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Biomedical subjects

M Bacher

Publications and source records attributed to M Bacher.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Functional properties of isolated stroma and epithelium from rat ventral prostate during androgen deprivation and estrogen treatment.

To identify the functional activities of prostatic stroma under different hormonal conditions, isolated stroma and epithelium from rat ventral prostate (RVP, intact or one week castrated or estrogen-treated), were studied in metabolic labeling experiments. Using a semiquantitative stereological procedure, the relative proportion of the epithelial and stromal compartment was determined in situ. In addition, the distribution of the androgen receptor was visualized by in situ hybridization and by immunocytochemistry. In castrated animals protein biosynthesis of the stroma and epithelium exceeded the control value by a factor 7 and 5, respectively. In estrogen-treated animals protein biosynthesis was reduced, reaching only between one tenth and one fifth of the control value. The amount of stroma obtained from these animals was very low. These results were confirmed by stereological findings and indicate a differential regulation of prostatic stroma and epithelium after estrogen challenge and androgen deprivation. Estrogen receptor was induced in epithelium and stroma in estrogenized animals whereas the androgen receptor was reduced in experimental specimens. During estrogenization the biosynthetic activity of both stroma and epithelium is depressed, while estrogen responsivity of the epithelium in terms of estrogen receptor expression is increased. Androgen withdrawal results in active transformation of the gland through increased stromal biosynthetic activity and epithelial regression.

Androgens↗
PubMed1993

Stromal and epithelial cells from rat ventral prostate during androgen deprivation and estrogen treatment--regulation of transcription.

To identify the functional capacities of prostatic tissue, the expression of steroid hormone receptors, growth factors, oncogenes and particular enzymes was studied at the RNA level in isolated stromal and epithelial cells of rat ventral prostate (RVP) under different hormonal conditions (androgen deprivation, estrogen treatment). Slot blot and Northern blot analyses of isolated RNA resulted in characteristic changes: In the control prostate, androgen receptor (AR) mRNA was high in epithelium of intact prostate, but low in stroma. Its level was increased after castration in the epithelium during the initial 24 hours, whereas an only slight increase occurred in stroma after one week castration. The AR signal was not altered by estradiol treatment in epithelium and stroma. Conversely, the estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA, predominant in stroma and very low in epithelium, decreased after castration in stroma and epithelium within 24 hours and was absent one week later. After estrogen treatment the ER signal increased considerably in stroma. mRNA of both basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) were exclusively found in stroma. Both were low in controls and responded in a different way to castration and estrogen treatment within 24 hours. bFGF was increased in estrogen-treatment animals, while TGF-beta was induced by castration. Shortly after castration (2 hours) v-fos expression increased and reached a maximum after 6 hours, but was no more detectable after 12 hours in epithelium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Androgens↗
PubMed1993

[Current aspects on morphology and functions of the prostate].

The human prostate has a dual function in that it produces a number of secretory compounds conditioning the urethral surface for sperm passage and acting on spermatozoa as well as on vesicular coagulation proteins (semen liquefaction). In addition to differentially distributed and regulated steroid hormone receptors in epithelium and stroma, the prostate contains a large number of growth factors and their receptors. An incompletely understood paracrine regulation of growth and differentiation exists between epithelial cells, such as secretory, basal and neuroendocrine cells, as well as the underlying stroma (smooth muscle cells, fibrocytes). The presently available (malignant and non-malignant) prostatic cell lines have a number of disadvantages that render them of limited value in prostate cancer research.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The coordination of posture and voluntary movement in patients with cerebellar dysfunction.

Postural adjustments associated with the task of rising on tiptoes were investigated in a reaction time paradigm in 10 normal subjects and 18 patients with cerebellar disorders. Cerebellar dysfunction was due to either degenerative cerebellar disease, tumor, or ischemia. Displacements of the center of foot pressure (CFP) were recorded. The task, accomplished by the triceps surae muscle (executional activity, mean latency of 411 ms), is mechanically effective only if the center of gravity has been shifted forward in advance. To this effect, a phasic burst of preparatory EMG activity in the tibialis anterior normally occurs at a mean latency of 163 ms, shifting the center of gravity forward. Shortly thereafter, activity of the quadriceps femoris (175 ms) extends the knee and aids the forward shift of the center of gravity. Different aspects of this motor sequence were disturbed in individual patients: Latencies of preparatory and executional activity were uncorrelated in 15 of the 18 patients. Executional (n = 16) or preparatory (n = 13) EMG activity was tonic instead of phasic. Latencies of either preparatory or executional EMG activities or both were prolonged (n = 10). The time interval between motor preparation and execution was increased (n = 9). The trial-to-trial variability of biomechanical parameters and EMG latency was increased. Preparatory EMG activity in the quadriceps was entirely missing (n = 9), resulting in knee bending at the unsuccessful attempt to rise on tiptoes. Patients who were most severely affected had no preparatory activity at all (n = 2), and therefore were unable to perform the task.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Transverse expansion with plate appliances--their intermolar stability and significance for gingival recession].

This study was undertaken to investigate if transversal expansion with removable plates is a predisposing factor in the occurrence for buccal recessions in the molar region. In order to clarify a possible causal relationship, it is important to know to what extent the therapeutic expansion remains stable, 58 former patients, ages ten to 15, were studied following transversal expansion and non-extraction therapy with removable appliances. Intermolar expansion and stability, clinical crown length, and the incidence of buccal recessions on the incisors and six-year molars were evaluated. The study revealed that with relatively good intermolar stability (relapse between 13% and 14%), when compared with an untreated control group and with the data contained in the literature, recessions do not increasingly occur.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1992

Arguments against the prostatic origin of the R-3327 Dunning H tumor.

The Dunning tumor, originally described as a carcinoma of the rat dorsal prostate, has for long been used as an experimental model of prostatic cancer. We have recently presented a number of morphological findings that are incompatible with the prostatic origin of the H-subline of the Dunning tumor. In this paper, biochemical and immunohistochemical markers of rat prostate and mammary gland are studied in the R-3327 Dunning H tumor. Pieces of the H tumor were inoculated in male or lactating female rats. The electrophoretic protein pattern of Dunning tumor extracts was more similar to that of the mammary gland than the dorsolateral prostate. Proteins selectively appearing after metabolic labeling in Dunning tumors grown in lactating rats corresponded to labeled proteins in mammary glands from the same animals. Secretory proteins typical of the lateral prostate (SVS II) and dorsal prostate (transglutaminase) could not be detected immunohistochemically in the Dunning tumor. Western blot studies of tumor extracts and slot blot analysis of RNA preparations from the tumor confirmed the absence of SVS II and prostate specific transglutaminase from the Dunning tumor. On the other hand, the presence of mammary gland proteins such as milk fat globule membrane proteins, lactoperoxidase and lactalbumin were detected in the Dunning tumor by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, but were absent from the dorsolateral prostate. Transferrin-mRNA, expressed in the male urogenital tract and also in the liver and other tissues, was detected in the mammary gland and Dunning tumor, but not in the dorsolateral prostate. The absence of mammary gland secretory beta-casein in the Dunning tumor was related to the elevated Ha-ras oncogene expression in the tumor, previously reported to suppress casein expression. The findings clearly demonstrate that the prostate cannot be the origin of the Dunning tumor, presently being used in prostatic cancer research. The designation prostatic adenocarcinoma for this tumor is therefore invalid. Furthermore, the data support our view that mammary gland might be the origin of the Dunning tumor, although the derivation from the bulbourethral or the parotid glands cannot strictly be excluded.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Use of temporary crowns for corrections of malocclusions during the deciduous dentition in children with cleft lips and palates].

Diagnosis and correction of the a priori not normal development of the dentition in cleft palate children is of utmost importance in the primary dentition. Secondary preventive dental care using uncomplicated procedures is one of the most rewarding responsibilities in cleft orthopedics. Aesthetics in dentistry is stressed and cleft palate children should not be excluded out of consideration for their parents. A technical modification of the inclined plane using only tooth coloured materials for the treatment of sagittal and transverse anomalies of the primary dentition is presented. Case reports include a patient with a genetic disposition for anomalies in the ipsilateral maxillary quadrant.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Different pattern of expression of cellular oncogenes in human non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines.

Altered and deregulated cellular oncogenes were found in many human solid tumors. Except for a few types of tumors that consistently exhibited specific altered proto-oncogenes, the majority of tumors are associated with a number of transcriptionally activated cellular oncogenes. In the heterologous group of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), nothing about a specific pattern of proto-oncogene expression is known. Therefore, we investigated the expression of a panel of cellular oncogenes in NSCLC cell lines. DNA and RNA from 11 established NSCLC cell lines (4 adenocarcinoma cell lines, 3 squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, 3 large-cell carcinoma cell lines and 1 mesothelioma cell line) were isolated and analysed using the Southern, dot blot and Northern hybridization technique. c-myc RNA expression was found in all NSCLC cell line, L-myc expression only in 1 adenocarcinoma cell line, N-myc and c-myb expression in none of the 11 cell lines examined. No c-myc amplification could be detected in the DNAs. v-sis-related mRNA was observed in 5/11 cell lines without association to a specific NSCLC subtype. v-src-related mRNA, found in all tested cells, exhibited increased levels in 1 adenocarcinoma cell line (A-549) compared to the other cell lines. Binding sites for epidermal growth factor (EGF) had been described previously in NSCL, therefore we found erbB homologue transcripts coding for the EGF receptor in all NSCLC cell lines. Also, c-raf1-, N-ras-, Ki-ras-, and H-ras-related RNA expression was observed in all lines. We conclude that L-myc, N-myc, and c-myb expression does occur less frequently in NSCLC than in SCLC. Also amplification does not appear to be an important mechanism by which the c-myc proto-oncogene is activated in NSCLC. A specific pattern of oncogene expression could not be detected in NSCLC cells; each cell line examined showed its own pattern. However, transcriptional activation of a proto-oncogene like erbB, ras, raf, src, and c-myc, which are all involved in the progression pathway of EGF, may be a common feature of NSCLC.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung↗
PubMed1990

[The treatment of children with cheilognathopalatoschisis--a contribution to psychosocial rehabilitation].

The long-term treatment of cleft palate patients starts immediately after birth and is pursued in orderly fashion [correction of persecuted orderly] to adolescence. The results of anonymous survey of the opinion of parents of cleft palate children who undergo or underwent early treatment procedures, up to seven years of age, are presented. Questions concerned mother's or parent's experience of birth, first medical information, early orthopedic care and treatment, and psychosocial adjustment of the children as well. This study suggests that objective findings in children and subjective conditions of parents do not correlate in the beginning, as is to be seen in cleft palate versus cleft lip palate group. One other conclusion indicates the existence of a small quantity of parents able to accept their affected child without additional problems arising from the cleft.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Oral stereotypes in school children].

When children are asked about school, most say they look forward to it. Not a few children, however, experience feelings of insecurity about school, and in particular starting school. Some are even afraid, and in some cases the child is unable to cope with its fears alone. An orthodontist must reckon with continual or periodical school problems when planning therapy. These difficulties are an essential element of the child's psycho-social world, although by no means the sole element. The relationship between oral stereotypes in school-age children and the necessity of parent counseling or psychological/psychiatric aid for the child is investigated on the basis of clinical reports.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Oral habits in small children].

The correction of oral stereotypes when children still have their milk teeth is known to be a rewarding measure in the prophylaxis of dental anomalies. Based on clinical examples, questions concerning the methodology and necessity of mechanical intervention are discussed along with favourable times for such action. The casuistic discussion supports the following conclusions: 1. Oral stereotypes that remain persistent beyond the third year do not necessarily lead to dentition deformities. 2. The favourable moment to offer small children aid in getting rid of their habit is not necessarily a matter of chronological or dental age, but depends rather more on the phase of personality development the child is going through at the time.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1990

Associated postural adjustments with body movement in normal subjects and patients with parkinsonism and cerebellar disease.

Sequential postural adjustments associated with the task of rising on tip-toes were investigated in a reaction time paradigm in 30 normal subjects, 10 patients with Parkinson's disease and 2 patients with cerebellar lesions. The typical motor pattern observed in normal subjects consists of preparatory activity in tibialis anterior (TA, shifting the body forward) and quadriceps femoris (QUA, stabilizing the knee joint) followed by executional activity in triceps surae (TS) resulting in the movement itself. Shortening of TS without preparation would result in shifting the body backward and in flexion of the knee. The coordinated pattern of motor activities is obviously adapted to functional demands. Leaning forward or backward prior to the movement results in additional adaptive changes in the timing of preparatory versus executional EMG activity, and in the amount of preparatory muscle force. The basic pattern of preparatory (TA and QUA) and executional (TS) activity was preserved in most patients with Parkinson's disease. Reaction times were normal or only moderately delayed. Time intervals between postural preparation and execution were also normal. But trial to trial variation of reaction times was increased. In the two patients with cerebellar disorders, motor preparation in QUA was delayed beyond TS onset. EMG activity was tonic and cocontraction of antagonistic muscles occurred. The basic pattern of motor preparation and execution was again preserved. It must therefore be generated outside the basal ganglia and the cerebellum. The temporal coordination of muscular activity within each and between the two components and scaling of muscle force are under cerebellar control.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Syndrome patients within the framework of the early orthodontic treatment of infants with cheilognathopalatoschisis].

The orthodontist's early orthopaedic treatment of the newborn focuses on cleft palate infants and children with Down's syndrome. In more than 100 malformation syndromes, orofacial clefting occurs. The problem of syndrome diagnosis is discussed by way of clinical examples (Robin syndrome, Stickler syndrome). A case of orofacial digital syndrome serves to demonstrate the orthodontists contribution to syndromic diagnosis in early cleft rehabilitation.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1989

[The Tübingen implant within the scope of adult orthodontic treatment].

Prior to the replacement of a missing tooth with an implant the adult dentition, orthodontic treatment can be carried out to widen the space mesio-distally, correct the axial inclination of the neighbouring teeth and safeguard the anterior overbite. Implantation is not possible if, as a result of orthodontic treatment the gap cannot be widened to a minimum of at least 6 mm, if the alveolar bone is not thick enough in the vertical dimension or if the implant does not have sufficient space in the oro-vestibular direction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

24 hour continuous tremor quantification based on EMG recording.

A new method is described that allows continuous quantification of parkinsonian and essential tremor over a period of up to 24 h on the basis of surface EMG recording from antagonistic forearm muscles. Tremor extraction from EMG data and all other calculations are performed on a digital computer. The occurrence, intensity and frequency of tremor are calculated. The data evaluation is fully automatic, including quality control and elimination of artifacts. Since tremor changes considerably over a 24 h period, long-term quantification gives more reliable data to study diurnal variations and to control the effects of medical treatment on tremor. As an additional advantage tremor recording is not restricted to a laboratory environment. Tremor can be monitored under everyday conditions and in the presence of moderate voluntary EMG activity.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1989

Disturbances of motor preparation in basal ganglia and cerebellar disorders.

Movements of the arms (execution) in standing human subjects are preceded (preparation), accompanied, and followed (compensation) by muscular activity in postural trunk and leg muscles. Postural muscular activity compensates inertial forces acting on the body at the beginning and during arm movements and keeps the centre of gravity within the limits of stable upright standing. Standing normal subjects and patients performed bilateral arm elevations in response to an acoustic trigger. The beginning of EMG activity in the anterior deltoid muscle reflects the reaction time. Postural activity prior to the arm movement was observed in anterior tibialis, paraspinalis, and hamstring muscles. Compensatory muscular action occurred in the triceps surae. Motor preparation and compensation thus are an integral part of a motor programme. Muscles involved, latencies, and amount of EMG activity change with variations in the motor task (e.g. range of arm movement, changes in inertia of the arm, changes in initial body position). Reaction times and the pattern of preparatory and compensatory postural EMG activity were normal in most of the patients with Parkinson's disease. Reaction times were significantly increased in patients with cerebellar atrophy. The most prominent pathological feature in cerebellar patients was the inadequate temporal sequence of motor preparation and execution. Our results indicate that the basal ganglia play a minor role in motor preparation, whereas the cerebellum seems to coordinate the relative timing between motor preparation and execution.

Adult↗