Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Asai

Publications and source records attributed to M Asai.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Evaluation of the order entry system by end users--a step to the new hospital information system.

Nagoya University Hospital has developed a new, comprehensive computerized hospital administration system since April 1992. In the present study, a user's evaluation questionnaire survey on the order entry system revealed that the improvements at the human interface level were appreciated by some respondents, but not all users felt the human interface provided, adequately meets their needs. Another presumed advantage of the micro-mainframe-link architecture is fast response, but in our study respondents considered the response time too long. Most users felt that transmission of orders was fast, accurate and clear, and that fast retrieval of the results of laboratory tests was good. Our system with this kind of architecture has thus proved satisfactory except for the slow response time. This study will be useful to reengineer our hospital information system in the next phase.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1994

Affinity of neuroleptics for D1 receptor of human brain striatum.

We determined the inhibition-dissociation constant (Ki) of a number of neuroleptics for D1 receptors of normal human brain tissue using [3H]SCH23390 [R-(+)-8-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-3[benzazepine-7- ol]. SCH23390 had the highest affinity with a Ki of 0.76 nM. Among clinically used drugs, propericiazine showed the highest affinity with a Ki of 10 nM. When neuroleptics were classified according to chemical structures, the Ki values were as follows. Phenothiazines ranged from 10 nM to 250 nM. Butyrophenones ranged from 45 nM to 250 nM. Thioxanthenes ranged from 12 nM to 340 nM. Orthopramines were more than 10,000 nM. The Ki values for the binding site of this study were significantly correlated with those reported in studies using animal brain. The possible relationship between D1 receptors and negative symptoms is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Combined CDDP-THP-PEP chemotherapy (PTP therapy) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma--a group study].

A group study of chemotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, using CDDP, THP and PEP, was carried out on 32 cases at the department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo, and 7 affiliated hospitals. The combined chemotherapy, which we call "PTP therapy", consisted of 30 mg/m2 of THP on day 1, 70 mg/m2 of CDDP on day 2, and 5 mg/body/day of PEP on 4 successive days. The overall response rate was 78.1% (CR: 15.6%; PR: 62.5%). No major side effect was observed in any case. PTP therapy is useful in neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1994

Measurement by in vivo brain microdialysis of nitric oxide release in the rat cerebellum.

Using a new method which combines a brain microdialysis technique and measurement of nitrite/nitrate levels by the Griess reaction, it has been proven that activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the cerebelli of rats which had been under non-anesthetic and freely moving conditions induces the release of nitric oxide (NO). Since L-NG-monomethylarginine (L-NMMA), which competitively blocks NO synthesis from L-arginine, significantly inhibited the release of nitrite/nitrate from the rat cerebellum, these results indicate that the new method is capable of measuring NO formation from L-arginine following the stimulation of NMDA receptors. This method should prove useful for investigating the relation between brain functions such as behavior, learning and memory and NO in the central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Effect of exercise in water on maternal blood circulation].

To elucidate the effects of exercise in water on the maternal circulation, twenty normal pregnancies were examined under the following three conditions; 1) on the land at rest, 2) during water immersion and 3) after the exercise in water. Their gestational ages were from 25 to 37 weeks (31 +/- 4 weeks, mean +/- S.D., n = 20). We examined the blood pressure, the urine volume throughout the examination, CBC and the levels of vasopressin, plasma renin activity and human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP). The blood volume calculated from the Hb and Ht were significantly (p < 0.001) increased during the water immersion (105.8 +/- 2.5%), even after the exercise (101.6 +/- 2.9%). Vasopressin was decreased during the water immersion and increased after the exercise, but plasma renin activity was decreased in these two conditions. The hANP concentration was significantly (p < 0.001) increased after the exercise in water and correlated with the urine volume (ml/hour) during the examination. These results show that the decline in blood pressure and the increase in the urine volume during the maternal swimming were caused by the decreased plasma renin activity and the increased hANP concentration resulted from the blood volume expansion during the exercise in water.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗
PubMed1994

[Encephalomyelitis with cavitary necrosis of the white matter. A clinico-pathologic study].

The authors report the clinico-pathological study of an encephalomyelitis with necrotic cavitation of the white matter occurring in a 61-year-old female. The disease of sudden onset progressed slowly to the death, 20 months after the onset of the first symptoms. They stress the rarity of the entity and the difficulties to establish the diagnosis clinically. The nosological situation of the condition is discussed and compared with the previously reported cases.

Brain↗
PubMed1993

The role of the human placenta in embryonic nutrition. Impact of environmental and social factors.

The human placenta has been implicated in the poor growth and development of the embryo/fetus due to alterations in blood flow and reductions in the transfer of nutrients such as amino acids and carbohydrates. Deficiencies of such nutrients have been the principal of many research investigations. The role of micronutrients, however, may also be major factors in appropriate growth and development, and there may be a general reduction in the availability of such nutrients, for example, the role of folate supplementation during early pregnancy and the reduction in the incidence of neural tube defects. Vitamins are not all transported via a common mechanism. Therefore, the modulation of human placental transport can be different for different vitamins, for example, A and B12. It is apparent that the human placenta can oxidatively metabolize retinoids (isotretinoin and tretinoin) to more toxic or less toxic metabolites. These metabolites can then be transferred to the fetal circulation. Such metabolism/transfer is in contrast to how vitamin B12 is bound to transcobalamin proteins, which are produced by the placenta and directionally released into the maternal and fetal circulations.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed1993

Large tonsillolith mimicking peritonsillar abscess: a case report.

A case of large tonsillolith is described. A 26-year-old male presented with a history of recurrent throat infections. A diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess was made. A tonsillolith was spontaneously expelled on admission. A tonsillectomy was subsequently performed. The tonsillolith was yellowish-gray, measured 30 x 26 x 16 mm, and weighed 8.5 g, which was the largest reported case in Japan. Chemical analysis revealed the stone to consist of calcium phosphate.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of schizophrenic delusions between Japan and Germany.

The content of schizophrenic delusions of 150 German patients in the Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Tübingen and those of 324 Japanese patients (ICD-9:295) were compared according to the classification of Huber and Gross. The comparison revealed significantly higher frequencies of delusions of poisoning (18 vs. 8%; p < 0.01) and jealousy (6 vs. 1.9%; p < 0.05) in the German cases, but there was no significant difference in the incidence of comprehensive injury delusions. There was also no significant difference in the incidence of comprehensive grandeur delusions. However, comprehensive belittlement delusions were more frequent in the German group (24 vs. 13.3%; p < 0.01). Among the delusions of this type, the themes of guilt/sin (15.3 vs. 4.9%; p < 0.001), particularly those related to religion, were more frequent in the German group. Although religious delusions were more frequent in the German group (21.3 vs. 6.8%; p < 0.001), the difference regarding the incidence of 'delusions of world destruction' was not statistically significant. Among the persecution/injury delusions, themes of direct persecution from others (Verfolgungswahn) were conspicuous in the German group, whereas delusions of reference (Beziehungswahn) related to harassment, such as 'being slandered by others' or 'being known', were common in the Japanese group. Namely, the difference in the content of these persecution/injury delusions may derive from the different types of self in the two countries: the individually oriented self in Germany and the group-oriented self in Japan. Delusions of guilt/sin in the German group may reflect the characteristics of sin in Christianity.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Sudden hearing loss induced by acoustic neuroma: significance of small tumors.

In our series of 111 patients operated on for acoustic neuroma from 1972 to 1990, 21 (18.9%) had sudden hearing loss. The 21 tumors involved were comprised of 9 small, 5 medium, and 7 large tumors. Emphasis is placed on the fact that even a small tumor has the potential to produce sudden hearing loss (SHL) and that the possibility of seeing patients with SHL is increasing thanks to advances in imaging diagnosis. Recognition of SHL as an initial symptom of acoustic tumor is considered essential to detect small acoustic neuroma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Body sway response to experimental unbalance in normal subjects and patients with unilateral vestibular disorders.

The function of maintaining posture during temporary unbalance caused by experimental vestibular asymmetry was studied. Galvanic stimulation to the vestibular nerve causing body deviation to the stimulated ear was given to 31 normal subjects and 16 patients with peripheral vestibular disorders. The velocity of spontaneous body sway and that during body deviation caused by the galvanic stimulation were compared. The spontaneous body sway velocity was significantly higher than that of normal subjects. In normal subjects, the body sway velocity during body deviation remarkably increased, while that in patients did not. It is considered that large body sway in patients might conceal the fine compensatory body sway during the body deviation and that patients with unilateral vestibular dysfunction who have large body sway are always in a dysfunction state similar to that which normal subjects experience during body deviation caused by galvanic stimulation.

Dominance, Cerebral↗
PubMed1993

Contribution of vision to the stabilization of body sway in patients with spinocerebellar degeneration.

Body sway was recorded with closed eyes, open eyes and visual feedback for 30 s each. Thirteen patients with spinocerebellar degeneration and 17 age-matched normal controls underwent the examination. Four parameters (area, length, sums of frequency spectrum in the anterior-posterior and lateral directions) were computed. Furthermore, Romberg ratios between closed and open eye conditions [Romberg c/o] and Romberg ratios between closed eyes and visual feedback conditions [Romberg c/f] were computed. Four parameters were significantly greater in the patients with spinocerebellar degeneration than in the normal controls. However, three of eight Romberg ratios were significantly greater in the patients with spinocerebellar degeneration than in the normal controls. The results implied that the proprioceptive-posture loop was mainly disordered while the visuo-postural loop was intact in patients with spinocerebellar degeneration.

Cerebellum↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of vestibular function by dynamic posturography and other equilibrium examinations.

We evaluated the significance of dynamic posturography (EquiTest) in vestibular function assessment by comparing it with our routine equilibrium examinations comprised of nystagmographic data and other postural tests. Fifty-two patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular disorders were examined. Differences in test results between pendular rotation test and dynamic posturography were found in 23 out of 52 (44%) patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular disorders. In 5 patients, no abnormality of vestibular function could be detected by means of a three-test battery (spontaneous and positional nystagmus and pendular rotation test) used for evaluating vestibular compensation. In spite of these results, the patients complained of vertigo of dizziness and showed abnormal results in dynamic posturography. Dynamic posturography was superior to other postural tests in the detection of pathology corresponding with the patients' complaints. From these results, dynamic posturography (EquiTest) appeared to provide new information about such conditions of vestibular patients which other equilibrium examinations have not heretofore been able to detect.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Result of decompression surgery in late-stage severe facial paralysis.

We investigated the usefulness of decompression surgery in the treatment of the facial nerve in 23 patients with severe complete facial paralysis regardless of etiology. All patients were followed up for at least one year after onset. Nine patients underwent decompression surgery within a month of onset (Group A), 10 underwent surgery at a later time (Group B), and 4 did not receive surgery (Group C). In Group A, 2 patients showed satisfactory recovery and 2 fair recovery. In Group B, 4 patients showed satisfactory outcome, and one patient who underwent surgery 131 days after onset showed fair outcome. No patient in Group C showed satisfactory or fair recovery. There were no significant differences among the three groups in the percentage showing sequelae after treatment. We conclude that decompression surgery is indicated even for patients with severe facial paralysis who have a history of palsy of 2 months' or more duration.

Facial Muscles↗
PubMed1993

Immunologic study of the hyaline-vascular type of Castleman's disease. A case study.

We report a case of Castleman's disease in a 48-year-old male who complained of a rapidly enlarging mass on the neck. Thrombocytopenia and the facio-scapulo-humeral type of progressive muscular dystrophy were also present. The mass was extirpated, and histopathological examinations showed the hyaline-vascular type of Castleman's disease. Following resection, thrombocytopenia was ameliorated. Immunological study with flow cytometric analysis was made to clarify the nature of his mass. With reference to recent literature we suggest that the hyaline-vascular type of Castleman's disease may be an atypical hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1993

[Funicular structure and nerve fiber topography in the extratemporal facial nerve of the guinea pig].

The intratemporal portion of the facial nerve has a single bundle, while the extratemporal portion has multiple funiculi. In the guinea pig, the funiculi repeatedly divide and fuse between the stylomastoid foramen and the origin of the inferior labial branch. It remains unknown whether the nerve fibers in each funiculus are topographically organized or not. In this paper, the topographic organization of nerve fibers in a funiculus was clarified in the extratemporal facial nerve trunk of the guinea pig using an anterograde nerve degeneration technique. The author developed a technique in which one funiculus is cut selectively proximal to the origin of the cervical branch or peripheral to the origin of the inferior labial branch using microscissors under an operation microscope. Four to six days after sectioning, the main trunk just peripheral to the sectioned site was examined with toluidine blue staining to confirm that the resultant degeneration was limited to only one funiculus. Then all six main peripheral branches were sectioned and the distribution of degenerated nerve fibers in each branch was examined with toluidine blue staining. In six out of eleven nerves sectioned just proximal to the origin of the cervical branch, the degenerated nerve fibers were localized in one main peripheral branch. In the remaining five nerves, the degenerated nerve fibers spread into two or three main peripheral branches. In all nerves sectioned just peripheral to the origin of the inferior labial branch, the degenerated nerve fibers were localized in only one main peripheral branch, even though they distributed to several funiculi in the same branch.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical study on total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine--20. Summary of three thousand cases and the future of this anesthetic method].

Total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine (DFK) was given to over three thousand patients during four years from April 1989 through March 1993. The patients ranged in age from three months to eighty seven years. They underwent surgical, orthopedic, gynecological, thoracic, plastic and otolaryngeal surgeries, but patients who underwent craniotomy and obstetric operations were excluded. None of them developed any serious complications primarily due to DFK. DFK has many advantages such as the broad safety margin for three agents employed in DFK, no accident by N2O, no air pollution, empty bowels, no increase in middle ear pressure etc, while this has disadvantages such as high blood pressure, slow awakening from anesthesia and unpleasant dreams. Calcium channel blockers are very effective for antagonizing high blood pressure, and rapid recovery from anesthesia can be easily obtained by reducing ketamine dose given and also by application of epidural block. Intraoperative dreams may be avoided by concomitant use of benzodiazepines. Thus we are convinced that DFK can be a good as well as convenient anesthetic method for clinical anesthesia.

Adolescent↗