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Biomedical subjects

M Audran

Publications and source records attributed to M Audran.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Vertebral osteonecrosis. Apropos of 3 cases, 1 complicated by spinal cord compression and 2 associated with another necrotic localization].

The authors report three cases of vertebral osteonecrosis which presented the phenomenon of intra-vertebral space. These patients had osteoporosis with vertebral compression. Two received steroid therapy. One case progressively developed spinal cord compression and the two other cases had an associated osteonecrosis (femoral head and talus). After reviewing the literature, the authors stress the relative frequency of neurological complications, in particular spinal cord compression (7 per cent).

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1984

[Seasonal variations of vitamin D metabolites in man].

Studies concerning the influence of seasons and ultraviolet radiations on the metabolism of 1,25-dihydrocholecalciferol (1,25 (OH)2D), the active form of vitamin D, have given conflicting results. In the present study serum concentrations of the 3 main vitamin D metabolites--25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D--were measured by radiocompetitive assay (a) monthly during one year in 7 normal subjects, and (b) before, during and after 4 weeks of "whole body" exposure to ultraviolet radiations in 11 other subjects. In study (a) parallel changes in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations were observed during the year, with a rise in the summer; there were no significant monthly or quarterly changes in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations. In study (b), 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations rose by 150% and 200% respectively after 4 weeks' exposure to ultraviolet radiations and again, there were no significant changes in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations. These results confirm that when synthesis of the substrate (25-hydroxyvitamin D) increases, synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is inhibited by a regulatory process which does not apply to 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D synthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Bone tissue in Paget's disease treated by ethane-1, hydroxy-1, 1 diphosphonate (EHDP). Structure, ultrastructure, and immunocytology.

Diphosphonates have been used in the management of Paget's disease of bone because of their experimentally demonstrated antiosteoclastic activity. Light microscopic examination of bone tissue from 13 patients with Paget's bone disease who were receiving (EHDP) treatment showed considerably reduced osteoclastic resorption accompanied by gradual replacement of irregular woven bone by lamellar tissue. Electron microscopic examination confirmed that pagetoid osteoclasts are morphologically abnormal cells and degenerate after EHDP treatment. EHDP does not affect the measles nucleocapsid-like inclusions in the osteoclast nuclei. Immunocytologic analysis showed that during EHDP treatment viral antigens of the measles type persist in the cytoplasm and nuclei of osteoclasts even when these cells are greatly altered. These findings support the hypothesis of a viral etiology in Paget's disease of bone.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Spinal cord compression in multiple myeloma. Study of 10 cases].

Ten cases of multiple myeloma with spinal cord compression are reported. The compression was located in the thoracic spine in 9 cases and in the cervical spine in 1 case. It led to the discovery of the myeloma in 4 cases. Three patients suffered, during several months, from local pain aggravated by activity and from slight and slowly progressive neurologic symptoms resembling intermittent claudication. At the time of diagnosis, sphincter dysfunction was observed only in patients with low thoracic cord compressions. In 4 cases, lesions were first treated by radiotherapy which did not produce regression of the compression. Tumor excision surgery was carried out seven times, once after failure of radiotherapy. In 6 cases an definite and steady regression of the neurological symptoms was achieved. Survival varied from 10 months to 7.5 years after identification of spinal cord compression. Survival was equal to or more than 3 years in 4 patients and will probably reach 3 years in another. Thus spinal cord compression is not by itself a sign indicating a poor short term prognosis in multiple myeloma. It should be treated by excision surgery, then by chemotherapy as in multiple myeloma at other sites.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Atloido-axoid erosive osteoarthritis. Apropos of 3 cases].

Three cases of unilateral atloido-axis arthropathy are described in women aged 39 to 69 years. The initial diagnosis of arthritis made in view of the severity of the clinical (severe pain and stiffness) and radiological (marked chondrolysis, subchondral erosions), manifestations was contested in the absence of any laboratory abnormality of an inflammatory nature, as well as any bacterial, inflammatory rheumatic or metabolic cause. The final diagnosis made at the time of hospitalisation after 8 to 9 month progression of the disease was osteoarthritis, no subject to any doubt on the basis of the subsequent course. C2-C3 block present in 2 cases was a local factor of joint wear-and-tear. Other severe manifestations of osteoarthritis were seen in 2 patients. By analogy with certain forms of destructive osteoarthritis of the fingers, the term erosive osteoarthritis of the atloido-axis joint is suggested to describe this joint lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Aseptic arthritis with positive serology for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Apropos of 6 new cases].

Six personal observations of aseptic acute arthritis with positive serology for yersinia pseudotuberculosis (YPT) have been related, the specific serodiagnosis was clearly positive (greater than 1/500) for all the patients and the rate variations of repeated examinations were constantly observed. These cases have been compared with 14 sporadic observations of the existing studies where such reactive arthritis were referred to a recent YPT infection, this confrontation leads us to specify the characteristics of this inflammatory rheumatism : starting by a prearthritic phase with variable combination of fever, diarrhea, abdominal pains, erythema nodosum, usually polyarticular affection (90%) mostly of the knees (89%), ankle-joints, wrists and elbows, marked inflammatory clinical and biological signs but without X. Rays abnormalities. The course which seems hastened by anti-inflammatory medication ends up several weeks or months later without recurrences or secondary diseases by a recovery. The presence of HLA B27 antigen in 50% out of the 10 tested cases enables us to discover the intervention of a predisposing genetic factor. A semiologic and nosologic comparison is established with polyarthritis of YEC infection. The discussion concerning the 18 observations where only serology based diagnosis exists, turns mainly on the reality of sporadic YPT rheumatism. If it is not yet possible to assert with certitude the authenticity of such YPT reactive arthritis there is several arguments in support of that, particularly the existence of post-septicemia aseptic polyarthritis and the existence of similar joint-affection during the far-east scarlatiniform fever which is a special form of YPT infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Change in the plasma and urine levels of ionized fluorine under the influence of low doses of niflumic acid. Possible application to the treatment of osteoporosis].

Following several series of tests, it was shown that the administration of 500 mg/day of niflumic acid, at a dose of 250 mg morning and evening, causes in subjects with a weight between 65 and 75 kilos a moderate but permanent and relatively stable rise in the levels of plasma ionised fluorine. This constant concentration of ionised fluorine in the plasma contrasted with the marked and rapid variations which follow the ingestion of sodium fluoride, which is usually prescribed in the treatment of osteoporosis. This may explain why the fluoride ion is more active on osteogenesis when it is liberated in the organism from niflumic acid by way of metabolic processes. The dosage of 500 mg daily is much less than that which produces fluorosis after prolonged treatment; it suggests a trial of niflumic acid in the treatment of osteoporosis, respecting naturally the contra-indications, and supervising the digestive tract as always with anti-inflammatory drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Calcium metabolism study performed by means of Ca-45 in bone diseases and idiopathic hypercalciuria].

The authors analyse the results obtained during 54 radioisotope investigations using 45Ca in 13 cases of idiopathic hypercalciuria, 12 cases of osteoporosis, 3 cases of Paget's disease, and 2 cases of osteomalacia including one of Fanconi's disease in an adult. In 12 patients, repetition of the radio-isotope test two, three or four times; permitted the authors to study the effects of the treatments administered: calcitonin, phosphate, vitamin D, parathormon, oestrogen. Calcitonin increases intestinal absorption and reduces bone reabsorption and also accretion. Phosphate greatly increases accretion and bone reabsorption in vitamin-resistant osteomalacia of adults. The synthetic fragment 1--34 of human parathormone increases accretion and reabsorption but does not modify the calcium balance. The addition of estrogen reduces reabsorption and slightly increases accretion in two osteoporotic patients producing a positive calcium balance. This method of investigation is of great interest to assess the effects of a drug on calcium metabolism and on the two processes of bone remodelling.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Acute agranulocytosis after treatment by levamisole. 2 cases (author's transl)].

We describe two patients who had a typical levamisole-induced agranulocytosis and a severe infection; the view of other cases found in the literature shows a fundamental fact: the complication can occur after a variable time of prescription (from thirteen days to eleven months), continuous or intermittent. The accidents are imprevisible, and circonspection must be used, not for its antihelminthic properties, but for its prolonged use for immunological purposes, even if some authors have not observed any cases of agranulocytosis in large series. Naturally, the purpose is quite different in the case of a severe rheumatoid arthritis or inesthetic warts, and our two observations are very demonstrative. Mechanism of agranulocytosis has not been totaly clarified: we have observed biological stigmates of immunological process against levamisole (responsible of agranulocytosis?), but essentially medullary lesions (successive regenerative aspects and necrosis) as has been described with pyramidon, and this could explain why the other blood cells are affected in an apparently isolated agranulocytosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Ionized fluorine in the plasma and urine of subjects treated with organofluorine drugs prescribed in rheumatology].

The elimination of ionized urinary fluorine was studied in groups of eight subjects treated during several days with niflumic acid, flufenamic acid, sulindac, antrafenine and floctafenine. Sulindac and floctafenine do not changes this elimination. After administration of niflumic acid, flufenamic and antrafenine, the urinary elimination of ionized fluorine increase in all the subjects. This increase is manifested from the start of treatment and persists for several days after it has been stopped. The administration of three drugs also results in an elevated level of ionized plasmic fluorine the duration of treatment. The results prove the existence in the human organism of a metabolic process capable of effecting the ionization of the organic fluor contained in the drugs studied. This biotransformation causes a fluorine impregnation of endogenous origin that is permanent and relatively stable, and whose consequences are examined (risk of fluorine osteosis and possibility of therapeutic application).

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of eight histomorphometric methods for measuring trabecular bone architecture by image analysis on histological sections.

Osteoporosis is defined as a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of trabecular bone leading to enhanced bone fragility. Various histomorphometric methods have been described to measure bone architecture on histological sections. However, not all of the methods are strictly equivalent and some of them appear able to detect differences earlier in the course of the disease. We have compared 8 histomorphometric methods known to characterize the architecture of trabecular bone in 154 male osteoporotic patients. Measurements were done on transiliac bone biopsies: Trabecular number, thickness, and separation (Tb.N, Tb.Th, Tb.Sp); Trabecular Bone Pattern Factor (TBPf); Euler-Poincare's number (E); Interconnectivity Index (ICI); strut analysis of the trabecular network with the ratio of nodes/free-end (N/F); star volume of the bone marrow (V*m.space) and trabeculae (V*Tb) and the Kolmogorov fractal dimension of the trabecular boundaries (D). Relationships between the various architectural parameters were studied by hierarchical cluster analysis. Linear, hyperbolic, and exponential correlations were found between trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) and architectural parameters. Cluster analysis demonstrates the link between these architectural parameters. ICI, E, and TBPf, which reflect the amount of open/closed marrow cavities clustered together and appeared related to Tb.Sp, V*m.space which are indicators of the mean size of marrow cavities. Tb.Th, V*Tb and N/F flocked together as they reflect the trabecular size. Tb.N and D segregated together and seemed to best describe the trabecular network complexity. These histomorphometric techniques are correlated but correlations may be linear or nonlinear. Several histomorphometric techniques need to be used in parallel to appreciate the pathophysiological mechanisms of osteoporotic states.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current aspects of Paget's bone disease].

The clinical and laboratory signs, as well as the imaging and course of Paget's disease of bone, are now well known. This chronic and usually benign disease is characterized by excessive remodelling of bone tissue, associated with an increase, sometimes considerable, of osteoclast resorption and osteoblast formation activities. Studies conducted during the last two decades were aimed at determining more precisely some aspects of the disease, notably: its epidemiological aspect and in particular its geographical distribution; its aetiological aspect using data obtained from electron microscopy, immunocytology and hydridization in situ, which has led to the hypothesis of a viral origin, and finally its therapeutic aspect with the recent introduction of truly effective treatments such as calcitonin and biphosphonates.

Bone and Bones↗