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Biomedical subjects

M B Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to M B Taylor.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

In vitro lactic acid inhibition and alterations in volatile fatty acid production by antimicrobial feed additives.

Batch culture fermentations were used to determine the effects of avoparcin, lasalocid, monensin, narasin, salinomycin, thiopeptin, tylosin, virginiamycin, monensin + tylosin combination, and two new ionophore compounds (RO22-6924/004 and RO21-6447/009) on lactic acid and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production. Ruminal fluid from cattle fed a high alfalfa hay diet was incubated with glucose for 12 h in a buffered medium to determine the effect of antimicrobial compounds on lactic acid concentration. Fermentations treated with antimicrobial compounds had higher final pH and lower L(+) lactic acid concentration. Narasin and salinomycin were more inhibitory than other ionophore compounds. Monensin and tylosin in combination was more effective than monensin alone. Among the nonionophore compounds, avoparcin was the least effective and thiopeptin, tylosin and virginiamycin were extremely effective in reducing lactic acid concentration. Ruminal fluid from cattle fed a diet of alfalfa hay and grain (50:50) was incubated with a mixture of sugars, casein and urea for 12 h in a buffered medium to determine the effect of antimicrobial compounds on VFA production. Generally, total VFA concentration was not affected by antimicrobial compounds except RO22-6924/004, tylosin and virginiamycin, which caused a reduction at high concentrations. Tylosin, monensin and tylosin mixture, thiopeptin and virginiamycin at high concentrations (greater than 6.0 micrograms/ml) increased the acetate proportion. All compounds increased the molar proportion of propionate. Tylosin and virginiamycin at high concentrations (greater than 6.0 micrograms/ml) decreased the proportion of propionate. Monensin and tylosin in combination had no effect on propionate proportion. Among the compounds tested, narasin and salinomycin were the most effective in enhancing propionate proportion. Ionophore compounds were more inhibitory to butyrate production than the nonionophore compounds. Batch culture fermentations may be used to quantitate the relative efficacy of antimicrobial compounds to alter ruminal fermentation characteristics.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The occurrence and distribution of alpha-hydroxy-acid dehydrogenase in some members of the order Kinetoplastida.

LDH-X is the isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase found in mammalian spermatozoa, occurring in cytosolic and mitochondrial locations. Gossypol strongly inhibits it, and the spermicidal action of this compound is attributed to the disruption of a reducing shuttle. The flagellated protozoan, Trypanosoma cruzi, contains an enzyme activity similar to LDH-X, called alpha-hydroxy-acid dehydrogenase, which is here shown to possess cytosolic and glycosomal components. The glycosome is a microbody-like organelle containing the early glycolytic enzymes. We postulate that the inhibition of replication of T. cruzi by gossypol derives from interference with glycosomal reducing shuttles. T. lewisi resembles T. cruzi in this respect.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1986

The current status of pulse oximetry. Clinical value of continuous noninvasive oxygen saturation monitoring.

The history of the development of pulse oximetry is outlined and the principle of how the apparatus works is described. The instrument detects hypoxic hypoxia and the shape of the oxygen dissociation curve means that the minimum saturation alarm should be set at 94% in anaesthetic usage. It is accurate to within 2% and is usually unaffected by racial pigmentation, but accuracy can be affected in low perfusion states, hypothermia and in the presence of abnormal forms of haemoglobin and pigments in the blood. Its clinical evaluation in the operating theatre and intensive care unit is reported. It was found to be useful and reliable and would appear to have logistical and other advantages over current methods of detecting hypoxia. Pulse oximetry may make a significant contribution to the safety of anaesthetic practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Ventilatory effects of propofol during induction of anaesthesia. Comparison with thiopentone.

The ventilatory effects of induction of anaesthesia with either propofol 2.5 mg/kg or thiopentone 4.0 mg/kg have been observed in patients premedicated with either atropine alone or papaveretum and hyoscine. Induction of anaesthesia with propofol was accompanied by a greater degree of ventilatory depression which was of longer duration than following thiopentone. The effect was accentuated by the opioid premedication.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Contradictions in federal policies put elderly at risk of health care neglect.

Federal and state efforts to control hospital costs have increased the demand for home health services, especially services for the more acutely ill patient. At the same time, recent regulatory policies on Medicare eligibility and reimbursement are limiting the ability of home health agencies to respond. Examination of New Jersey home health data and case examples illustrate the increased demand, conflict with federal policy (as experienced in claim denials and loss of waiver of liability), and effect on patients and their families.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

One hundred twin pregnancies in a prenatal diagnosis program.

One hundred pairs of twins were encountered in 8,500 pregnancies having genetic amniocentesis. Only 5 of 27 (18.5%) pairs were recognized before the institution of routine ultrasonic examination, while 69 of 73 (94%) twin pairs were found after ultrasound use. Amniotic fluid was obtained from both sacs in 71 of the 73 (97%) identified twin gestations in which both twins were living at the time of amniocentesis.

Albinism↗
PubMed1983

Discrimination of innocuous and noxious thermal stimuli applied to the face in human and monkey.

Four humans and one monkey performed two-choice discriminations between simultaneous 3-sec heat stimuli applied to the face. All subjects produced more accurate discriminations in the noxious thermal range (approximately 47 degrees C) than in the innocuous thermal range (approximately 39 degrees C). The difference threshold, defined as the smallest temperature difference detected on 75% of the trials, was smaller for every subject at 47 degrees C than at 39 degrees C. The monkey's discriminative performance was comparable to that of humans in the noxious range, but inferior to that of humans in the innocuous range. Subjects' superior discrimination at noxious temperatures cannot be easily accounted for by differences in primary afferent activity of warm fibers and heat-nociceptive fibers. However, differences in central processing or attentional modulation could contribute to superior discrimination in the noxious range. These findings indicate that heat-sensitive nociceptors are capable of transmitting precise information about noxious thermal input to the skin.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Subcellular localization of some glycolytic enzymes in parasitic flagellated protozoa.

1. The glycolytic enzymes of Tritrichomonas foetus, unlike those of Trypanosoma brucei, are apparently not located in microbody-like organelles (glycosomes) but appear to occur in the cytosol. 2. The localization of the glycolytic enzymes in Crithidia fasciculata and in the epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi is however similar to that in T. brucei. 3. No evidence was obtained for the existence of glycolytic enzyme-containing microbodies in rat liver. 4. The glycosome is probably an organelle unique to members of the Kinetoplastida.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Dissecting coronary artery aneurysm: a report of two cases.

Two cases of sudden, unexpected death resulting from coronary artery dissection have been reported. Since sudden and unexpected death falls within medical examiners' jurisdiction, the systematic autopsy examination of such cases offers an opportunity to evaluate this entity as well as other rare causes of natural death. A review of the literature concerning the subject has been presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Ploidy, ascus formation and recombination in Torulaspora (Debaryomyces) hansenii.

X-ray inactivation studies on the type strain of Torulaspora hansenii carried out to determine ploidy, provided proof that the species has a haplontic life cycle, a fact which hitherto has only been presumed. Observations on the genesis of the ascus by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy provide no evidence for, what some earlier workers in this field have presumed to be, heterogamous conjugation between a mother cell and its bud. They do, however, show that asci, bearing obliquely-attached, vestigal, bud-like appendages, arise from some cells to form single, non-abstricting, and frequently, recurving protuberances which enlarge. These could, conceivably, be responsible for the impression that abstricted buds are connected to the mother-cells by bent copulatory tubes. The formation during sporulation of elongated protuberances and the presence of a medial, electron-dense line within the electron-translucent layer of the walls of ascospores fixed with OsO4 preclude the possibility of using these features to differentiate between the genera Torulaspora and Debaryomyces. Furthermore, recombinant studies, which involved the use of auxotrophic mutants, indicated that during sporulation the fusion of independent cells accounted for only 0.03-0.6% of the asci formed. The conclusion was reached that somatogamous autogamy must be the main agency of diploidization and that the species is largely inbreeding.

Conjugation, Genetic↗