesions were specific, although this cannot be directly demonstrated. The case presented here is exceptional, and the relevant literature is reviewed.
Aortic Valve↗
A chronic model for experimental investigation of epidural anesthesia in the rabbit.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A rabbit chronic model has been developed for investigation of epidural anesthesia without surgery. METHODS: A catheter was implanted via a nontraumatic route in the lumbar epidural space between the apex coccis sacri and the first vertebra coccygea after a 1-cm incision was made in the skin at the root of the tail. The ligamentum was punctured to allow the catheter to slide gently 10 cm into the epidural space and avoid subperiosteal soft tissue dissection. The motor block effects of epidural lidocaine and bupivacaine were studied 1 week after implantation. Three injections of lidocaine 1% (group I) or 2% (group II) or bupivacaine 0.25% (group III) or 0.5% (group IV) were given at 48-hour intervals to four rabbits in each group. Increasing concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) of lidocaine and bupivacaine (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5%) were injected into eight rabbits in each of groups V and VI. The spinal cord and meninges were examined histopathologically in eight other chronically implanted rabbits that received no drugs. RESULTS: Catheters were kept in place during 2 months in 40 rabbits without neurologic disturbance, discomfort, infection or weight loss. Complete motor block was observed during a mean 27, 43, and 51 minutes with increasing doses of lidocaine. Administration of bupivacaine 0.125% led to incomplete motor deficit in three rabbits, whereas all other rabbits exhibited complete motor block, lasting a mean of 26, 53, and 93 minutes for increasing doses. Linear relationships were found between the concentration of each drug and the duration of motor block (r = .902, P < .001 for lidocaine; and r = .857, P < .001 for bupivacaine). Repeated injections of local anesthetics produced consistent durations of motor block (Bland and Altman test). No significant histologic changes were observed. CONCLUSION: This rabbit model appears to be a suitable tool for evaluating motor block of epidural agents under standardized experimental conditions.
Anesthesia, Epidural↗