Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Baba.
A report is made of a 52-year-old male whose main complaint was a painless tumor at the right side of the palate resulting in speech disturbance. He was diagnosed as a case of what Stout called benign mesenchymoma. Some discussion is also made of the tumor pathology in terms of genetic factors, predirective sites, age range, sex differences and therapy.
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Two E-rosette (spontaneous rosette with sheep red blood cells)-forming lymphoid cell lines were established. One (HPB-ALL) was derived from a young male Japanese patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and the other (HPB-MLT) was from a 62-year-old female Japanese patient with a leukemic T-lymphoid malignancy. Formation of E rosettes, absence of any immunoglobulin determinants, absence of EBNA (Epstein-Barr virus associated nuclear antigen) and very limited stimulating ability in mixed lymphocyte culture, were characteristics mostly identical with those of so far established T-cell-derived lymphoid cell lines, MOLT, CCRF-CEM, CCRF-HS-B2, RPMI-8402 and JM. Only HPB-MLT, however, has been derived from an aged patient with T-lymphoid malignancy.
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Delayed hypersensitivity (DH) reaction can be induced in mice by intravenous sensitization with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). However, as the sensitizing procedure is quite different from a usual mode of sensitization for DH using complete Freund's adjuvant (FCA), the nature of this reaction has been a matter of controversy. In an attempt to characterize this reaction, we placed special interest on two possibilities regarding the nature of this reaction; Jones-Mote reaction or tuberculin type DH. From the kinetics study on the DH after challenge, the DH reaction to SRBC in mice by intravenous sensitization was clearly distinguished from the Arthus reaction. The dose-response pattern of this reaction also suggested that the contribution of Arthus reactivity to delayed reactivity was negligible. Cell reconstitution experiments revealed this DH to be quantitatively thymus cell dependent. Furthermore, this DH required macrophages at its manifestation stage, and appearance of basophil infiltration at the lesion was absent. In addition, strain difference and ageing of host mice influenced the DH reaction in exactly the same fashion in which these factors influence the tuberculin type-DH induced by subcutaneous sensitization with methylated human serum albumin (MHSA) in FCA. Taken collectively, it was concluded that this DH reaction can be categorized as the tuberculin type.
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To clarify the pathogenesis of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), quantitative measurement of CSF dynamics was attempted using RI techniques. In this study results concerning RI ventriculography and RI transfer test from CSF to plasma were reported. "Barrier ratio" and regional cerebral blood flow study in NPH will be reported elsewhere. Fifty-three patients with chronic communicating hydrocephalus wer devided into two groups. Thus, twenty-seven cases were diagnosed as NPH according to clinical symptoms and signs, and others were considered as mere chronic communicating hydrocephalus without any NPH characteristics. Results are as follows: 1) 169Yb--DTPA ventriculography; In NPH group, there was longer retention of RI injected into lateral ventricle, and RI activity was not detected in the cisterna magna 60 minutes after the injection. These findings show remarkable delay of CSF flow in NPH patients. 2) Transfer test of 169Yb--DTPA from CSF to plasma; Immediately after the RI injection, Transfer ratio of RI activity from CSF to plasma was measured. It was revealed that intraventricular RI was more rapidly transfered to plasma in NPH group compared with in the control group, suggesting accelerated trans-ependymal absorption of RI in NPH group.
A case of craniopharyngioma with a large cyst extending through the posterior fossa down into the upper cervical spinal canal was reported. The patient is a 14-year-old female who was operated on for the first time in 1970, because of a suprasellar calcified mass. Histological examination verified craniopharyngioma of adamantinomatous type. Since then, she had been operated three times because of deterioration of visual acuity. She was admitted for the fifth time in January, 1977, complaining of severe neck pain radiating bilaterally to the shoulders. Radiological examination demonstrated, besides the suprasellar tumor, a huge mass extending along the clivus down to the level of C3 of spinal canal. Anteroposterior diameter of bony spinal canal evidently enlarged in upper cervical region. Interpedicular distance also widened markedly in the same region. Laminae of C1-C3 vertebrae were abnormally stretched and the spinal cord was compressed posteriorly by the tumor. Suboccipital craniectomy verified a cystic tumor in the region of foramen magnum and cervical spinal canal. The medulla oblongata was pushed backward by the tumor. The cystic tumor was evacuated and the capsule of the tumor was partly resected, which was histologically verified as craniopharyngioma of squamous type. The patient was relieved from the neck pain after operation and discharged in April 1977.
In the previous study, quantitative analysis of RI ventriculography was reported in fifty-three cases with chronic communicating hydrocephalus. In this study, according to the same criteria as that of previous report, fifty-three cases were divided into two groups, namely NPH group (twenty-seven cases) and control group, which were considered as mere chronic communicating hydrocephalus without and NPH chalacteristics. (twenty-six cases). Results of "barrier ratio (B.R.)" measurement and regional cerebral blood flow study in these cases are as follows: 1) "Barrier ratio" using of 99mTcO4-: Concerning about B.R. of 99mTcO4- there was no significant difference between NPH and control group. However it tends to be that shunt surgery is not so effective in NPH cases in which B.R. shows abnormally low value. 2) rCBF by 133Xe clearance method: Regional cerebral blood flow was diffusely decreased in NPH patients, especially in its frontal area, suggesting the frontal area would be more severely damaged in NPH cases. These findings leads us to the conclusion that whether the shunt surgery might be effective or not depends on severity of cerebral dysfunction and the cerebral dysfunction is clearly evaluated by RI technique mentioned above.
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T-T-cell interactions involved in delayed hypersensitivity (DH) response have been studied by employing delayed foot pad assay to methylated human serum albumin in C57BL/6J mice. The DH response, one of the T-cell manifestations of cell-mediated immune response is suppressively regulated by T cells and such observation was based on studies of age-associated kinetics of foot pad reaction and effects of cell transfer and adult thymectomy on developing DH response. These suppressively regulatory T cells in DH have a life span of less than 4 wk and a constant derivation from the thymus is required. Such cells are numerous in the young mouse thymus and few in the spleen and thymus of old mice. On the one hand, the presence of a long-lived effector T-cell population was suggested in DH. These cells are numerous in the spleen and are low responders to phytohemagglutinin in vitro. It is assumed that these suppressive T cells interact with antigen-reactive cells at their proliferating stage by recognition of the iodiotypic difference through surface receptors. As in the case of graft-vs.-host and humoral response in vivo, three different subsets of immune competent cells participate in the DH response. These cells consist of one specifically antigen-reactive T cell, one suppressive regulatory T cell, and one bone marrow-derived cell, a macrophage that responds to a chemical mediator from sensitized effector T cells and that develops a DH skin lesion nonspecifically.
Acidophilic, thermophilic bacteria were isolated from Japanese acidic hot springs. They were spore-forming rods, identified as Bacillus acidocaldarius. DNA extracted from these acido-thermophiles showed no abnormality in chemical structure; it was instantly denatured and gradually decomposed giving rise to apurinic acid in a hot acid environment milder than the optimal conditions for the growth of the acido-thermophiles. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase extracted from B. acidocaldarius was not active at pH 5 or less, and was resistant to heat at neutral but not acid pH. The intracellular pH was computed to be neutral by using dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione. When uncouplers or inhibitors of respiration were added to the cells suspended in hot acid solution, the estimated pH was not changed and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the cells was not denatured. These results suggest that the cytoplasm of B. acidocaldarius is a hot neutral environment, and that a pH gradient across the cell envelope can be maintained even when oxidative phosphorylation or respiration is inhibited.