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Biomedical subjects

M B Allen

Publications and source records attributed to M B Allen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Nasal surgery for snoring.

Snoring is a common disorder usually presenting to otolaryngologists. Most patients who have any nasal symptoms would normally be offered nasal surgery, but there is a significant incidence of failure to control the snoring (approximately 25%). We analysed a group of patients, all having nasal surgery for snoring, with the aim of assessing whether any pre-operative factors would predict success or failure of the surgery. We found symptoms of excessively loud snoring, witnessed apnoeic episodes and hypersomnolence, or obstructive sleep apnoea diagnosed by overnight oxygen saturation measurements to be statistically associated with failure of nasal surgery to improve snoring.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Salbutamol output from two jet nebulizers.

Nebulized bronchodilators are commonly used in the management of patients with airflow obstruction, although there is little information available on the bronchodilator output from the nebulizer unit. We have examined the fluid and salbutamol outputs of a single jet nebulizer from two commercial manufacturers at 1 min intervals up to 12 min. The drug and fluid output continued throughout the study period, with a greater fluid output leading to an increase in the concentration of salbutamol remaining within the nebulizer unit. This suggests that weight change is not a good indicator of drug output. Furthermore, there was a marked difference in peak salbutamol output between the two nebulizer units, being 2.9 mg (55%) with the Micro-Neb unit and 1.98 mg (38.7%) with the System 22 unit.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1993

Changes in nocturnal oximetry after treatment of exacerbations in cystic fibrosis.

Sleep related arterial oxygen desaturation has been described in clinically stable young adults with cystic fibrosis. The incidence and severity of nocturnal oxygen desaturation in children during infective exacerbations and the changes that occur with treatment were examined. Forty five children with proved cystic fibrosis, median age 8.9 years, admitted to the Regional Cystic Fibrosis Unit underwent clinical evaluation, spirometry, and measurement of peak flow and nocturnal oxygen saturation on admission and after 10 days' treatment. There was a significant improvement in all the above measurements, with the averaged overnight saturation changing from a mean (SD) 92.7 (2.7)% to 94.3 (2.0)%, mean (SE) difference 1.58 (0.37). The time spent with a saturation 4% or more below their clinic value showed a marked improvement from 122 (152) minutes on the first night to 21 (30.7) on the second, mean (SE) difference 101 (22.4). Eight young children could not perform pulmonary function tests, all desaturated on the admission night. Nocturnal hypoxaemia is a common finding in young cystic fibrosis patients during infective exacerbations but improves with treatment. Overnight oximetry is simple to perform, well tolerated, and identifies patients with marked nocturnal desaturation.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Pancoast syndrome: an unusual presentation of adenoid cystic carcinoma.

We report on a patient with primary pulmonary adenoid cystic carcinoma presenting with Pancoast syndrome. Pancoast syndrome has not previously been described with this tumour. Other unusual features of this case include the peripheral origin and mediastinal involvement, with lack of proximal endobronchial spread.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Accuracy and significance of scoring hypopneas.

We previously reported that the best definition of hypopneas in the sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is based on reduction in thoracoabdominal movement. However, the repeatability of scoring hypopneas from thoracoabdominal movement has not been assessed, nor has the need to record flow as well as thoracoabdominal movement. Thus, two polysomnographers independently scored both apneas and hypopneas on all-night polysomnograms of patients with SAHS. There was close agreement between the polysomnographers for the number of hypopneas (r = 0.98; mean difference 11%) and for the number of apneas (r = 0.99; mean difference 8%). The agreement was similar for the durations of both hypopneas (r = 0.99; mean difference 13%) and apneas (r = 0.99; mean difference 11%). There was also close agreement between the total number of respiratory events scored with and without reference to the flow signal (r = 0.99; mean difference 1.4%) with a maximum under-recognition of 18 events per night in a subject with 237 apneas per night. Thus, hypopneas can be scored reproducibly. In addition, the value of always recording and scoring flow as well as thoracoabdominal signals is questioned.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Salmeterol rash.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1991

Obstructive sleep apnoea in adults presenting with snoring.

Snoring is a common disorder, and may be associated with obstructive sleep apnoea, although there is little published information on the incidence of apnoea in snorers. This study aimed to assess the upper airway and to relate the findings to sleep study data in a population of patients referred by their general practitioners with loud snoring. Each patient had a full history, weight and height measurements, nasal examination, rhinomanometry, peroral grading of the oropharyngeal features, and fibreoptic pharyngoscopy with a modified Muller manoeuvre, followed by a sleep study. The results in our group of 35 patients demonstrate a high incidence of obstructive sleep apnoea (46%). Factors which correlated well with apnoea were excessively loud snoring, a narrow oropharynx, and marked obesity; 94% of patients with one or more of these features had evidence of sleep apnoea.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Chemosensitivity testing of human gliomas using a fluorescent microcarrier technique.

This report describes a new fluorescent microcarrier cytostasis assay. Human glioma cell lines and primary cultures were attached to microcarrier tissue culture beads and treated with various chemotherapeutic drugs. After treatment, the cells were labelled with two vital fluorescent dyes in order to measure cellular viability. The uptake of hydroethidine and Hoechst 33342 was evaluated alone and in combination as probes for determining metabolic activity and cellular proliferation. Hydroethidine was found to be superior when compared to trypan blue and tritiated thymidine. The use of the microcarrier technique allows for the direct cellular measurement of fluorescence without the need of extensive extraction procedures. The fluorescent assay is a sensitive, rapid and an effective way to screen for potential antiproliferative compounds.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1990

The use of probenecid to increase the serum amoxycillin levels in patients with bronchiectasis.

Amoxycillin 3 g twice daily is effective in treating patients with bronchiectasis who have daily purulent sputum. However, it is a relatively expensive treatment if used for prolonged periods. This pilot study in six patients with bronchiectasis showed that the concurrent administration of probenecid with a smaller dose of amoxycillin produced similar clinical responses and pharmacokinetic profiles to those found with high dose amoxycillin alone. The amount of amoxycillin used was reduced by two thirds, producing a potential saving of approximately pound 1000 per patient per annum in those taking long term treatment.

Adult↗