Emergence of the permanent dentition: ethnic variability among Israeli children.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
M Baras
Publications and source records attributed to M Baras.
Protection of mice by intraperitoneal vaccination against challenge in the foot pad with Mycobacterium marinum.
In a study of local infection of mice with Mycobacterium marinum, heat-killed M. marinum suspended either in Hanks' balanced salt solution or in Freund's incomplete adjuvant was administered i.p. to BALB/c mice. The mice were challenged in the hind foot pad 3, 7, or 14 days thereafter with 5 x 10(3) viable M. marinum. At every time interval, killed M. marinum in the saline medium conferred modest protection against the challenge infection, whereas the antigen suspended in adjuvant conferred protection only when the challenge was administered 14 days after vaccination. Freund's incomplete adjuvant appeared to enhance the infection and to minimize the immune response to the antigen.
Animals↗
Stages in the emergence of the dentition: an improved classification and its application to Israeli children.
An improved classification of dental development according to the eruption sequence of morphological dental classes is presented. The definitions ensure that the stages are mutually exclusive and permit a clear estimate of all developmental sequences. The age distribution for each dental stage, investigated for a sample of 2116 Israeli children, was found to be normal with a small but systematic skewness; this could reflect the greater variability in age at which children leave a dental stage than at which they enter it. All dental stages initiate and terminate earlier in girls. The sequence of emergence of permanent teeth is virtually identical in both sexes except for the canines. Maxillary and mandibular incisors and canines erupt somewhat later than those in other populations.
Adolescent↗
Alcohol drinking in Jerusalem.
Alcohol use was assessed in a random sample of middle aged Jewish parents (1043 men and 591 women) who were interviewed at Visit 2 of the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study in Jerusalem in 1976-80. A standard questionnaire probed drinking frequency (times per week) and quantity (number of drinks per week). Only 15.7% of men and 3.8% of women drank more than twice weekly, the mean number of drinks being 3.5 and 1.3 for men and women respectively. Teetotalism was rare and most subjects (61.9% of men and 55.1% of women) drank once or twice weekly, reflecting the high proportion of the Jews who use wine for sacramental purposes. Immigrants from North Africa drank more than native born Israelis or immigrants from Asia or Europe. Drinking was most frequent among men in lower status occupations, though the opposite was true of their wives. Season had a marked impact on the quantity and type of drinking, the mean number of drinks per week reaching a maximum in late winter and a minimum in summer. More beer was consumed in summer and more spirits in winter.
Adult↗
Changes in semen quality in Jerusalem between 1990 and 2000: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether sperm quality has changed during the years 1990-1999 among men residing in Jerusalem, Israel, who were involved in treatment by intrauterine insemination (IUI). Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed. A total of 2638 male partners in couples that underwent treatment by IUI participated in the cross-sectional investigation. Of them, 417 men (16%) were included in the longitudinal study. Total sperm counts and percent motility were evaluated on an annual basis to assess changes over 10 years from 1990 through 1999. A significant downward trend in sperm count and motility was demonstrated in the cross-sectional study. Sperm count decreased by 5.2 x 10(6)+/-0.9 x 10(6) (p<.0001) each year and percent motility declined by 0.50+/-0.14% (p=.0003). Similar changes were found in the longitudinal evaluation, but they were not statistically significant. These data suggest that during the last decade in Jerusalem, sperm count and motility declined significantly among men involved in infertile relationships and treated by IUI.
Cross-Sectional Studies↗
Adolescent preventive health visits: a comparison of two invitation protocols.
BACKGROUND: Adolescent health care in family practice at times creates conflicting responsibilities for parents and their teenagers. In the context of a new adolescent preventive health program in a family practice setting, we compared attendance rates using two invitation protocols, the protocols differing in their emphasis on adolescent autonomy vs parental responsibility. METHODS: One hundred six teenagers in the seventh and tenth grades were invited for preventive health visits with the family nurse and physician using two protocols. Protocol 1 involved obtaining parental consent before approaching the adolescent. With protocol 2, an invitation letter and parental consent form were mailed to the teenager, while a letter of explanation was sent concurrently to the parents. In each case, the letter of invitation was followed up by a telephone call for those who did not respond. The spontaneous response rate (a positive response after receiving the letter), agreement to attend rate (a positive response after receiving the letter or being telephoned), and the attendance rate were determined according to grade, sex, and protocol. RESULTS: The spontaneous response rate was 21%, the agreement to attend rate was 75%, and the attendance rate was 44%. Attendance rates were higher for the girls compared with the boys (54% vs 35%, P = .08) and for the seventh graders compared with the tenth graders (53% vs 31%, P = .03). The spontaneous response rate was lower among the tenth graders using protocol 2 (8% vs 37.5% with protocol 1, P = .04), while the agreement to attend rate and attendance rate did not differ for the two protocols. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly one half of this population of adolescents attended preventive health visits at the family nurse's and physician's initiative. A follow-up telephone call after the initial written invitation resulted in increased participation, while approaching the teenager or parent initially did not make a difference in attendance. This pilot study shows the potential for initiating an adolescent health program in the family practice setting.
Adolescent↗