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Biomedical subjects

M Bardou

Publications and source records attributed to M Bardou.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Role of potassium channels and nitric oxide in the relaxant effects elicited by beta-adrenoceptor agonists on hypoxic vasoconstriction in the isolated perfused lung of the rat.

1. The aims of this study were to compare, in the rat isolated perfused lung preparation, the antagonist effects of a nonselective beta-adrenoceptor agonist (isoprenaline), a selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (salbutamol) and a selective beta3-adrenoceptor agonist (SR 59104A) on the hypoxic pulmonary pressure response, and to investigate the role of K+ channels, endothelium derived relaxing factor and prostaglandins in these effects. K+ channels were inhibited by glibenclamide, charybdotoxin or apamin, NO synthase and cyclo-oxygenase were inhibited by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and indomethacin, respectively. 2. Hypoxic ventilation produced a significant increase in perfusion pressure (+65%, P<0.001) and L-NAME significantly increased this response further (+123%, P<0.01). After apamin, L-NAME, indomethacin, post-hypoxic basal pressure did not return to baseline values (P<0.001). 3. Glibenclamide partially inhibited the relaxant effects of isoprenaline (P<0.05) and salbutamol (P<0.001) but not that of SR 59104A. In contrast, charybdotoxin and apamin partially inhibited the relaxant effects of SR 59104A (P=0.053 and <0.01, respectively) but did not modify the effects of isoprenaline and salbutamol. L-NAME partially inhibited the dilator response of salbutamol (P<0.01) and SR 59104A (P<0.05) but not that of isoprenaline. 4. We conclude that (a) EDRF exerts a significant inhibition of the hypoxic pulmonary response, (b) SK(Ca) channel activation, EDRF and prostaglandins contribute to the reversal of the hypoxic pressure response, (c) the vasodilation induced by isoprenaline is mediated in part by activation of K(ATP) channels, that of salbutamol by activation of K(ATP) channels and EDRF. In contrast, SR 59104A partly operates through BK(Ca), SK(Ca), channels and EDRF activation, differing in this from the beta1 and beta2-adrenoceptor agonists.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1999

[Descriptive epidemiology of patients with alcoholic liver disease hospitalized in a hepato-gastroenterology service].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the detection of early stage alcoholic liver disease and to identify the importance of this disease, this study compared epidemiological characteristics, the reasons for and the duration of hospitalization, in-patient mortality and the frequency of multiple hospitalizations in alcoholic patients without cirrhosis and in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis hospitalized in the hepatogastroenterology department of Antoine-Beclere Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 1982 to December 1995, all patients with a daily alcohol intake in the previous year of at least 50 g per day and all patients with alcoholic cirrhosis whatever their drinking habits were studied. RESULTS: Three thousand three hundred and forty six patients were included. The daily alcohol intake in the previous five years was 118 +/- 81 g and the duration of alcohol abuse was 22 +/- 13 years. Two thousand one hundred eight patients had liver biopsy; 37% had histologically proven or probable cirrhosis. Forty one percent of the patients without cirrhosis who had liver biopsy already had steatofibrosis and/or acute alcoholic hepatitis. 32.5% of the patients had hepatitis B virus markers. 7.7% of the patients were positive for anti hepatitis C virus antibody. Thirty two percent of the patients with cirrhosis were women versus 22% of the patients without cirrhosis (P < 0.01). Alcoholism was the reason for the first hospitalization in sixty percent of the patients without cirrhosis and in twenty percent of the patients with cirrhosis (P < 0.01). On the other hand, ascites were the first reason for the first hospitalization in patients with cirrhosis (28%). The two main causes for multiple hospitalizations were also ascites and alcoholism. CONCLUSION: Two thirds of heavy drinkers did not have cirrhosis on admission since alcoholism was the first reason for multiple hospitalizations in these patients, therefore the management of alcoholism in out-patients must be improved.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1998

In vitro inhibition of human colonic motility with SR 59119A and SR 59104A: evidence of a beta3-adrenoceptor-mediated effect.

The new beta3-adrenoceptor is present in the gastrointestinal tract of various species. This study aimed to show that this receptor modulates human colonic motility in vitro. We used circular muscle strips from the human colon suspended in single organ baths containing Krebs solution and subjected to an initial 1.5-2 g tension. We measured the effects of different beta3-adrenoceptor agonists, including SR 59104A (N-[(6-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-(2R)-2-yl)methyl]-(2 R)-2-hydroxy-2-(3-chlorophenyl)ethanamine hydrochloride), SR 59119A (N-[(7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-(2R)-2-yl)methyl]-(2R) -2-hydroxy-2-(3-chlorophenyl)ethanamine hydrochloride), BRL 37344 (R,R + S,S) [4-[2-[[2-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-amino] propyl] phenoxy] acetic acid), and of isoprenaline and salbutamol in the absence or in the presence of propranolol alone or in combination with the beta3-adrenoceptor antagonist SR 59230A (3-(2-ethylphenoxy)-1-[(1S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1- ylamino]-(2S)-2-propanol oxalate) on amplitude of spontaneous contractions. To evaluate a possible beta2-adrenoceptor-mediated effect, we studied the action of these compounds on human isolated bronchi. On the human isolated colon, SR 59119A, SR 59104A and isoprenaline reduced the initial amplitude of spontaneous contractions by 60%. The curves obtained in the presence of antagonists suggested an action mediated by beta3-adrenoceptor stimulation, since propranolol did not antagonize the action of SR 59119A and SR 59104A, whereas the combination of propranolol and SR 59230A significantly displaced the concentration-response curve of these agonists to the right. This study provides pharmacological evidence of modulation of human colonic motility, and especially of the amplitude of spontaneous contractions, by the atypical beta-adrenoceptor, the beta3-adrenoceptor.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1998

Influence of beta-adrenoceptor agonists on the pulmonary circulation. Effects of a beta3-adrenoceptor antagonist, SR 59230A.

The aims of this study were (a) to compare in the rat isolated perfused lung preparation, the effects of isoprenaline and of three beta3-adrenoceptors agonists, SR 59104A, (N-[(6hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphtalen-(2 R)-2yl)methyl]-(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(3-chlorophenyl)ethanamine hydrochloride), SR 59119A (N[(7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphtalen-(2R)-2yl)methyl]-( 2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(3-chlorophenyl)ethanamine hydrochloride) and SR 58611A (ethyl¿(7S)-7-[(2R)-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethylamino]-5,6,7, 8-tetrahydronaphtalen-2-yloxy¿acetate hydrochloride) on hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction, and (b) to investigate the potential existence of atypical beta-adrenoceptors in these effects. Propranolol (0.1 microM) was used to antagonize beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptors whereas SR 59230A, 3-(2-ethylphenoxy)-1-[(1S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapht-1-ylam ino]-(2S)-2-propanol oxalate) (0.3 microM) was used to block beta3-adrenoceptors. Isoprenaline and the three beta3-adrenoceptors agonists caused concentration-dependent relaxations during the pulmonary pressure response. Propranolol and SR 59230A inhibited the relaxant effects of isoprenaline. SR 59230A but not propranolol inhibited those of SR 59104A. Finally, propranolol and SR 59230A failed to oppose SR 59119A- and SR 58611A-induced relaxant effects. In concentrations > or = 1 microM, SR 59230A caused per se a relaxation of the hypoxic vasoconstricted lung. These results suggest the existence of atypical beta-adrenoceptors in the rat pulmonary vessels.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1997

Selective surgical indications for iatrogenic hemobilia.

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to assess the place for surgery in patients with iatrogenic hemobilia. METHODS: Nineteen patients were treated for hemobilia caused by percutaneous liver biopsy (n = 11), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC, n = 5), or percutaneous biliary drainage (PBD, n = 3). Selective embolization was attempted in all patients who bled after percutaneous liver biopsy or PTC but one, whereas irrigation via the external catheter was tried first in patients bleeding after PBD. RESULTS: Selective embolization was successful in 13 cases (87%) of 15. Technical impossibility of selective embolization (n = 2) and absence of recognizable vascular lesion (n = 1) were the reasons for surgery in three actively bleeding patients. Indications for delayed surgery included hemocholecystitis (n = 3) and inadvertent embolization of the gallbladder (n = 1). Biliary decompression was only required after PTC and was achieved by endoscopic sphincterotomy (n = 3), percutaneous transtumoral intubation (n = 1), or surgery (n = 1) after failure of percutaneous biliary dilation. After PBD, repeat irrigation and tube replacement were used to stop the bleeding and to decompress the biliary tract without embolization or surgery. None of the 19 patients died, and none experienced recurrent bleeding. CONCLUSION: Surgical indications for iatrogenic hemobilia are limited and include failure or complication of arterial embolization, hemocholecystitis, and failed attempt at endoscopic or percutaneous biliary decompression in case of obstructive jaundice.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug prescribing patterns in general practice: comparison of a general practitioner-based survey and a pharmacy-based survey in France.

PURPOSE: In order to assess biases occurring in primary care prescription studies, we compared non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) prescribing patterns reported by general practitioners directly (GP-based survey) and from a pharmacy-based survey of general practitioner prescribing (pharmacy-based survey). METHODS: Volunteer GPs of the administrative area of Côte d'Or (France) returned a mailed questionnaire on NSAID prescribing patterns for consecutive patients seen during a 2-month period. In order to obtain a reference basis, pharmacies of the same administrative area provided all prescriptions that included NSAIDs during a 1-week period originating in general practice. RESULTS: The rate of participation was 25% for the GPs and 40% for the pharmacies. Participant GPs were representative of GPs of the area with regard to sex, year of graduation and practice area but pharmacies from rural areas were over-represented. The GP-based survey and the pharmacy-based survey provided respectively 770 and 1050 prescriptions. There were no differences between either survey in the type of NSAIDs prescribed and in the most frequently associated drugs. GPs who volunteered in the GP survey prescribed NSAIDs more frequently orally and at higher doses than GPs involved in the pharmacy-based survey. They also prescribed more gastroprotective drugs, especially in the elderly. None of these results could be explained by differences in patient characteristics and GP practice areas. CONCLUSION: GPs who actively participate in prescription surveys exhibit prescribing patterns that fit better with official recommendations than the average. Although selection biases cannot be ruled out, it is suggested that some changes in GP prescription habits may have been induced by the survey itself.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Inhibition of uterine contractions: new in vitro pharmacological approaches on the pregnant human myometrium].

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors (PDE4I) and their combination with salbutamol (beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist) on spontaneous contractions and to investigate by in vitro and biochemical studies and analysis of mRNA expression the presence of beta 3-adrenoceptor in human near-term myometrium. Rolipram, RP 73401 and Ro 20-1724 (PDE4I) inhibited spontaneous myometrial contractions (Emax approximately 100 per cent; pD2 approximately 6.80 for the two first and 6.31 for Ro 20-1724). Rolipram 10(-8) M potentiated the response to salbutamol (Emax = 88 per cent vs. 40 per cent and pD2 = 6.93 and 6.36 with or without rolipram respectively). SR 59119A, a beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist, was more efficient than salbutamol in inhibiting the contractions (Emax 52 per cent and 27 per cent respectively, p < 0.05) but they both induced a significant increase of cAMP production. In both functional and biochemical studies, SR 59119A was only antagonized by the beta 3-adrenoceptor antagonist SR 59230A. The beta 3-AR mRNA was positively expressed in myometrium preparations in a reverse transcription polymerase chain assay. In conclusion, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors alone or combined with beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists and beta 3-adrenoceptor agonists might have potential interest as tocolytic agents.

4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of apolipoprotein E polymorphism in alcoholic cirrhosis].

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the polymorphism of apolipo-protein E was associated with the development of alcoholic cirrhosis and could influence the severity of liver injury evaluated by the Child-Pugh score. METHOD: We investigated 75 alcoholic patients with a histological diagnosis of cirrhosis, with negative HBV, HCV serology and a control group of 54 subjects. Polymorphism of apolipoprotein E was performed using PCR. RESULTS: There was no difference for the allele frequency and the genotype in the cirrhotic group and the control group. Cirrhotic patients with allele epsilon 2 had higher concentration of albumin (P = 0.01) and a higher level of apolipoprotein AII (P < 0.05) than those with allele epsilon 3. They also had a higher concentration of apolipoprotein AI than cirrhotic patients with allele epsilon 3 and epsilon 4 (P = 0.01). There was a statistical difference between the three genotype groups for prothrombin time (P = 0.01). There was no statistical difference between the three genotype groups for Child-Pugh score. CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphism of apolipoprotein E was not associated with the development of alcoholic cirrhosis. However patients with allele epsilon 2 had better hepatocellular function.

Adult↗