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Biomedical subjects

M Arima

Publications and source records attributed to M Arima.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Teratogenic effects of triethylene tetramine dihydrochloride on the mouse brain.

The teratogenic effects of triethylene tetramine dihydrochloride (Trien-2HCl) on fetal mouse brain were studied on gestational day 19. Trien-2HCl was given throughout pregnancy at levels of 0 (control), 3,000, 6,000, or 12,000 mg/liter as drinking water, ad libitum. Mean litter size and live fetus per dam at birth were not significantly different among the four groups. The frequency of gross brain abnormalities in live fetus at birth such as hemorrhages, delayed ossification in cranium, hydrocephaly, exencephaly, and microcephaly increased with increasing levels of the drug. Microscopically, disorganization of neuronal cell layers, spongiform changes in white matter, and reduced myelin development were noted in the coronally sectioned cerebrum from Trien-2HCl-treated fetus. These abnormal findings increased dose-dependently in regard to the extent and severity at the levels of 6,000 and 12,000 mg/liter. No such changes were observed in the cerebrum of controls. These results suggest that microscopic changes in fetal brain caused by Trien-2HCl may be in part similar to those in brindled mutant mouse. Special attention should be paid to the developing fetal brain when Trien-2HCl is used during pregnancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Liver impairment in kidney transplant recipients. 1. Prevalence and clinical significance of hepatitis C].

The prevalence and the clinical significance of hepatitis C (HCV) infection in recipients of kidney transplantation was assessed using second generation anti-HCV antibody (anti-HCV-2). Out of 88 patients whose preoperative sera were available for anti-HCV-2 determination, 27 patients (30.7%) were positive. Transfusion units were significantly larger and the duration of hemodialysis was significantly longer in the patients with anti-HCV-2 than those without. In 10 patients whose preoperative sera were negative for anti-HCV-2, seroconversion was documented after the operation, so that the postoperative positive rate of anti-HCV-2 increased to 42.9% (39/91). Seroconversion from positive to negative was observed in only one patient. Out of 91 patients who were followed-up at least 3 months after operation, 66 patients (72.5%) developed liver dysfunction. According to the criteria of non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis established by the Japanese Society of Digestive Disease, 31 of 66 patients (34.1%) were diagnosed as "definite", 21 patients (23.1%) as "suspicious". The anti-HCV-2 positive rate was 90.3% in the "definite" group, which was significantly higher than the other groups. Liver dysfunction in the patients with anti-HCV-2 had a tendency for a chronic or prolonged course. Out of 20 patients in whom liver dysfunction continued for more than 1 year, 18 patients were positive for anti-HCV-2. It is concluded from this study that the prevalence of hepatitis C is very high in kidney transplant recipients with HCV as the main and most important etiologic factor of liver dysfunction, especially in chronic liver impairment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Multicenter study of the effects of sulbactam/cefoperazone on bacterial infections in the fields of internal medicine focused mainly on respiratory infections in Tochigi Prefecture].

Clinical effects of sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) was studied on variety of bacterial infections in the fields of internal medicine focused mainly on respiratory infections. The total 135 infections were consisted of 103 respiratory infections, 15 urinary tract infections, 4 sepsis, 7 biliary tract infections, and 6 other infections, of which 86 patients had underlying diseases. The daily doses of SBT/CPZ were 2 to 6 g divided into 2 to 3 times i.v. or d.i.v., and the duration of administration was from 3 to 35 days. The clinical effects were judged by the attending doctors based on the changes in fever, cough, rales, chest rentogenograms, white blood cell counts, CRP values, ESR, etc. The total efficacy rate was 76.9%, and 69.0% of the isolated organism was eradicated by SBT/CPZ. The side effect was noted in 1 case, and the abnormal laboratory findings were noted in 1 case, however it was difficult to determine whether they were due to SBT/CPZ. These results suggest that the clinical usefulness of SBT/CPZ for the infections in the fields of internal medicine.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Negative myoclonus].

Negative myoclonus is an involuntary movement produced by a short interruption of muscle contraction. In this paper, recent concepts, pathomechanisms and treatment in negative myoclonus are reviewed. Two patients with negative myoclonus are also presented. One is an 18-year-old girl with Gaucher disease, and the other is a 14-year-old boy with simple partial motor epilepsy. Electrical silent period was demonstrated when negative myoclonus was clinically observed. In both patients, somatosensory evoked potentials showed giant responses, which may indicate that mechanisms of negative myoclonus have a relationship with cortical abnormal excitability.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1993

Retinal detachment due to breaks in pars plicata of ciliary body after endogenous fungal endophthalmitis.

An eye with retinal detachment due to breaks in the nonpigmented epithelium in the pars plicata of the ciliary body was reported in a patient who had been infected by endogenous Candida endophthalmitis about 3 years previously. He had no history of ocular trauma or atopic dermatitis, and had undergone extracapsular cataract extraction because of secondary cataract following the endophthalmitis. Three months later, the breaks were detected in his right eye, distributed extensively between the 3:30 and 11:45 o'clock meridians in the pars plicata. The posterior edges of these breaks were pulled to the contracted posterior capsule by zonular fibers. Posterior capsulectomy, vitrectomy, encircling and scleral buckling were performed and resulted in the reattachment of the retina. It was suggested that the ciliary body which had been damaged by endophthalmitis played a role in the development of these breaks.

Candidiasis↗
PubMed1993

[A case of complete remission of breast cancer with bilateral multiple lung metastases by combination therapy of MPA, THP, CPM and 5-FU].

A 55-year-old female was admitted for right breast tumor with multiple bilateral lung metastases. Modified radical mastectomy (Auchincloss method) was carried out. And the combination chemoendocrine therapy was undertaken using CPA 100 mg p.o. days 1-18, THP 40 mg i.v. days 1, 8, 5-FU 500 mg i.v. days 1, 8 and MPA 1,200 mg p.o. daily. One month later, the lung metastases completely disappeared on chest CT gram. Nine courses of chemotherapy with the same drugs were undertaken intravenously every four weeks. This therapy has been continuously effective for one and half years now. These results suggested the importance of a severe adjuvant therapy for the initial phase of advanced breast cancer.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of capsaicin on the migration of eosinophils into the bronchi of guinea pigs].

Substance P (SP), a potent neuropeptide, which is localized in the sensory nerves and released by many physiological stimuli has been implicated in airway neurogenic inflammation. We have studied the effects of capsaicin (CAP), which releases tachykinins (TK) from the sensory nerves, on eosinophil (EOS) recruitment in the airway in guinea pigs in vivo. Male guinea pigs were used. The respiratory resistance (Rrs) of the guinea pigs were measured by an oscillation technique and histological studies of the right main bronchus were carried out. Exposure to inhaled CAP resulted in a significant increase in Rrs with PC200 CAP of 0.97 +/- 0.25 (x 10(-6) M) (n = 5). This stimulation also provoked striking eosinophilia in the right bronchus in a dose-dependent manner. A neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitor, phosphoramidon, potentiated CAP-induced EOS infiltration. By contrast, pretreatment with [D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9]-SP, an analogue of SP and its receptor antagonist, diminished the response. We conclude that CAP-induced tachykinin release is capable of causing striking eosinophilia in the lung in vivo. This mechanism may contribute to airway inflammation in patients with asthma. This would provide further support for a link between tachykinin and bronchial eosinophilia in asthma.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1992

Inverse relationship between trk expression and N-myc amplification in human neuroblastomas.

We examined the expression of the trk protooncogene in a series of 82 neuroblastomas to determine its relationship to N-myc amplification and expression, disease stage, patient age, and survival. We found that virtually all stage I, II, and IV-S patients had moderate to high levels of trk expression, whereas most advanced stage neuroblastomas had low or absent levels. All but one tumor with N-myc amplification had low or absent trk expression, and the one exception was regressing at the time it was resected. Conversely, all neuroblastomas identified by mass screening had moderate to high expression of trk, and all these patients are surviving. Thus, trk expression was associated with an absence of N-myc amplification, lower disease stage, lower patient age, and favorable outcome. Tumors with high trk expression may be more likely to differentiate, regress spontaneously, or respond well to therapy.

Gene Amplification↗
PubMed1992

Nicotinamide-induced activity of alkaline phosphodiesterase I toward tumor-derived cultured cells from neurofibromatosis patients.

Membrane-bound alkaline phosphodiesterase I was investigated in control fibroblasts and tumor-derived fibroblasts from patients with neurofibromatosis. Alkaline phosphodiesterase I activity of tumor-derived cells increased in a dose response to nicotinamide (0-9 mM) in culture; 5'-thymidine p-nitrophenyl phosphate was used as substrate. The enzyme activity increased 1.7-fold after 30 h of incubation with 9 mM nicotinamide, and after 3 weeks increased 5-fold. The nicotinamide-dependent enhancement of alkaline phosphodiesterase I activity was inhibited by actinomycin D, which specifically blocks RNA synthesis, but not by cycloheximide. These results suggest that the increase in the enzyme activity caused by nicotinamide was due to induction of alkaline phosphodiesterase I at the transcriptional level in tumor-derived cells. The metabolic effect of nicotinamide on alkaline phosphodiesterase I may be related to tumorigenicity in neurofibromatosis.

Enzyme Induction↗
PubMed1992

Elevated fibrinopeptide A (FPA) in patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

The detection of elevated fibrinopeptide A (FPA) level in a patient with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome complicated with cerebral infarction prompted us to examine FPA level in 3 other patients with the syndrome. FPA level significantly increased in all patients. Fibrinopeptide B beta 15-42 (FPB beta 15-42) level was increased in two, and both beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) levels were elevated in one patient. These results suggest coagulation abnormalities in patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Maternal hyperthermia during pregnancy in severely multi-disabled children].

In a study of prenatal etiologic factors for 5,901 severely multi-disabled children (jushoji as called in Japan), 159 patients were found to have been exposed to maternal febrile illnesses in utero. Among them, 57 patients did not have any causative factors other than maternal febrile illness. In addition to severe brain dysfunction, nonspecific anomalies were found in 46.2% of 26 children exposed to maternal hyperthermia before 4 months of gestation. The recent findings of other investigators tend to support the concept of unusual hyperthermia being teratogenic in human. Our retrospective study suggested that maternal hyperthermia might induce severe brain damage of embryo, but no definite malformation complex could be determined.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1992

[Endoscopic treatment of esophageal cancer].

With the advance of endoscopic equipment the number of superficial cases of esophageal cancer has been increasing dramatically. It has been clarified as to which cancer can be treated as an early cancer with desirable results as in gastric cases. Endoscopic treatment for early cancer already established in gastric or colorectal cases have been applied to esophageal cases with nationwide popularity. Especially endoscopic mucosal resection, which can assure accurate pathological findings, can be the treatment of choice for endoscopic procedures for early cancer. In this paper, our methodology of endoscopic treatment of early esophageal cancer is introduced and our endoscopic approach to advanced cases which is still to be established is reported.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

[Platelet activating factor (PAF)-induced late asthmatic response in sensitized but not in non-sensitized guinea pigs].

We have recently demonstrated that pretreatment with WEB 2086, a specific PAF antagonist or cyclosporine A (CsA), a potent helper T cell suppressant, resulted in preventing the development of late asthmatic response (LAR) and increase of airway hyperreactivity (AH) in guinea pig experimental models of asthma. We have now examined whether exogenously applied PAF causes LAR in these models in vivo. The respiratory resistance (Rrs) of guinea pigs was measured by an oscillation technique and histological studies of the bronchi were also made. Guinea pigs, actively sensitized by repeated antigen (ovalbumin; OA) inhalation, showed a leftward shift of the inhaled PAF dose response curve of Rrs compared with that in control animals, indicating that the sensitized animals were more sensitive to inhaled, PAF. PC200 PAF, which indicate provocative concentrations of PAF aerosols causing a 200% increase in the baseline Rrs, were 3800 +/- 604.9 micrograms/ml and 780 +/- 94.3 micrograms/ml, in the control and sensitized animals, respectively. The same magnitude of immediate bronchoconstriction after 780 and 3800 micrograms/ml of PAF exposure was observed in the actively sensitized and non-sensitized control animals, respectively. However, LAR developed 4 out of 6 animals only in the sensitized guinea pigs. We conclude that both exogenously applied PAF by inhalation and antigen exposure are capable of inducing LAR in sensitized guinea pigs, and thus the priming effect of immunization and PAF may contribute to the development of LAR observed in asthma.

Airway Resistance↗