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Biomedical subjects

M B Myers

Publications and source records attributed to M B Myers.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Role of Ca 125 as tumor marker in ovarian carcinoma.

Thirty-three healthy women (group 1), 20 patients with a history of ovarian carcinoma but no manifest disease at the time of the study (group 2), and 45 patients with surgically demonstrable ovarian cancer (group 3) were studied to establish guidelines for the use of the ovarian cancer antigen Ca 125 in monitoring the course of ovarian carcinoma. Ninety-nine percent of all Ca 125 titers of patients in groups 1 and 2 were less than or equal to 25 U/mL. By contrast, 96% of patients with manifest ovarian cancer had Ca 125 levels greater than 25 U/mL. Ca 125 values rising from the normal range to greater than 25 U/mL predicted recurrent disease in all of ten patients, provided benign causes (four cases) for titer elevations such as bowel obstruction could be ruled out. Seven of ten patients with recurrent cancer had elevated antigen levels two to five months before the diagnosis could be made clinically. In patients with Ca 125 values greater than 25 U/mL, titer changes of greater than or equal to 50% compared with reference values predicted tumor response or progression in 41 of 43 patients (95%) with antigen positive tumors. Antigen levels less than or equal to 25 U/mL did not exclude the presence of tumor at second look operation in six of 13 patients (46%). It is concluded that the Ca 125 is useful for the detection of persistent and recurrent disease, and for the evaluation of treatment responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Combination antiemetic therapy in cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting.

Twenty-seven consecutive patients with advanced gynecologic malignancies undergoing chemotherapy with cisplatin in combination with other agents were studied in a prospective, randomized fashion to compare the antiemetic efficacy of a combination regimen with high-dose metoclopramide. The combination regimen consisted of prochlorperazine, dexamethasone, and pentobarbital. Patients treated with the combination regimen had significantly less vomitus (P less than 0.01, Student's t test) and fewer vomiting episodes (P less than 0.001, test for homogeneity) than patients treated with metoclopramide. In addition, the sedative and sleep-inducing effect of the barbiturate made the experience of vomiting more tolerable, even in those instances where the combination regimen was not superior to metoclopramide in the control of vomiting.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Ineffectiveness of scalp hypothermia in the prevention of alopecia in patients treated with doxorubicin and cisplatin combinations.

Eleven patients were studied to determine the effectiveness of scalp hypothermia in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced hair loss. Scalp hypothermia was induced by the Kold Kap. The cytotoxic regimen used consisted of either cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide or cisplatin, doxorubicin, and methotrexate given at monthly intervals. All 11 patients required a wig by the end of the fifth course of chemotherapy because of severe hair loss. Ten of the 11 patients (91%) had severe hair loss by the end of the second course of chemotherapy. These results suggest that scalp hypothermia as used in this study is ineffective in preventing chemotherapy-induced alopecia in patients treated with cisplatin and doxorubicin drug combinations in doses commonly used for treatment of gynecologic malignancies.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1979

The effects of gravity on delayed and transplanted delayed tubed flaps.

Altering the position (elevated or dependent) had no immediate effect on the blood supply of delayed or transplanted delayed tubed flaps. However, after 72 hours the mean survival length in the dependent tubes was less than that in the elevated tubes. (This difference was only significant in the delayed untransplanted flaps, and not so in the delayed transplanted flaps). All of the dependent tubes had a significant increase in water content (compared to the elevated tubes). This increase was greater in the transplanted delayed tubed flaps. The tissue pCO2 levels were significantly increased after 24 hours in the dependent transplanted tubes, reflecting poor circulation and ischemia in them. The rate of clearance of subcutaneously injected technetium-99m was significantly increased in the dependent transplanted tubes after 72 hours, while in the elevated tubes the clearance rate was similar to that in normal skin. The morphological appearance of the vessels in these flaps complemented the results of the functional study.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Intracolonic tensions of oxygen and carbon dioxide in germfree, conventional, and gnotobiotic rats.

The relation of intracolonic gaseous tension to fecal microflora was investigated by mass spectrometric measurements of intracolonic O2 and CO2 in unanesthetized germfree, conventional, and gnotobiotic rats; ip measurements were obtained in rats whose colons became perforated accidentally; fecal bacterial flora and cecal size were also determined. Gnotobiotes were monoassociated with Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and were diassociated with E. coli plus B. fragilis and with Bacillus macerans plus an aerobic diphtheroid. Mean intracolonic Po2 in conventional rats (11.1 mmHg) was significantly lower than in germfree rats (12.8 mmHg); mean intracolonic Pco2 in conventionals (83.4 mmHg) was greater than in germfree rats (54.6 mmHg). Differences of Po2 values among all rats were slight. However, intracolonic Pco2 values were directly related to CO2 production by the normal intestinal flora, and were thus significantly lower in both germfree and gnotobiotic rats. Intraperitoneal tensions were independent of the status of rats, and the mean ip Po2 and Pco2 (38.9 and 49.1 mmHg, respectively) agreed with values in the literature. The enlarged cecum, characteristic of germfree rats, was also present in gnotobiotic rats. Counts of each bacterial species in feces of monoassociated rats were 10(8) to 10(10)/g; counts were progressively smaller in feces of diassociated rats and conventional rats (10(8) to 10(9)/g and 10(5) to 10(8)/g, respectively). Intracolonic gaseous tensions of CO2 clearly reflected the presence of a normal flora inconventional rats, and were inversely proportional to cecal size.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide and hydrogen peroxide on tissue gas tensions.

Tissue gas levels were measured in experimental skin flaps in rabbits, rats, and pigs. Devascularization of the flaps led to a fall in PO2 and a rise in PCO2 levels. Application of DMSO to ischemic rabbit flaps led to a fall in PCO2, DMSO and H2O2 led to a rise in PO2, an effect that lasted up to 90 min. Neither drug had an effect on the gas levels of flaps in either rats or pigs.

Animals↗