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Biomedical subjects

M Barzilai

Publications and source records attributed to M Barzilai.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Percutaneous drainage of splenic abscesses under ultrasound].

A splenic abscess is considered life-threatening. Traditionally the treatment of choice has been splenectomy, which has relatively high morbidity and mortality and results in increased susceptibility to infection. Percutaneous drainage can be an alternative treatment for splenic abscesses and might avoid splenectomy. 2 cases of splenic abscess are presented: 1 had typhoid fever and the other had had a left hemicolectomy. In both cases external aspiration was performed twice and a catheter was left in the drained cavity after the second aspiration. There was no clinical improvement in the patient with typhoid fever and splenectomy had to be performed. In the other drainage was followed by marked regression of symptoms. We suggest that percutaneous drainage can be safely used for splenic abscesses. Splenectomy should be reserved for those in whom drainage does not lead to improvement.

Abscess↗
PubMed1995

[Timing of ultrasound examination in the detection of neonatal hydronephrosis].

The diagnosis of fetal hydronephrosis requires that there be ultrasound follow-up during the neonatal period. In most cases the dilatation of the renal collecting system regresses and no further diagnostic work-up is needed. A persistently dilated collecting system might be the result of obstruction, in which case surgical intervention should be considered. The ultrasound examination is the key factor in deciding whether to proceed with invasive procedures (cystography, intravenous pyelography or renal isotopic scan) or to stop urological investigation. The case presented emphasizes the importance of the timing of the first ultrasonographic study after birth. Ultrasound examination performed within the first 48 hours can lead to false negative results.

Female↗
PubMed1995

[Intraoperative hepatic ultrasound, and surgical decision making].

Surgical resection of liver metastases might improve patient survival. Their number, location and relation to the intrahepatic blood vessels are of great importance in deciding whether to operate, the kind of operation (such as lobectomy, segmentectomy, wedge resection) and the surgical approach. Preoperative imaging modalities, including US, CT, MRI, isotope-scanning and sometimes portal angiography, are not sensitive enough to diagnose many liver lesions. Also, in many cases they do not give an absolute answer regarding the exact segmental location of the lesion and its relations to the major blood vessels. Intraoperative ultrasound is sensitive enough to detect most liver lesions, to locate them by liver segment, and to define their relationship to the hepatic vasculature.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1994

Case report: bilateral nasoalveolar cysts.

Nasoalveolar cysts are rare developmental cysts arising in the region of the upper lip, just below the ala nasi. We present a case where a woman was suspected of having a local abscess. The microscopic features of this abscess were consistent with nasoalveolar cysts.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Histochemical studies of progressive p53 mutations during colonic carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats induced by N-methyl-N-nitro-nitrosoguanidine or azoxymethane.

We studied the increasing expression of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in Sprague-Dawley rats, chemically induced to develop colon cancer. p53 expression was evaluated histochemically at various stages of tumor progression (during a period of 40 weeks) that can be followed by colonic hyperproliferation labeled by 3H-thymidine incorporation. We found that high level nuclear expression of p53 protein correlates with progression of malignancy in carcinogen-induced animals, whereas cytoplasmic staining is related to the onset and early development of malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Simple renal cortical cysts in children: two uncommon case reports.

Two cases of simple renal cortical cysts in children are presented. In the first case, the cyst was detected antenatally and was followed for about 3 weeks postnatally till it was resected. The second case is an 11-year-old boy with a giant simple renal cyst exceeding 15 cm in diameter. Both cases are uncommon. The diagnostic problems regarding large intra-abdominal cystic masses are emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Ultrasound in suspected intussusception].

Intussusception is one of the main abdominal emergencies in children. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis is poor and in only 30-40% of cases is the clinical diagnosis of intussusception confirmed. Many unnecessary barium enemas are performed due to clinical misdiagnosis. Sonography can demonstrate intussusception, is widely available, easily performed, does not produce radiation and can be used to screen suspected cases. From 1991-1993, in 6 of 14 consecutive cases of clinically suspected intussusception the ultrasound examination was positive. In 4 of them barium enema revealed intussusception, which was reduced by the barium enema procedure. A child was sent for surgery because ultrasonography showed a duplication cyst which was considered the leading point for the bowel invagination. In the last case surgery for bowel obstruction revealed impacted stool misdiagnosed by ultrasound as an intussusception mass. In all the 8 cases in which ultrasound was negative, follow-up confirmed the absence of intussusception. The sensitivity of the ultrasound examination was 100% and the negative predictive value 100%. These results are not in accord with those of other authors. We find ultrasound a reliable imaging modality for the diagnosis of intussusception. It can identify leading points as well as other causes for the clinical presentation, including ovarian torsion or appendicitis.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1994

[Sonographic demonstration of pseudo-cholelithiasis after ceftriaxone].

The term biliary pseudolithiasis was coined by Schaad (1988) to describe the appearance of gallbladder sludge following treatment with ceftriaxone. After cessation of the drug the condition resolves, hence the term "pseudolithiasis." The third generation cephalosporin, cefatriaxone, is a very potent, broad spectrum antibiotic indicated in meningitis, osteomyelitis, pyelonephritis, Lyme disease and many other severe infectious diseases. Up to 46% of those receiving this antibiotic develop gallbladder sludge. Most are asymptomatic, but a small proportion may develop right upper quadrant pain, nausea, vomiting and even cholecystitis. Ultrasonography may demonstrate many, small, echogenic particles within the gallbladder, as well as larger echogenic foci casting acoustic shadows. However, it can not differentiate these pseudostones from real stones. There are reports of surgical intervention in such cases. 2 boys, aged 5 and 10 years, respectively, treated with ceftriaxone for meningitis are presented. Both developed symptoms during treatment and in both gallbladder sludge was identified by ultrasonography. In 1 intraluminal gallbladder findings were identical with the appearance of surgical stones. Follow-up ultrasonography after the drug was stopped showed no evidence of pseudostones in either case. Awareness of this phenomena might save many unnecessary operations.

Ceftriaxone↗
PubMed1991

Proliferative response of T lymphocytes to mitogenic lectins in essential hypertension.

Several studies in human and experimental models indicate the existence of a partial relationship between essential hypertension (EH) and the immune system. In this study, cellular immune functions were investigated in 13 patients with untreated and uncomplicated essential hypertension (EHP) and in 10 of their offspring (EHO) and compared to 13 age- and sex-matched normotensive controls (NC) and 10 of their offspring (NCO). The total number of T cells and T cell subsets were similar in all groups examined. In the EHP, basal lymphocyte transformation without lectins was significantly lower (1,126 +/- 261 cpm of [3H]-thymidine uptake) than in the NC (3,223 +/- 736, p less than 0.01); the response to both phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (ConA) revealed reduced [3H]-thymidine uptake as compared with NC (21,890 +/- 5,432 compared to 64,574 +/- 9,723 for PHA and 10,488 +/- 2,621 compared to 37,334 +/- 8,148 for ConA, respectively, p less than 0.01). However, the ability to proliferate as a response to lectins was normal. This was leading to a normal stimulation index in both groups. In the EHO, non-significant decrease in basal transformation and reduced uptake with PHA (49,537 +/- 7,478) versus NCO (69,911 +/- 7,254) and NC (64,574 +/- 9,723) were found. These findings suggest that the proliferative response of T lymphocytes is partially suppressed in EH.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on T cell functions in essential hypertension.

T cell function tests were performed in 6 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension (EH) before and after treatment with captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Total T and T cell subsets were within normal range and were not affected by the drug. The response of PBL to lectin stimulation was significantly impaired. While the stimulation index (SI) was almost normal when washed PBL were used (32.2 +/- 6.90 with PHA and 20.17 +/- 4.1 with Con A) or after their incubation with serum taken from normal subjects (40.42 +/- 10.9 and 15.53 +/- 3.4, respectively), autologous serum significantly reduced the SI (15.04 +/- 5.9 with PHA, p less than 0.05 and 6.68 +/- 1.45 with Con A, p less than 0.005). While captopril seemed to suppress the SI of washed PBL after 1 week of treatment, it enhanced the SI from 32.21 +/- 6.91 to 55.32 +/- 10.76 for PHA and from 20.17 +/- 4.13 to 30.63 +/- 5.41 for Con A (p less than 0.001). This effect was more obvious when the stimulations were performed with normal serum (from 40.42 +/- 10.9 to 96.47 +/- 17.51 for PTH and from 15.53 +/- 3.43 to 40.02 +/- 8.0 for Con A, (p less than 0.001). These results confirm previous reports indicating that the cellular immune response is impaired in EH. It seems that an inhibitory factor found in the serum of these patients is responsible for this impairment. Our findings may suggest that this factor may be angiotensin II.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Effect of a calcium-enriched diet on the colonic epithelial hyperproliferation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in rats on a low calcium and fat diet.

We examined whether hyperproliferation of colonic crypt epithelium during cancer induction by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), in rats on a low fat and calcium diet could be reduced by added calcium p.o. From the age of 4 weeks, 104 male Sprague-Dawley rats received a low fat (3.5%), low calcium (0.05% calcium ion), and low vitamin D (0.4 IU/g) diet. Sixty-four also had calcium salts, derived from either calcium lactate or solubilized calcium carbonate, added to their drinking water; therefore their total calcium intake was about 1% of daily diet. At age 12 weeks the rats were divided into 4 treatment groups: 8 rats, not receiving added calcium, had rectal saline instillations weekly (saline control group) and were sacrificed after a further 28 weeks; 3 groups of 32 rats each received intrarectal MNNG (1.5 mg) weekly. One group, not receiving added calcium, was the MNNG control group; while the second group also received added calcium lactate, and the third group received calcium carbonate. Groups of 24 were sacrificed periodically until 28 weeks of treatment. Rats were sacrificed and epithelial proliferation was estimated, 1 week after the last intrarectal instillation, by in vivo labeling with tritiated thymidine and measuring the ratio of labeled to total colonic crypt epithelial cells. The mean labeling index of the MNNG treated and added calcium groups were significantly higher (8.7-9.5%) than that of the saline controls (2.8%) only at week 28; however, it was then still significantly less than that of the MNNG controls not having added calcium (17.9%). Hyperproliferation, during induction of colonic cancer by MNNG in rats on a low calcium diet, can be reduced by a calcium enriched diet even in the presence of a low fat intake.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

In vitro effect of PTH on normal T cell functions.

Uremia is associated with impairment of various cell-mediated immunity functions. The effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) - known to be elevated in uremia - on several T cell functions has been studied. Normal peripheral blood lymphocytes incubated with increasing amounts of human PTH (HPTH) or bovine PTH (BPTH) showed a considerable decrease (up to 40%) in lectin-induced lymphocytes transformation, significant decrease in helpers to suppressors ratio, and marked inhibition of E rosette formation and T11-positive cells. PTH alone showed no cytotoxic effect on lymphocytes when incubated with or without mitogens. Glucagon, in concentrations up to 10-fold those found on uremia, had no effect on T cell function. Thus the effect of PTH was specific to the hormone action. The direct effect of PTH on normal T lymphocytes and some of their immunological responses is not clear. However, the results of this study support the hypothesis that excess blood levels of PTH may play a role in the pathogenesis of the impairment of the immune response in uremia.

Concanavalin A↗