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Biomedical subjects

M B Hogan

Publications and source records attributed to M B Hogan.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Comparison of two disposable plastic skin test devices with the bifurcated needle for epicutaneous allergy testing.

BACKGROUND: The Greer DermaPIK and the Lincoln Diagnostics Duotip-Test are frequently used plastic, disposable, allergy skin testing devices. OBJECTIVES: To compare the prick method of using the bifurcated needle and DermaPIK with the Duotip-Test using both the scratch (rotation) and prick methods for sensitivity, precision, and level of discomfort. METHODS: Skin-testing was done with histamine and saline on the back in triplicate on 24 volunteers (mean age 32.8, seven males). Wheal and erythema were measured and a photograph was taken. Discomfort was rated on an analog scale. RESULTS: The bifurcated needle and the Duotip-Test prick technique had significantly smaller histamine wheal and erythema responses than either the DermaPIK prick or Duotip-Test scratch techniques (P < .05). The Duotip-Test scratch produced significantly larger wheals (mean 1.1 mm, P < .001) to saline than the other three methods. Erythema to saline by Duotip-Test scratch (mean 3.16 mm) was significantly larger than the bifurcated needle (mean 1.2 mm, P < .001) and Duotip-Test prick method (mean 1.6 mm, P < .01). There was no statistical difference in the histamine coefficient of variation among the four methods. The Duotip-Test scratch method was rated significantly higher in patient discomfort (mean 21.6, P < .05) than the bifurcated needle (mean 7.8). No differences in discomfort were noted between the other methods. CONCLUSIONS: The Duotip-Test scratch method had the largest mean wheal/erythema to histamine and the lowest CV. It had the most dermatographism and was more uncomfortable than the other methods. The other devices and methods were very similar in response to histamine and saline, and to precision and discomfort.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Basement shower hypersensitivity pneumonitis secondary to Epicoccum nigrum.

Two children developed hypersensitivity pneumonitis after extensive exposure to an unventilated basement shower. Commercial precipitin panels were negative. After home inspection, individual mold species were isolated from the household and extracted. Precipitating antibodies to Epicoccum nigrum were found in both children. Resolution of the hypersensitivity pneumonitis occurred with avoidance and glucocorticosteroid therapy. E nigrum is a newly identified etiologic agent for hypersensitivity pneumonitis found in a mold-contaminated home.

Allergens↗
PubMed1995

Idiopathic anaphylaxis. An attempt to estimate the incidence in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic anaphylaxis has been described and classified, and increasing numbers of cases are being seen in the United States and abroad. Treatment regimens have been shown to be effective in prophylactic management. There is no available information about the number of cases in the United States. METHODS: We attempted to determine the number of cases of idiopathic anaphylaxis in the United States by mailing a questionnaire to all graduates (for the last 31 years) of the Northwestern University Allergy-Immunology Fellowship training program. RESULTS: Response to the questionnaire was 100%, and 633 cases were reported by this survey of 75 allergists. The current total number of identified cases of idiopathic anaphylaxis from all reports of cases in the United States is 1020. CONCLUSIONS: By extrapolation of the cases of idiopathic anaphylaxis reported by the allergists surveyed to the approximately 4000 allergists in the United States, the estimated number of cases in the United States is between 20,592 and 47,024. Idiopathic anaphylaxis is potentially fatal, represents a source of major medical health care costs, causes anxiety to patients and families, occurs in pediatric and adult populations, and is controlled by appropriate regimens. The estimated number of cases emphasizes the need for careful attention to idiopathic anaphylaxis by physicians.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1995

Study of employees with anhydride-induced respiratory disease after removal from exposure.

The purpose of this study was to determine clinical and immunologic status of hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) employees who have had immunologic respiratory disease and who have been removed from exposure for at least 1 year. In a retrospective study, 16 consecutive employees with HHPA-induced immunologic respiratory disease who had been removed from exposure for more than 1 year were evaluated. Eleven had asthma, allergic rhinitis, or both; five had hemorrhagic rhinitis. Respiratory symptoms were obtained by physician-administered questionnaire. Physical examination, spirometry, and chest film were obtained. Antibody against HHPA conjugated to human serum albumin (HHP-HSA) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Symptoms, signs, and pulmonary functions were normalized in all employees. There was a decline in antibody titers for both IgE and IgG against HHP-HSA. There were no chest film findings attributable to HHPA. In this group, there appeared to be no evidence of permanent anatomic sequelae after removal from exposure for at least 1 year. Specific antibody was still present, but titers were lower at follow-up than at presentation for a substantial proportion of the sample.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1995

Value of antibody level in diagnosing anhydride-induced immunologic respiratory disease.

The objective of this study was to determine whether immunologic anhydride-induced respiratory disease could be predicted on the basis of the level of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) or immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody. Eight-one anhydride-exposed employees in one plant were studied. Fourteen had disease and 67 did not. Immunologic studies were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and expressed as titers. When optimal discriminant analysis was used, IgE < 1:5 and IgG < or = 1:10 were found to be the optimal titers for separating employees with and without immunologic respiratory disease caused by anhydrides. When IgG < or = 1:10 was used, 62 of 81 workers were correctly classified; the sensitivity was 100%, the positive predictive value was 45%, the specificity was 75%, and the negative predictive value was 100%. When IgE < 1:5 was used, 73 of 81 workers were correctly classified; the sensitivity was 86%, the positive predictive value was 67%, the specificity was 91%, and the negative predictive value was 97%. In conclusion, anhydride disease status can be predicted on the basis of specific IgG or IgE antibody level.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1994

Effectiveness of early therapy with corticosteroids in Stevens-Johnson syndrome: experience with 41 cases and a hypothesis regarding pathogenesis.

Evaluation of therapy for Stevens-Johnson syndrome was initiated as a retrospective analysis and then extended to a prospective series of patients treated with corticosteroids. This report extends the initial prospective study of patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome treated with corticosteroids and evaluates the total series of 41 patients relative to outcome and the presumptive etiology. We propose that management of Stevens-Johnson syndrome requires corticosteroid therapy and that the survival of patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome may depend on this therapy. No fatalities or adverse effects due to corticosteroids were noted. Stevens-Johnson syndrome due to a drug, a drug metabolite or viral infection may mimic a graft-versus-host reaction in which the patient rejects skin, mucous membrane, kidney or liver cells to which the drug, drug metabolite, or virus has bound. Corticosteroids suppress the inflammatory rejection until the activating agent has been eliminated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Rhinitis.

Rhinitis is a problem causing significant morbidity. The etiology of rhinitis is varied. The pathophysiology of rhinitis is just beginning to be elucidated. Allergic rhinitis is primarily understood as an inflammatory disease with a neurogenic component. Disease states such as responses to cold dry air are primarily considered to be neurogenic in origin, but inflammatory cells and mediators play a significant role in the development of symptoms in these patients. Our understanding of these complex interactions is reflected in the pharmacologic interventions currently available. Most rhinitis therapy addresses the symptoms of rhinitis not the underlying disease state. Future research in the field of rhinitis should increase our knowledge of the pathophysiology and therefore assist in new drug development.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

A naturally occurring model of immunoglobulin E antibody-mediated hypersensitivity in laboratory animals.

A naturally occurring model of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody-mediated hypersensitivity in canine and rhesus monkey species to environmental allergens is described. Cutaneous responses to a dust mite mix (Dermatophagoides farinae/pteronyssinus) and to four storage mite extracts (Aleuroglyphus ovatus, Blomia tropicalis, Chortoglyphus sp., Lepidoglyphus destructor) occurred in the canine species. Rhesus monkeys had IgE antibody-mediated hypersensitivity to dust mite on cutaneous challenge, but to a lesser degree than the canine species. Biologic relevance was verified by eliciting positive airway challenges in both species. The IgE antibody-mediated basis of these responses was confirmed by passive transfer technique. Demonstration of dust mite allergy provides a naturally occurring model of IgE antibody-mediated hypersensitivity in the canine and rhesus monkey species. Storage mite IgE antibody-mediated hypersensitivity exists in the canine species.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Heterogeneity of histamine releasing factors and IgE.

Advances in our understanding of cytokines and their effects seem to occur almost on a daily basis. The first description of a cytokine causing histamine release was in 1979. Since that time several cellular products have been described which cause histamine release. The following is a general review of the literature concerning histamine releasing factors and their IgE interactions.

Antibodies, Heterophile↗