Paleontology. The case of the 'forged' letter.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Balter.
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Researchers at France's giant biomedical research agency, INSERM, are rejoicing over a 16% hike in the organization's research budget for 2001. The windfall, announced by INSERM director-general Claude Griscelli last week, is the biggest such increase since 1983.
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In October 1998, World Health Organization Director-General Gro Harlem Brundtland announced Roll Back Malaria, a multiagency crusade that aims to cut malaria mortality in half over the next 10 years. Brundtland might just be the one to pull it off, say numerous public health experts, although some researchers question whether the goal is realistic.
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Earlier this summer, two dozen scientists gathered here to take another crack at the question of viral origins and evolution. Fresh evidence that viruses have existed for billions of years suggests that they were on hand when the first cells arose. That has scientists wondering what role these stripped-down microbes played in the evolution of life.
For years, French research ministers have prodded the nation's scientists to make their research pay off for society. But that message has been slow to sink in. Last week, the government gave the assignment to a biologist who has done exactly that, but who believes that the carrot works better than the stick.
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A task force here has been studying cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), an incurable malady of the brain and nervous system that has been linked to eating beef or other products from cattle infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy or "mad cow disease." The team's goal is to find out just how the patients got infected and how many of them there may ultimately be. The number of confirmed or probable vCJD cases in the United Kingdom is still relatively small--a total of 80 as Science went to press--and recent estimates of the number of potential cases are lower than was once feared. Yet the task force's own recent results show that the incidence of vCJD is rising, and researchers remain determined to try to solve the riddles posed by vCJD.
Experts on brain-riddling spongiform diseases have grown steadily more uneasy over signs that so-called mad cow disease or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), which is linked to a lethal human illness, may be lurking in sheep. A study in the 10 August issue of Nature now offers evidence that BSE is not rampant in sheep after all, although scientists are far from ready to let their guard down.
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