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Biomedical subjects

M Aurell

Publications and source records attributed to M Aurell.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Studies with a new cardioselective beta-blocker, metoprolol.

These studies indicate that the cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking drug metoprolol might be expected to be at least as effective for the treatment of arterial hypertension as propranolol. The difference in effect on the peripheral vascular bed may be of importance when acute increase of the blood adrenaline level occur, as in severe anxiety states. Experience in long-term studies in all kinds of patients with raised arterial pressure has confirmed that metoprolol is an active antihypertensive agent of similar potency to other beta-blocking agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Multiple arterial occlusions and hypertension probably caused by an oral contraceptive: a patient in whom the development of renovascular hypertension has been followed.

An 18-year-old woman taking an oral contraceptive was admitted to hospital because of a stroke due to occlusion of three branches of the right middle cerebral artery. She later developed renovascular hypertension due to occlusion of one of two renal arteries on the right side. Occlusion of the ceoliac artery was also found. The circumstances suggest that the occlusions were caused by multiple emboli, the source of which could not be identified. The kidney with the circulatory disturbance was shown to have a persistent abnormal renin secretion three and six months after the stroke, but the peripheral renin level was lower at the second investigation. Cardiac function studies revealed an alarming degree of left ventricular hypertrophy, and satisfactory blood pressure control could not be maintained despite increasing antihypertensive therapy. Surgical corrrction of the circulatory disturbance promptly led to normotension without drugs, and the patient has remained normotensive during the postoperative observation period of twelve months. The oral contraceptive was probably responsible for precipitating the vascular occlusions, but no predisposing factors or warning symptoms were present to identify this patient as being at risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Renin-angiotensin system in essential hypertension.

In a random sample of normotensive and hypertensive fifty-year-old men plasma-renin-activity (P.R.A.), plasma-renin-concentration (P.R.C.), and renin substrate were measured using radioimmunoassay for angiotensin I. P.R.A. in normotensives and untreated hypertensives were normally distributed with slight skewness to the right. The mean P.R.A. for untreated hypertensives (0.65 ng. per ml. per hour) was slightly, but not significantly, lower than that of the normotensive reference group (0.78 ng. per ml. per hour). Previously untreated hypertensives who had been off treatment for four weeks had either high or low P.R.A. depending on the previous treatment. No differences in the angiotensin-generation rate were noted as judged from the P.R.A./P.R.C. ratio. No differences in the renin-substrate concentration between the groups were found. The findings suggest that renin changes in essential hypertenion are secondary to pressure changes. Thus, the renin-angiotensin system may not be of primary pathogenetic importance in the development of essential hypertension.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1975

Effects of metoprolol and propranolol on furosemide-stimulated renin release in healthy subjects.

The effects of single doses of the beta1-receptor antagonist metoprolol (40 mg orally), propranolol (40 mg orally) and placebo were compared on furosemide-stimulated plasma renin activity (PRA) in seven healthy subjects. In the placebo studies, PRA increased by 0.59+/-0.18 ng x ml-1 x h-1 60 minutes after intravenous administration of 30-60 mg furosemide. After propranolol and metoprolol, the corresponding increases in PRA were significantly less pronounced amounting to 0.16+/-0.06 and 0.24+/-0.08 ng x ml-1 x h-1, respectively. The resting heart rate was reduced to the same extent after the two beta-blockers, which means that the two drugs had been given in equipotent beta1-receptor blocking doses. It is suggested that the release of renin from the kidney may partly be mediated via an adrenergic beta1-receptor.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Urinary noradrenaline excretion and renal function in normal and hypertensive 50-year-old men.

1. Sympathetic nervous system activity, measured by urinary noradrenaline excretion, was determined in a group of untreated hypertensive subjects (n = 35), a reference group (n = 80) and a normotensive group (n = 51), all derived from a random population sample of 50-year-old men. It was compared with casual and resting blood pressure, urinary sodium excretion, urinary cretinine concentration and glomerular filtration rate. Hypertension was defined as systolic pressure greater than 175 or diastolic greater than 115 mmHg on two separate occasions. Normotension was defined as systolic pressure less than 160 and diastolic pressure less than 95 mmHg. 2. There was no difference in the average excretion of noradrenaline during the day or night between the reference, normotensive and hypertensive groups. None of the hypertensive patients had values for urinary noradrenaline excretion during the day above the range found in normotensive subjects, indicating that hypertension with increased sympathetic nervous system activity is uncommon when hypertension in defined as above. 3. No correlation between urinary noradrenaline excretion during the day and blood pressure was found in the reference group or in the normotensive group. In the hypertensive group, there was a negative correlation between urinary noradrenaline excretion and blood pressure after rest. This finding might indicate that factors other than sympathetic nervous system activity determine the level of blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. 4. In the hypertensive group, urinary noradrenaline excretion during the day was positively correlated with both urinary sidium excretion during the day and glomerular filtration rate. Urinary noradrenaline excretion per 24 h was positively correlated with urinary sodium excretion during the same time. High resting blood pressure, low urinary sodium excretion, low glomerular filtration rate and a reversed diurnal rhythm of urinary excretion characterized hypertensive patients with low urinary noradrenaline excretion, indicating more severe hypertension in these hypertensive patients with reduced sympathetic nervous system activity.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1975

Antazoline-induced immune hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria, and acute renal failure.

A case of repeated antazoline-induced immune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hemoglobinuria, and acute renal failure is reported. The first episode of renal failure occurred after an i.v. pyelography causing an anaphylactic shock, and the two later episodes were preceded by allergic reaction to drugs. Antazoline was given among other remedies, but this drug was the only one used for treatment on every occasion. The clinical picture and the immunological tests, including an antazoline-dependent Coombs' test, indicate that the blood disorders might have been caused by a type 2 allergic reaction and renal lesion by a type 3 reaction, at least on the second and third occasions.

Acute Kidney Injury↗