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Biomedical subjects

M Baker

Publications and source records attributed to M Baker.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Physiological changes in caged layers during a forced molt. 4. Leucocytes and packed cell volume.

Packed cell volume and circulating leucocyte numbers in force-molted, Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) hens were examined. Two groups of SCWL hens, reared under commercial conditions, were subjected to force molting (FM) at 70 (Trial 2) and 72 weeks of age (Trial 1). The force molting procedure consisted of a reduced photoperiod (6 hr), feed removal for 12 days (Trials 1 and 2), and water withdrawal for 1 day (Trial 1 only). Cessation of egg production was achieved in 6 days. Control (CON) hens were maintained in each trial with no change in daylength, and feed and water were available ad libitum. The FM hens exhibited a significant increase in packed cell volume (PCV) from the time of feed removal until immediately prior to resumption of egg production. This effect was not associated with water deprivation. The FM hens exhibited numerically increased numbers of total leucocytes (TWBC) and monocytes throughout the nonlaying period. However, the increase was significant on Day 14 of both trials for TWBC and on Days 21 and 35 (Trial 1) and Days 14 and 48 (Trial 2) for monocytes. A significant eosinophilia was observed on Days 7 and 14 of both trials. Changes associated with lymphocytes, heterophils, and basophils were inconsistent. Lymphocytes were increased significantly in the FM hens of Trial 2 from Day 21 to Day 48, but no significant difference occurred in Trial 1. A heterophilia was exhibited by the FM hens of Trial 1 on Days 7 and 14, but not in Trial 2. Conversely, a significant basophilia was observed on Days 7 and 14 in Trial 2, but not in Trial 1. These data suggested that an increased PCV, eosinophilia, and possibly increased TWBC and monocyte numbers were associated with a forced molt in caged SCWL hens.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[New data on the Dipetalonema lineage (Filarioidea, Nematoda)].

The evolutionary line of Dipetalonema can apparently be divided into four groups: I: Australian species; II: paleoendemic South American species; III: the Tetrapetalonema group; IV: the Acanthocheilonema group. Loxodontofilaria at present insufficiently known to be classified and several species belonging to the Acanthocheilonema group are the object of the present study. Descriptions are given of Loxodontofilaria asiatica n. sp., parasite of Elephas indicus in Burma, Cercopithifilaria degraaffi n. sp., parasites of Papio ursinus in South Africa, C. cephalophi n. sp., parasite of Cephalophus dorsalis and C. gabonensis n. sp., parasite of Atherurus africanus in Gabon. Additional morphological data are given on Cercopithifilaria didelphis, C. rugosicauda, Acanthocheilonema pachycephalum, A. viteae, Molinema dessetae, Dipetalonema gracile, Orihelia sp., Skrjabinofilaria skrjabini, Breinlia (B.) spratti, Litomosa sp., Loxodontofilaria hippopotami. Yatesia n. gen. with type species Yatesia hydrochoerus (Yates, 1980), is proposed, distinguished by specialized characters of the posterior extremity. The genus Cercopithifilaria is used to accomodate species considered as specialized Acanthocheilonema. Chenofilaria is placed in synonymy with Acanthocheilonema. Loxodontofilaria includes the three filarid species from elephants, L. loxodontis, L. gossi, L. asiatica n. sp. and the species from the Hippopotamus, L. hippopotami; D. okapiae is considered a species inquirenda. The interpretation given for the neotropical fauna is the following: --Skrjabinofilaria, Orihelia, Dasypafilaria and Dipetalonema may be true paleoendemics in South America. --Molinema and Ackertia on the one hand and Yatesia on the other may be forms of African origin introduced at the end of the Eocene during the migration of African rodents into South America. The cpature in American reptiles (the genus Macdonaldius) could have occurred during this period. --Surprisingly, the two species of Dipetalonema in Didelphis may be late captures of neartic origin: A. pricei from Acanthocheilonema in carnivores and C. didelphis from a Cercopithifilaria in eutherian mammals.

Africa↗
PubMed1980

Squamous cell carcinoma arising in benign adenolymphoma (Warthin's tumor) of the parotid gland.

Adenolymphoma of the parotid gland is a benign tumor occurring primarily in middle-aged males. Major texts of surgery and pathology state that this tumor is not malignant nor does it undergo malignant degeneration. This report demonstrates squamous cell carcinoma arising in a parotid adenolymphoma in a patient with no other malignancy or previous irradiation to the head and neck.

Adenolymphoma↗
PubMed1980

Effects of chronic ethanol feeding on rat hepatocytes.

Ethanol was fed at a level of 35% of total caloric intake to mature male rats for intervals of one to 38 days. Mitochondrial content of cytochrome c oxidase per mg protein was maximally depressed, to 40% of control values, after 10 days feeding. After 15 days of ethanol feeding, leucine incorporation into total hepatocyte protein, as well as into total intracellular (subcellular fractions) or extracellular (secreted) proteins was substantially inhibited. At the level of total protein, alterations in isotope ratio as a consequence of ethanol feeding were only manifest in the secreted proteins. However, when component proteins of subcellular fractions were separated by gel electrophoresis, two specific early effects of ethanol feeding on protein synthesis by the endoplasmic reticulum could be detected. Aberrant isotope ratios established that synthesis of two entities, of 20000 and 50000 apparent molecular weight, was depressed after intervals of one and five days, respectively, feeding of 10% ethanol.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1979

Isolation and characterization of granulocyte lysosomal proteins and study of their effects on the clotting system.

Lysosomes (granules) of rabbit PMN leukocytes were extracted with either HCl or H2SO4, and the extracts were chromatographed over Sephadex to separate protein constituents. Some of the low molecular weight cationic proteins homogeneous on SDS PAGE (8% and 12.5% gels) were characterized by electrophoretic mobility in acid gels and by amino acid analysis. A 3,700 dalton polypeptide, rich in arginine and cysteine, prolonged the partial thromboplastin time of normal plasma. In low concentration, this protein shortened the clotting time of pure fibrinogen by thrombin. In high concentration this lysosomal cationic protein precipitated fibrinogen from solution; no fibrinopeptides were released to suggest cleavage of fibrinogen. Fibrinolytic protease activity was detected in crude H2SO4 extracts but not in crude HCl extracts. Two separate plasminogen activators, differing from kallikrein or prekallikrein, were isolated from the H2SO4 lysosomal extract and were partially characterized; neither exhibited proteolytic activity on fibrinogen free of plasminogen.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Age-associated changes in activities of rat hepatocytes. I. Protein synthesis.

Experiments involving simultaneous comparisons of cells from two animals establish an age-dependent decline in protein synthesis. Specific radioactivities of fractions from cells of aged animals (20+ months) are depressed 60% to 80% versus those from younger animals (2 to 14 months). Isotope ratio patterns derived by PAGE indicate that formation of a 20000 MW polypeptide of cytoribosomal origin is even more strongly and specifically depressed.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Quantitation of human thymus/leukemia-associated antigen by radioimmunoassay in different forms of leukemia.

Using a radioimmunoassay, increased levels of a human thymus/leukemia-associated antigen (HThy-L) have been detected in leukemic cells and plasma from most patients with E-rosette-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and a number of patients with E-rosette-negative ALL, acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), acute monomyelocytic leukemia (AMML), and acute undifferentiated leukemia (AVL). Low levels of HThy-L have been demonstrated in white cells from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (stable phase) and in mononuclear cells from patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia. The relationship between HThy-L and differentiation of hematopoietic cells is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking and the Rorschach Inkblot Test: relationships between two measures of creativity.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are any significant correlations between the subscores and total scores of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking and the Rorschach Inkblot Test, as scored by the Rorschach Index of Repressive Style. Twenty-six teachers of Grades 3, 4, and 5 and 51 fourth grade students were given, by group administration, the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking and the Rorschach Inkblot Test. Results show that although neither the Total Verbal, Total Non-verbal nor Over-all Torrance scores correlate significantly with either the Rorschach Human Movement score or with the Rorschach Total Movement score (HM + FM + m), there are significant relationships between the Total RIR, m score and the Over-all Torrance score. The main conclusion is that the Rorschach HM and Total M score measure artistic, associative, intuitive creativity, while the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking and RIR Total score measure divergent thinking.

Aptitude Tests↗
PubMed1977

Developing strategies for biofeedback. Applications in neurologically handicapped patients.

Strategies involving muscle biofeedback applications in the rehabilitation of neurologically handicapped patients are discussed. These include positioning of the limbs, initiating contractions, and controlling spasticity. Guidelines in the proper application of electrodes and biofeedback equipment are presented along with methods of documentation. The authors offer their training strategies as an initial guide and stress that uses of biofeedback need to be explored and documented.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1977

Platelet and plasma amine oxidase inhibition and urinary amine excretion changes during phenelzine treatment.

The treatment of depressed patients with the monoamine oxidase (MAO)-inhibiting antidepressant, phenelzine, was found to be accompanied by an 82 per cent reduction in platelet MAO activity and a 91 per cent reduction in plasma amine oxidase activity. Maximum reductions in enzyme activity occurred after 7 to 14 days of treatment; recovery of enzyme activity posttreatment required an average of 14 days for the platelet MAO and greater than 6 weeks for the plasma enzyme. Marked elevations in urinary tryptamine excretion occurred in conjunction with MAO inhibition during phenelzine treatment, but the magnitidue of urinary tryptamine change in individual patients was not closely correlated with the magnitude of enzyme activity reduction. Changes in platelet serotonin content serotonin content and in urinary catecholamine metabolites also occurred in response to phenelzine treatment.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1977

The pyloric septum: acquired or congenital?

Pyloric septa are occacionally found on radiographic or endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Their frequent association with peptic ulcer disease has supported an acquired etiology. The exact pathogenesis of this unusual anomaly, however, remains unclear and its natural history is unknown.

Aged↗