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M Archinard

Publications and source records attributed to M Archinard.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Body weight preoccupation in middle-age and ageing women: a general population survey.

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: The desired weights and dieting behavior of a sample of 1,053 women aged 30-74 years in the general population of Geneva, Switzerland, were explored by means of a questionnaire. Multivariate analyses of variance were performed. RESULTS: Twenty-five percent of the women were satisfied with their weight, whereas 71% wanted to be thinner, although 73% of them were at normal weight. Among women older than 65 years, 62% wanted to lose weight, 65% of them being at normal weight. For women wanting to lose weight, mean desired weight loss amounted to 9% of their current weight. Weight dissatisfaction increased with higher education (p < .001), and with increasing current weight (p < .001). Within the last 5 years, 42% of the women had dieted for weight control, including 67% at normal weight. Thirty-one percent of the women older than 65 years had also dieted, 62% of them being at normal weight. DISCUSSION: A majority of middle-age and ageing women in this general population sample expressed dissatisfaction about their weight. Many attempted dieting, even when they were at normal weight. Considering the vulnerability of the elderly to nutritional deficiencies, dieting to lose weight in normal weight ageing women should be discouraged or closely monitored.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Personalities and alimentary behaviors in obese patients.

The actual tendency in the care of obese patients is the association of dietetic information with an eating behavior therapy. Studies attempting to attribute the origin of obesity to psychiatric pathologies are contradictory. We studied whether certain eating disorders are more specific to a personality type. We studied eating disorders with the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) test in 281 obese women compared to 252 age-matched non-obese women. Both obese patients and non-obese volunteers were divided into four groups depending upon their personality (PERSONA test). This test defines four types of personality, based on the level of emotion (expansive or reserved) and the degree of power (dominant or consenting). According to our study, eating disorders vary between the four personality groups and were significantly higher in the facilitating group (consenting and expansive) compared to the three other obese groups. Neither promoting (expansive and dominant) nor controlling obese patients (dominant and reserved) present eating disorders. The analyzing obese patients (reserved and consenting) are reticent when it comes to consulting (18%) since they distrust others. Analyzing obese patients present an interpersonal distrust and an interoceptive awareness. The group which presents most eating disorders is that of facilitating obese patients (consenting and expansive). These present eating disorders of the compulsive types favored by interoceptive awareness, body dissatisfaction, ineffectiveness, and maturity fears. The diversity, even the absence, of eating disorders brought to evidence by our tests based upon different personality types should allow better understanding of the psychological and behavioral causes of weight gain and the means for improving compliance in the following of an obese patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Post-traumatic stress syndrome in surgery of the hand].

During our collaboration with the Hand Surgery Unit (HCUG), we have managed trauma patients presenting lesions of the upper limb of varying degrees of severity. We were particularly interested in patients who had undergone amputations. We observed that late psychiatric interventions were generally poorly accepted by the patients and were of no use to these patients. In the light of these findings, we therefore elaborated a new strategy of intervention in collaboration with our surgeon colleagues. Patients with severe upper limb trauma were referred to us immediately after their admission. This approach presents three major advantages. Firstly, patients accept support more easily, knowing that they will be faced with psychologically difficult moments; secondly, we can help them to talk about their fears in relation to the future and thereby verbally express their anxieties and can therefore help them to face the future as effectively as possible; thirdly, we play a role in the communication between the surgical team, nursing team and the patient. We believe that this type of intervention improves the conditions of hospitalization and, in the long-term, should decrease the risks of a negative psychiatric outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Dance training and eating disorders].

Medical history, eating habits, weight, current symptomatology and EDI (Eating Disorders Inventory)-scores of 41 bulimic female patients with and without past training in dancing, who came for treatment to an outpatient clinic, were compared. It was found that both groups of patients were not different for age, age at beginning of bulimia, actual as well as minimal and maximal BMI (Body mass index), length and severity of symptomatology, frequency of bulimic behaviors, and scores on the subscales of the EDI, but it should be noted that these similarities might be in relationship with some methodological shortcomings. Considering the prevalence of bulimia nervosa in women and the high frequency of ballet and sports training in teenagers, some hypotheses about the possible influence of strenuous physical exercise in childhood on the symptomatology and some psychological traits in adults with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge-eating disorder are presented. Further studies, including standardized scales and larger samples, are necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Variations in body weight and feeding behavior in internal medicine].

We have identified an eating disorder in 13% of women hospitalized on a medical ward for various reasons. These as well as obese patients undergo wide fluctuations of weight sometimes exceeding 30% of their present weight. Surprisingly, even in the absence of eating disorders, the changes in weight during adulthood are marked (22% of present body weight). Weight history should be included systematically in the medical history, since it can underscore concern over weight or even an unrecognized eating disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Model of crisis intervention: theoretical actuality and clinical usefulness].

The efficiency of the crisis intervention model has been reviewed for its usefulness as it appears in the recent literature. On the practical level this has been done on a crisis ward, the Brief Therapy Center CTB (= Centre de thérapies brèves) in Carouge; but also the theoretical level has been taken into account. This model has been in the center of the deinstitutionalization during the seventies and eighties. Through its application, essentially admissions to hospital treatment could be prevented, as we can see it from the case report statistics. Furthermore the study of these case report statistics reminds us of the fact that even patients with serious psychiatric illnesses like schizophrenias show "crises" in their evolution which might be approached by this intervention model.

Crisis Intervention↗
PubMed1982

[Not Available].

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History, Ancient↗