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Biomedical subjects

M Baba

Publications and source records attributed to M Baba.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Analysis of intracerebral hematoma shapes by numerical computer simulation using the finite element method.

The distortion and stress distribution in the brain caused by putaminal hemorrhage were estimated by computer stimulation using the finite element method (FEM). The two-dimensional model of a single cerebral hemisphere contained cortex, white matter, caudate nucleus, lenticular nucleus, thalamus, falx, and lateral ventricle. Five types of intracerebral hemorrhage were modeled at different locations in the lenticular nucleus. The models generated putaminal hematomas of various shapes influenced by the location of the bleeding points. Hematomas caused deformation of the brain, collapse of the lateral ventricle, and destruction of the internal capsule. The stress distribution revealed various patterns influenced by the site of bleeding. The stress in the area of the internal capsule corresponded to the extent of destruction of the internal capsule. This study suggests that FEM modeling of putaminal hemorrhage can provide a useful simulation.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1994

[Diagnostic value of glass microfibre-based basophil histamine release test in food allergic children. Comparison with specific IgE antibody and skin scratch test].

We evaluated the diagnostic value of the glass microfibre-based histamine release test (HRT), which allows measurements to be performed using small amounts of whole blood, in 50 children with food allergy case histories. The patients were evaluated by radioallergosorbent tests (RAST), skin scratch tests (ST) and food challenge tests. Of the 50 patients, 39 had a confirmed clinical diagnosis of food allergy from food challenge tests and case histories, and were affected by a total of 60 positive allergens (egg 37, milk 11, soy beans 4, wheat 5, rice 3). The concordance, sensitivity, and specificity of HRT with the clinical diagnosis were 85.3%, 66.7% and 92.1%, those of RAST were 59.4%, 90.0% and 48.2%, and those of ST were 84.7%, 71.8% and 88.7%, respectively. The positive predictive values of HRT, RAST and ST were 75.5%, 38.8% and 66.7%. The false positive ratio of HRT (24.5%) was the lowest among all the tests. There was a significant correlation between HRT and RAST (r = 0.513, p < 0.001). However, the concordance of HRT with respect to RAST was 56.0%. The concordance and specificity of HRT in relation to the clinical diagnosis were higher than RAST and the same as ST. The sensitivity of RAST was higher than that of HRT. From these results, we concluded that RAST is good for the screening of allergens and that HRT is a useful diagnostic method for the confirmation of a clinical allergy.

Basophils↗
PubMed1994

[An autopsy case of lung cancer metastasizing to renal cell cancer and rectal villous adenoma].

A 67-year-old woman with bloody stool was admitted to our hospital. Chest radiograph on admission showed a tumor shadow in the right lower lung field. Lung adenocarcinoma of right S6 and villous adenoma of the rectum were detected. Although she was treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, she died of respiratory failure. At autopsy, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the right lung, renal cell carcinoma, and villous adenoma of the rectum were confirmed. Lung adenocarcinomas were detected in the focus of the renal cell carcinoma and in the villous adenoma. Metastasis of a cancer into another coexisting tumor in the same individual is extremely rare, and a satisfactory explanation for this phenomenon has not yet been offered.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[A case of benign intracranial hypertension associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) showing diffuse white matter lesions on MRI].

We describe a 35-year-old woman with benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). She had low grade fever and skin eruptions, but neurological examination revealed no abnormal findings. Antinuclear and anti ds-DNA antibodies were positive, and complements were decreased. MRI demonstrated diffuse hyperintense white matter lesions on T2-weighted imaging. Mild bilateral papilledemas developed in the fundi, when her headache was exacerbated. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure was 550 mmH2O. Cerebral angiography showed no cerebral sinus thrombosis. She was diagnosed as BIH secondary to SLE. Since RI cisternography revealed remarkably delayed absorption of the CSF, it was speculated that the CSF absorption by arachnoid villi would be probably disturbed in association with some autoimmune mechanisms by SLE. The subsequent rise of intraventricular pressure may result in retrograde transependymal flow of the CSF and the diffuse hyperintense white matter lesions on MRI.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A case of pulmonary hypertensive crisis (PHC) treated with prostaglandin E1 and tolazolin after surgery of ventricular septal defect in an adult].

A 32-year-old woman was diagnosed with ventricular septal defect (VSD) with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH). Though Pp/Ps was 0.98, an operation was carried out because the index of pulmonary vascular disease (IPVD) was 1.73. Pp/Ps on the operation day was 0.51 and extubation was carried out on the next day. Five days after the operation, she suffered shock, convulsions and loss of consciousness, but these were relieved by endotracheal intubation. On the 7th day, because Pp/Ps was 0.97, we confirmed the diagnosis of PHC. PHC was treated by intravenous continuous infusion of a high dose of PGE1 (220 ng/kg/min) and tolazolin (Tz) (7-18 micrograms/kg/min) in combination with norepinephrine (0.07 microgram/kg/min) via a catheter in the descending aorta. Pp/Ps soon decreased and was 0.60 at 15 hours after administration of PGE1 and Tz. To prevent recurrent PHC, she was administered with PGE1 (20-60 ng/kg/min) intravenously for 3 weeks after improvement of PHC. As side effects of PGE1, she showed swelling and arthralgia of the hands and feet after 2 weeks. Those side effects improved after discontinuing of administration of PGE1.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Posterior interosseous syndrome in acute Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Four cases presenting with posterior interosseous nerve syndrome (PIS) in the early period of acute Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) are described. The characteristic signs of PIS, consisting of finger extension inability, partial loss of power in wrist extension, and radial deviation during attempted wrist extension were demonstrated bilaterally. Radial nerve conduction study revealed a fall in of compound muscle potential amplitude after proximal stimulation. The signs of PIS became indistinguishable during the course of the illness; this was due to further progression of the forearm weakness veiling the syndrome in some patients, or recovery following plasmapheresis in others. Three of them were amateur sportsmen, in whom active supination-pronation of the forearm was probably responsible for this particular presentation.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1994

Initial events and T cell activation in lymphokine-mediated allergic responses in patients with hen egg allergy.

Specific induction of IL2-responsiveness by ovalbumin-stimulated lymphocytes was studied in patients with hen egg allergy. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of the cells showed that the IL2-absorbing and IL2-responding cells mainly consisted of CD3+2+4+8-45RA+ cells that may act as helper cells for IgE production and/or as effector cells for delayed type hypersensitivity. beta-Chains (P75) of IL2 receptors were involved in ovalbumin-induced IL2 responsiveness of the patients' lymphocytes, whereas the alpha-chains (p55) were expressed on normal lymphocytes stimulated with ovalbumin as well. Adhering mononuclear cells from patients allergic to ovalbumin but not to Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) were pulsed with ovalbumin antigen then added to a T cell-rich population. After five days of culture, we evaluated cell growth for IL-2 sensitivity during an additional 3-day culture in the presence of IL-2. Responder cells from the patients, which were cocultured with ovalbumin-pulsed autologous adhering cells, acquired IL2 responsiveness; whereas, those cultured with Df-pulsed adhering cells did not. This reaction was specific for antigen. The monoclonal antibody to HLA-DQ (Leu 10) and HLA-DP (HLA-DP) frameworks, but not the one to the HLA-DR framework (OKIa1), blocked the antigen presenting cells ability to induce responses. T Cell-rich responder cells depleted of CD4+ cells did not acquire IL2-responsiveness, whereas the depletion of CD8+ cells had no effect. As a whole, the results indicate that DQ-bearing and/or DP-bearing adhering cells have a key function in presenting ovalbumin-antigen to allergen-specific responder T cells that very likely belong to CD4+ subsets.

Antigen-Presenting Cells↗
PubMed1994

[Correlation between respiratory or circulatory state and postoperative extravascular lung water volume in patients undergoing surgery for esophageal carcinoma of the thorax].

Postoperative extravascular lung water index (EVLWI, ml/kg) was analyzed in 30 patients who underwent esophagectomy through right thoracotomy for esophageal carcinoma from the day of operation to 5th postoperative day, in order to clear the correlation between respiro-circulatory state and EVLWI. The results are as follows. 1. EVLWI on 1st postoperative day correlated significantly not only with blood loss during operation (p < 0.01, r = 0.65) but also with systemic vascular resistance index on 1st postoperative day (p < 0.05, r = -0.43). 2. EVLWI correlated with the respiratory index (RI) on the 2nd and 4th postoperative day (p < 0.01), suggesting that EVLWI is an important indicator in judging the respiratory state following esophagectomy. 3. EVLWI on 4th postoperative day correlated with accumulative fluid balance up to 4th postoperative day (p < 0.05, r = 0.41), however neither correlated with other hydrostatic parameters nor the COP-PCP gradient. Furthermore, EVLWI on 4th postoperative day correlated more significantly with oxygen consumption index (p < 0.05, r = 0.58) than that with accumulative fluid balance up to 4th postoperative day. According to those results, the increased systemic vascular permeability immediately after the surgery attributes to the increase of EVLWI on the 1st postoperative day. Whereas, the increased EVLWI on 4th postoperative day depends on not only the hydrostatical factors but also the increased pulmonary vascular permeability caused by the surgical maneuver to the lung during esophageal surgery.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

[Effectiveness of a programme to improve housing conditions for elderly requiring supportive care in Edogawa-ku, Tokyo].

The programme in Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, for improvement of housing conditions for the elderly requiring supportive care, is unique in Japan in that it offers unlimited amount of benefits regardless of income status of beneficiaries. Between October, 1990, when the programme started, to March, 1992, total of 447 people utilized the programme. These 18 months were divided into three periods for comparative analysis of characteristics of users, details of improvement in housing conditions and cost (amount of benefits). The proportion of bed-ridden cases decreased during the later periods, with a corresponding increase in those who had improvements made to entrances and approaches to their residence. However, average cost of changes in housing features decreased in the later periods because there was less demand for expensive changes such as bathtub remodeling or installation of lifts on stairs. A survey by mail was conducted to find out the effect from the users' viewpoint. Valid responses were collected from 290 cases. Three aspects of improvement in housing conditions were assessed: improvement in daily activities, reduction in the care taker's burden, and reduction in the need for long-term institutional care. More than one-third of the users reported improvement in each of three aspects, and two-thirds had improvements in at least one out of the three items. There were intercorrelation among the three items, especially between improvement in daily activities and reduction of the care taker's burden. Analysis showed that improvements were reported in a greater proportion of those living alone or in a two-person household, those who utilized the programme following discharge from inpatient care, those who had their bathroom or bathtub remodeled, and those who had the more expensive changes made. Changes in entrances and approaches to the residence was correlated to an improvement in daily activities. Reduction in care-taker's burden was seen where stroke was the cause of being dependent and where a specially equipped bed was provided. Reduction in the need for long-term institutional care is related to family structure and number of rooms in the home, which are barriers to continuing home care.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Significance of preservation of tracheal proper sheath at the time of cervical and upper mediastinal lymph node dissection for thoracic esophageal cancer].

Extended lymph node dissection in the neck and upper mediastinum often brings about postoperative pulmonary complications. Since September 1987, we have performed this type of lymph node dissection in 18 patients paying special attention to the preservation of tracheal proper sheath along with left bronchial artery and autonomic nerve branches. We compared their postoperative respiratory and circulatory outcomes with those of 17 patients in whom lymph node dissection was carried out without consideration for these aspects. Tracheal mucosal damage, respiratory functional parameters such as PaO2, AaDO2 and Qs/Qp and actual incidence of pneumonia significantly improved in recent cases undergoing meticulous dissection in the neck and upper mediastinum. However, neither circulatory dynamics nor incidences of recurrent nerve palsy and arrhythmia showed a significant improvement. The postoperative period required for reappearance of cough reflex was shorter in this group of patients, but the difference was not significant. The results indicated that pulmonary disorders occurring frequently after extended lymph node dissection for thoracic esophageal cancer was able to be well controlled by meticulous dissection procedure as mentioned above.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Spontaneous IgE production in asthmatic children].

In this study, we demonstrated spontaneous IgE production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of asthmatic children. In 26 asthmatic children, the level of spontaneous IgE ranged 0.1-15.0 IU/ml and in 5 healthy normal children showed under 0.051 IU/ml. In 5 of asthmatic children, specific antibody of Dermatophagoides farinae was detected from PBMC by CAP RAST. In healthy normal children, specific antibody of Df was not detected. Spontaneous IgE production by PBMC and serum IgE level showed well correlation (gamma = 0.835, p < 0.001). Spontaneous IgE production and specific antibody of Df by PBMC also showed well correlation (gamma = 0.717, p < 0.001) IgE production of asthmatic children was inhibited by IFN-gamma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Selective inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by novel fluoroalkylated oligomers in vitro.

Several fluoroalkylated oligomers were found to be potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in vitro. Among the test compounds, bis(perfluoro-1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatetradecyl+ ++)methacrylic acid oligomer (MAA-HFPO5) emerged as the most potent inhibitor of HIV-1 replication. Its 50% antivirally effective concentration for the IIIB strain was 2.8 mu g/ml, whereas the compound did not affect the growth and viability of mock-infected MT-4 cells at concentrations < or = 100 micrograms/ml. MAA-HFPO5 was also inhibitory to other strains of HIV-1 in various human T-cell systems, including peripheral blood lymphocytes. MAA-HFPO5 inhibited syncytium formation and virus adsorption. The combination of MAA-HFPO5 with either 3'-azido-3'dioxythymidine or dextran sulfate resulted in an additive effect. Thus, fluoroalkylated oligomers are novel HIV-1 inhibitors that warrant further evaluation of their therapeutic potential.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1993

Preparation and anti-HIV activity of O-acylated heparin and dermatan sulfate derivatives with low anticoagulant effect.

In order to increase the ratio of anti-HIV activity to anticoagulant activity, glycosaminoglycan derivatives selectively substituted at OH and/or COOH groups were prepared. Standard heparin, heparin fragments, or dermatan sulfate were converted to their tributylammonium or tetrabutylammonium salts. Their selective O-acylation to various (controlled) degrees was carried out in a homogeneous way in N,N-dimethylformamide using carboxylic acid anhydrides and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine as catalyst. Esterification of the COOH groups was performed by the addition of alkyl halide to an N,N-dimethylformamide solution of glycosaminoglycan tetrabutylammonium salts. The in vitro anticoagulant activity, the activity against HIV-1 and HIV-2 cytopathicity, the cytotoxicity, and the activity on the induction of giant cell formation were determined. O-acylation (O-butyrylation or O-hexanoylation) of the heparin fragments obtained by periodate depolymerization (compounds 2d and 2e), and their esters (compounds 7i and 7j), yielded products with very low anticoagulant effects in vitro, yet potent activity against both HIV-1 and HIV-2 induced cytopathicity, and low, if any, cytotoxicity. As compared to other anionic polysaccharides, these acylated derivatives are more active as inhibitors of HIV-induced giant-cell formation. Their anti-HIV activity is related to the degree of O-acylation and is mainly due to the inhibition of virus adsorption to the target cells.

Acylation↗
PubMed1993

Structure-activity relationship studies with symmetric naphthalenesulfonic acid derivatives. Synthesis and influence of spacer and naphthalenesulfonic acid moiety on anti-HIV-1 activity.

Symmetric bis(naphthalenesulfonic acid) derivatives containing a variety of spacers have been synthesized and evaluated for anti-HIV-1 activity in four assay systems. In the assay that measured inhibition of HIV-1-induced cytopathogenicity using a laboratory strain (HTLV-IIIB), a hexamethylene and octamethylene spacer derivative of 4-amino-5-hydroxy-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid emerged as the most potent derivatives. The hexamethylene spacer analog exhibited an in vitro therapeutic index that was > 120. Selected derivatives were tested in the giant cell formation assay. In this assay, the most potent derivative was, again, the hexamethylene compound. Evaluation of selected derivatives against a clinical isolate of HIV-1 (HE strain) revealed that the hexamethylene derivative was the most potent compound. In the assay that measured the inhibition of HIV-1-induced cytopathogenesis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, the hexamethylene compound emerged as the most active derivative, demonstrating a 50% inhibitory concentration of 1.3 microM. These studies clearly demonstrate that certain naphthalenesulfonic acid moieties when coupled to specific spacers were synergistic in producing anti-HIV-1 activity at nontoxic concentrations. In the 4-amino-5-hydroxy-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid series, shortening of the spacer length, preferably with a flexible polymethylene chain, was highly beneficial for increasing anti-HIV-1 potency.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1993

Effect of human serum on the in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity of 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT) derivatives as related to their lipophilicity and serum protein binding.

Several derivatives of 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT) were examined for their inhibitory effects on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in MT-4 cells in the presence of various concentrations (10-50%) of human serum (HS). Although all HEPT derivatives proved to be highly potent inhibitors of HIV-1 in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum, some of them were less inhibitory to HIV-1 replication in the presence of HS. The HEPT derivatives were found to be highly bound to HS proteins. Both the anti-HIV-1 activity and HS protein binding of the compounds appeared to be related to their lipophilicity.

Acetylcysteine↗