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Biomedical subjects

M Auroux

Publications and source records attributed to M Auroux.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in frozen-thawed mouse oocytes after in-vitro fertilization.

Cryopreservation of mouse oocytes induced a high rate of atresia. Frozen oocytes observed immediately after thawing did not exhibit any alteration in the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities, aneuploidy or polyploidy. After in-vitro fertilization attempts, the cleavage rate of frozen-thawed mouse oocytes was decreased. Cytogenetical observations of inseminated eggs also confirmed this decrease in fertilization rate. First and second cleavages were delayed compared to fresh controls but subsequent development to the 4-cell stage was not altered. Freeze-thawing increased the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in inseminated oocytes but this only concerned the frequency of triploidy and not monosomic or trisomic aneuploidy. The increase in triploidy seemed to be largely due to the presence of digynic embryos. Second polar body retention seemed to be mainly responsible for this high rate of polyploidy.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1990

Effect of urogenital infections on sperm parameters and hypofertility in man.

Urogenital infections can notably reduce the sperm's capacity of fecundation by affecting the spermatozoa directly. The aim of this study was to compare the main parameters of the spermogram of 2 groups of hypofertile subjects, the first group presenting negative semen cultures, the second one positive semen cultures. The only significantly different parameter between these 2 groups of hypofertile patients studied was motility. This anomaly alone could explain some states of hypofertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Cytostatic treatment of the male rat: effects on offspring and protection by initial hormonal treatment].

Cytostatic drugs induce the risk of anomalies in progeny. An arrest of spermatogenesis before the onset of such treatment in the male might protect the germ cells against genotoxic effects. In this study we investigate this possibility in rats by giving a hormonal treatment (medroxyprogesterone acetate plus testosterone, MPAT) which reversibly inhibits the spermatogenic process before the cytostatic treatment (cyclophosphamide, CP). Changes in body weight and behavior were found in the progeny of males treated only with CP. These anomalies were partially corrected in the group where the progenitors had received MPAT. These results agree with the hypothesis that quiescent cells are more resistant to cytostatic drugs and justify further research in this area.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1988

[Urogenital infection and male fertility].

There is disagreement as to the influence of urogenital infections on male fertility. The causative organisms are not the same according to different authors and ways in which the sperm are examined do not always seem to have the necessary bacteriological precision. A recent study carried out by us has however shown that Ureaplasma urealyticum and E. coli appear to be the bacteria that are most frequently met in cultures from the semen of infertile men. Changes that these bacteria can bring about are: --direct effects, in that the numbers of spermatozoa themselves are diminished as well as their motility, their morphology and their ability to fertilize. From this point of view the connection between the concentration of bacteria in relationship to the concentration of gametes could be important; --indirect effects, in so far as that infection should change the constituent qualities of the seminal fluid and thus have a secondary effect on spermatozoa, as for example the presence of large numbers of polynuclear cells or the formation of antisperm antibodies. Therapeutic trials, which could have helped solve the problem, do not yet seem to have been decisive. But considerable variations in sperm parameters, which by themselves can perhaps affect the antibacterial potency of seminal fluid, could explain why there are variations in success and failure. Finally, emphasis is placed on the need to stick to rigorous bacteriological protocols and to undertake at the same time well codified clinical, biological, epidemiological and experimental studies.

Genital Diseases, Male↗
PubMed1986

Within-subject variability of the percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa among fertile men: biological and measurement components.

Two groups of men were studied to determine how much an individual's spermatozoal morphology varies and which part of the variability is due to biological and to measurement variation. A first group of ten subjects each provided five ejaculates; the other group of four subjects each provided one ejaculate, from each of which five smears were prepared, and evaluated twice. The slides were examined in random order and blindly by the same experienced technician. The total within-subject variability of the percentage of abnormal forms was large (SD = 8.8%), as was the component of this variability due to biologic fluctuation (SD = 5.8%). The distribution of the various abnormalities also varied greatly from one ejaculate to another. The results indicate that more work is needed to determine why biological variation exists, and that several ejaculates (three if possible, two at minimum) are needed for an accurate evaluation of spermatozoal morphology, whereas the examination of greater than 100 spermatozoa/ejaculate is not advantageous.

Fertility↗
PubMed1985

Cyclophosphamide in the male rat: behavioral effects in the adult offspring.

Cyclophosphamide in a daily dose of 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally in male Wistar rats for 15 days. Two rats each time were killed for testis examination at regular intervals within 100 days following treatment (over 2 spermatogenetic cycles). One hundred days after the end of the treatment, the other rats, whose spermatogenesis had recovered in the meantime, were mated with 3-month-old females. Offspring were evaluated in regard to the mean number per litter, sex ratio, frequency of gross external malformations, growth pattern, mortality in the first 4 months of life and reproductive ability at 6 months of age. Offspring behavior was also examined between 10 and 14 weeks of age. They were evaluated for spontaneous activity and emotionality with an open field test and for learning ability with an avoidance conditioning test. Cyclophosphamide induced a significant decrease in the number of primary spermatocytes and spermatozoa. Only learning ability was altered in the offspring from the treated males, for the animals which succeeded in the avoidance conditioning test did not learn as rapidly as the controls. However, the difference was significant only in the males. Behavioral abnormalities and the possible genetic factors involved are related to the particular concept of 'physioteratogenesis'.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Do non-spermatozoal cells mainly stem from spermiogenesis? Study of 106 fertile and 102 subfertile men.

The various non-spermatozoal cell types in the semen of 106 fertile (F) and 102 subfertile (SF) men were described and their relative proportions estimated. About 94% (F) and 90% (SF) were found to be germinal elements, among which, respectively, about 27% and 51% were spermatids, 48% and 36% residual bodies, 19.4% and 2.6% primary spermatocytes, 0.03% and 0.61% spermatogonia. The epithelial cells and blood cells represented about 6% (F) and 10% (SF) of the non-spermatozoal cells; in F men 5.3% and in SF men 9.5% were found to be polymorphonuclear leucocytes. In SF men the predominance of spermatids might be due to a particular fragility of spermiogenesis. To the three stages of spermatogenesis-the gonial multiplication, meiosis, and spermiogenesis-might correspond three specific pathologies. A pathology of the very germ cell production was thus suggested, as well as a pathology of the means by which the final product would be controlled. The Sertoli cell was supposed to be mainly involved in the latter process.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1985

Testicular aging: vascularization and gametogenesis modifications in the Wistar rat.

A light microscopic study was carried out on testicular aging in the Wistar rat at the ages of 7, 12, 24, 40, 56, 72, 104, and 124 weeks. The following tissular modifications were observed: a progressive decrease in capillary density, a gradually reduced spermatogenic production, and a progressive increase of degenerating tubular areas. The following two questions were raised: (1) Are the vascular modifications responsible for the other alterations? (2) Do the anomalies inducing a decreased number of spermatozoa simultaneously lead to genetic alterations in the morphologically normal spermatozoa with fertilizing ability? This question is particularly interesting owing to our current knowledge of the consequences of the father's age on offspring.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Nonspermatozoal cells in human sperm: a study of 1243 subfertile and 253 fertile men.

The presence of nonspermatozoal cells (NSC) and, more particularly, of immature seminal line elements (ISLE) in the semen of subfertile men seems to result from a dysfunction of spermatogenesis. A positive correlation was found between the number of NSC and the degree of teratozoospermia, as well as between the number of NSC and the percentage of ISLE. The degree of teratozoospermia and the percentage of ISLE were also correlated. There was no correlation between the number of NSC or the percentage of ISLE and the length of sexual abstinence. The number of NSC and the initial sperm motility were negatively correlated, but this correlating seems to be directly related to teratozoospermia. In the control population a negative correlation was found between the percentage of normal spermatozoa and that of ISLE. The question is raised whether findings such as normozoospermia associated with a high percentage of ISLE should not lead to further examination of the results.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1983

Decrease of learning capacity in offspring with increasing paternal age in the rat.

The same 15 male Wistar rats at the ages of 2.5, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22 months were successively randomly mated with 2.5-month-old females. In a separate experiment, 15 male Wistar rats at the age of 2.5 months and 15 at the age of 23 months were simultaneously randomly mated with 2.5-month-old females. Offspring were evaluated in regard to the mean number per litter, sex ratio, frequency of gross external malformations, growth pattern, and mortality in the first 13 weeks of life and reproductive capacity at 13 weeks of age. They were also evaluated for spontaneous activity and emotionality with an open field test and for learning capacity with an avoidance conditioning test, both carried out between 10 and 13 weeks of age. Only learning capacity of the offspring, expressed in percentage of success for male or female, decreased consistently and significantly as the father's age increased. But females did not seem to be affected in the same way as males. The genetic implications are briefly discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

[Testicular aging and its consequences].

Testicular aging is of concern at the same time to the individual and to his lineage. In the individual, vascular changes which come about because of age lead to diminished oxygenation of the tissues; modifications occurring in the endocrine cells lead to a lowering in androgen production; modifications in the enzymes lead to a lowering of the efficiency of the blood-testis barrier; modifications in Sertoli cells lead to a lowering of production of androgen binding protein. Parallel with the diminished number of spermatozoids and the alteration in their form and mobility is a lowering in fertility. As far as the offspring of these men is concerned, paternal aging is responsible for new dominant autosomic mutations which themselves cause numerous malformations and also of chromosome X linked recessive mutations, and of haemophilia A and Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Experimentally, paternal aging has been shown in the rat to be responsible for a lowering in the level of learning capacity in the offspring. The possible mechanism by which genetic alterations occur has been briefly considered. Certain authors believe that gonadal aging and its consequences for the offspring start in men as in women about the age of 35-40.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Intraindividual variability of concanavalin A binding to the plasmalemma of human spermatozoa.

Certain characteristics of the sperm plasmalemma were studied using 10 ejaculates from the same subject. Measurements of membrane glycoconjugates binding by FTC Con A were made on samples with equal numbers of motile spermatozoa which had been selected by migration in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4). Scatchard plots showed that the association constant for Con A binding to membrane glycoconjugate varied between ejaculates, but in 9 of 10 cases the number of receptor sites for this lectin was constant with only one class of receptor.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1981

[Behavioral teratogenesis. A new aspect of the pathology of prenatal development (author's transl)].

It has now been shown that, in the absence of malformation, functional disorders can exist, especially in the central nervous system as a result of diverse maternal and even paternal assaults on the developing conceptus. These disorders which are compatible with life include intellectual, behavioral and sensory-motor deficits. The causitive factors may be of toxogenic, dietetic or iatrogenic origin and may affect the conceptus differently according to its sex. A terminology corresponding to these more recent aspects of teratology is suggested, a distinction being made between morpho- and physio-teratogenic factors. In the framework of this terminology, certain practical aspects are envisaged: the dose of the causitive agent, the existence of a susceptible period during development, the existence of purely physio-teratogenic agents and the aspects of study methods. Finally, certain factors which can affect the optimum quality of offspring are described.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1979

50ppm MnBK subclinical neuropathy in rats.

40 rats were subjected daily for 6 months to an atmosphere containing 50ppm MnBK. 32 of the rats presented with demyelination of the sciatic nerve and 2 of these with axonal hypertrophy.

Animals↗