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Biomedical subjects

M Arias

Publications and source records attributed to M Arias.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Long-term outcome in renal transplantation with terminal cutaneous ureterostomy.

We have reviewed the complications and follow-up in 6 patients who underwent kidney transplantation with cutaneous ureterostomy. Four patients had tuberculosis, 1 myelomeningocele and another congenital stenosis of the posterior urethra. Cutaneous ureterostomy was performed by suturing the edges of the distal end of the ureter to the skin. The mean follow-up was 40.6 months (range 2-105). The patient and graft survival rates were 83.3% and 66.6% respectively during the 249 months of total follow-up. Significant bacteriuria and leukocyturia were constantly present and the incidence of urinary infection was 3.1 episodes/patient/year. The early complications of the stoma were partial necrosis in 1 case and haematoma in another. The most frequent late complication was stomal stenosis requiring periodic dilatation. A plasma creatinine of 61.88 to 114.92 mumol/l reflected good long-term graft function in the remaining patients. Terminal cutaneous ureterostomy is a simple technique with good long-term results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Vitamin D therapy modulates cytokine secretion in patients with renal failure.

In studies in vitro calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) inhibits lymphocyte proliferation and modulates several monocyte functions, including the secretion of prostaglandins and monokines. However its effects on monokine production in vivo are not known. Therefore we studied the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 7 patients on periodic hemodialysis, before and after oral treatment with calcitriol (0.5 microgram daily) for 1 month. Calcitriol therapy resulted in significant increases in the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced secretion of IL-1 and IL-6 (p = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively). This was a transient effect, observable by day 7 of therapy, but no longer evident by day 30. However, calcitriol induced a progressive reduction of TNF secretion (down to 53% of control values by day 30, p = 0.02). There were no correlations between the individual changes in calcium/PTH and cytokine release. These results show that doses of calcitriol within the therapeutic range induce marked changes in cytokine secretion by PBMC from uremic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Pulsatile-secretion of parathyroid hormone in patients with chronic renal failure.

Peripheral blood concentration of intact PTH is a simple assay very useful in the diagnosis and evolutive control of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal failure. Episodic secretion of PTH in CRF patients would affect interpretation of single random determinations. To evaluate the secretory pattern of intact PTH we sampled peripheral blood at 6-min intervals for 60 to 90 min from seven normal subjects (group I) and seven patients with chronic renal failure (group II: 4 with normal parathyroid function and 3 with hyperparathyroidism). The resultant time series of serum intact PTH and ionized calcium were assessed by computerized cluster data analysis program. Evaluation of episodic intact PTH pulsatile nature revealed that in group I, 3 out of 7 normal subjects presented 1 maximum and 6 subjects presented at least one minimum. In group II, 3 out of 4 CRF patients with normal parathyroid function presented at least 1 maximum and all four patients at least one minimum. One out of 3 CRF patients with hyperparathyroidism presented 2 maximum and all three at least one minimum. Despite pulsatile character intact PTH levels were maintained all the time within the normal range in control group and in CRF patients with normal parathyroid function. In CRF patients with hyperparathyroidism intact PTH changes were restricted within a level of hyperparathyroidism. Ionized calcium levels in control group remained virtually constant along the period and in CRF group fluctuated widely. Parathyroid hormone is secreted in a pulsatile fashion in normal subjects and in patients with chronic renal failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of two ELISA kits for the detection of Aujeszky's disease antibodies in pigs.

This work describes the evaluation of two commercial ELISA kits for the detection of gI antibodies against Aujeszky's disease. A collection of experimental sera from infected pigs, field sample sera, and sera from pigs vaccinated with seven different modified gI-negative commercial vaccines were used to evaluate each test. Both ELISA kits showed good reproducibility, and specificity, but differences could be appreciated in sensitivity when sera obtained at early stages of infection was analysed. These results also indicated that both kits could be used in conjunction with the seven vaccines evaluated in this study.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Diagnosis of dominant renal polycystosis in adults by analysis of DNA polymorphism].

BACKGROUND: Adult renal polycystosis (ARP) is a dominant autosomic disease. The gene responsible for this disease in most families has been located on the short arm of chromosome 16 (16 p) by restriction analysis of the DNA polymorphisms (RFLP). METHODS: The existence of several polymorphic markers flanking this gene permits the diagnosis of any member of an affected family. A series of proximal and distal genetic markers have been used to study the segregation of the disease in a group of families with more than one affected member. RESULTS: The clinical and genetic results obtained from a study of 10 Spanish families with ARP have been reported. A high percentage of the members under 30 years of age (40%) did not present renal cysts. CONCLUSIONS: Restriction analysis of DNA are fundamentally for a disease in which a high percentage of carriers remain asymptomatic within the reproductive age.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A sensitive dot immunobinding assay for serodiagnosis of African swine fever virus with application in field conditions.

The present work describes a simple dot immunobinding assay (DIA) for African swine fever virus (ASFV) antibody detection that can be used under field conditions. The assay uses nitrocellulose strips dotted with a cytoplasmic soluble antigen (CS-P) of ASFV. The nitrocellulose strips are adhered to a plastic handle. The test serum samples react with the CS-P, and antibodies are detected using a protein A-peroxidase conjugate. Both incubations are carried out at 20 C. The efficacy of the DIA as a screening test for ASFV was compared to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an immunoblotting (IB) test using 343 sera collected from natural African swine fever epizootics and from inapparent ASFV carriers. The DIA had comparable sensitivity to both reference techniques, and all samples positive in the ELISA and IB test were also positive in the DIA. False-positive reactions were not detected when whole blood or poorly preserved serum samples were tested by DIA. Some poorly preserved sera that were positive initially by the ELISA were no longer ELISA positive in a later run, although they were positive in IB and DIA. These positive DIA and IB test results could be caused by the differences in antibody epitope binding.

African Swine Fever↗
PubMed1992

Interleukin-2 deficit in hemodialysis patients. Role of prostaglandins.

Uremic patients suffer from various immunological alterations, whose pathogenesis is still unknown. Here, we studied 37 hemodialysis patients in order to investigate the role of prostaglandins (PGs) in uremic immunological deficiency, specifically in relation to interleukin-2 (IL-2) synthesis. We confirmed previous published data on deficient response to PHA in chronic renal failure patients (cpm, mean +/- SEM: 15,400 +/- 2,100 in uremics vs. 29,500 +/- 3,380 in controls, p < 0.04) and established a correlation between this deficiency and diminished IL-2 synthesis (r = 0.619, p < 0.05). The direct measurement of PGs in lymphocyte cultures showed greatly increased concentrations in the presence of uremic serum (US). We found that PGs synthesis can be inhibited by up to 80% if cultures are supplemented with indomethacin (IND--a cyclooxigenase inhibitor) or by removal of monocytes (producers of PGs). Both methods situated the uremic proliferative response within the normal range in cultures with FCS, and close to the normal range in cultures with US. We observed a deficit of IL-2 in hemodialysis patients (means +/- SD: 8,940 +/- 6,420 in uremics vs. 16,900 +/- 3,890 in controls). Addition of exogenous IL-2 normalized lymphocyte response even in US cultures, with no additive effect between PGs inhibition and exogenous IL-2 except in US cultures. It is suggested that IL-2 deficit of uremics depends, at least in part, on an increase in PGs synthesis induced by US.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Hypertensive encephalopathy: contribution of magnetic resonance].

We report a patient with hypertensive encephalopathy and we analyze his clinical and neurological imaging peculiarities. Computed tomography showed hypodense corticosubcortical lesions, whereas magnetic resonance scan disclosed extensive, wholly reversible enhanced signal lesions due to cerebral edema.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Cavernomas of the central nervous system: clinical and neuroimaging manifestations in 47 patients.

Forty seven cases of central nervous system cavernous angioma (21 males and 26 females) are described. The main clinical signs were epilepsy and brainstem syndromes. Digital subtraction intra-arterial angiography, when used, failed to reveal cavernoma. CT detected many of the lesions, but the most successful supplementary diagnostic procedure was MRI which produces highly characteristic images of cavernous angioma. The diagnosis of cavernous angioma was confirmed in the 18 cases in which the tumour was removed surgically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Recurrence of hyperparathyroidism after total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation: a new technique to localize the source of hormone excess.

The diagnosis of persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism after total parathyroidectomy with autograft in the forearm needs a correct assessment of graft function. In 6 patients with relapsing hyperparathyroidism after total parathyroidectomy with forearm implant, total ischaemic blockade of the arm bearing the parathyroid graft, produced a 'temporal implantectomy' with reduction of iPTH in those with graft hyperfunction. In 2 patients with proved supernumerary gland, total ischaemia of the 'graft' was not followed by iPTH changes. Total ischaemic blockade of the arm bearing the parathyroid graft is a valuable method for a correct assessment of graft function. It gives useful information in order to avoid or indicate a reoperation of the neck in patients who had previously undergone parathyroidectomy.

Adult↗