Biomedical subjects

M Araie

Publications and source records attributed to M Araie.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

[Analysis of the effect of PC-IOL implantation on intraocular pressure control in glaucoma eyes using the life-table method].

Cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation were carried out in 21 primary angle glaucoma (POAG) and 26 primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes in which preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was well controlled with medication. The postoperative IOP on the first postoperative day was significantly higher than the preoperative level in POAG eyes, while no significant difference was seen in PACG eyes. The postoperative IOP was significantly lower than the preoperative level at 3 and 6 months postoperatively in POAG eyes and at 1-12 months postoperatively in PACG eyes. Medication did not differ significantly pre- and postoperatively. In 64 +/- 11% (SE) of POAG and 63 +/- 15% of PACG the status of IOP control did not worsen at 2 years. Overall, 70% of the eyes the status of IOP control improved postoperatively, and this was maintained for 2 years in 44 +/- 12%. The present result implies that in primary glaucoma, PC-IOL implantation surgery does not need to be combined with glaucoma surgeries when the IOP was satisfactory controlled and the stage of disease was not advanced.

Female↗

PubMed1993

[A five-year follow-up of the effect of postoperative 5-fluorouracil subconjunctival injections on the surgical outcome of trabeculectomy].

The effects of postoperative subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) injections on the surgical outcomes of trabeculectomy were studied after a 5-year follow-up in 263 eyes of glaucoma patients by the life table analysis. The success probability (%) to maintain the postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) less than 21 mmHg without medication was 58.2 for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), 54.8 for secondary glaucoma (SG) and 27.8 for refractory glaucoma, that with or without medication was 92.5 for POAG, 87.4 for SG and 57.5 for refractory glaucoma. The success probability (%) to maintain the postoperative IOP less than 16 mmHg without medication was 55.2 for POAG, 49.8 for SG and 24.5 for refractory glaucoma, that with or without medication was 77.9 for POAG, 66.8 for SG and 26.9 for refractory glaucoma. In each type of glaucoma, the difference between the 5-FU treated and the control groups was highly significant (p < 0.01 or less, log-rank test). Corneal epithelial defect was noted in 38.8%, but no late complications, for example, perforation or necrosis of sclera, were observed. These results indicate that we can use postoperative subconjunctival 5-FU without risk of serious complications.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Effect of topical phenylephrine on the permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier in man.

The effects of a single instillation of 5% phenylephrine on aqueous flow and the coefficient of protein entry into the anterior chamber, an index of blood-aqueous barrier permeability, were determined in normal human eyes by measuring fluorescein concentrations with a fluorophotometer and aqueous protein concentrations with a laser flare-cell meter. Both parameters showed a concomitant biphasic change. The coefficient of protein entry showed significant increases of 31 and 66% at 1 and 2 h, and a significant decrease of 18% at 3 h. Aqueous flow showed significant increases of 81 and 125% at 1 and 2 h and a significant decrease of 20% at 4 h. It is suggested that a change in the permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier might be related to changes in aqueous flow after topical phenylephrine.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1992

A comparative study of optic nerve head in low- and high-tension glaucomas.

The disc and rim areas in 15 eyes from 15 selected low-tension glaucoma (LTG) patients were compared with those in 15 eyes from 15 selected high-tension glaucoma (HTG) patients. In all patients, visual field defects (VFD) were at an early stage (mean deviation greater than -5 dB, program 30-2 of Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer, STATPAC) and were confined to either the upper or lower hemifield. There were no significant differences in the degree of VFD between LTG and HTG, and the peak intraocular pressure averaged 18.9 and 29.2 mmHg for LTG and HTG eyes, respectively. The disc and rim areas were determined from stereoscopic disc photographs using the method of Littman. The half rim area corresponding to the upper or lower hemifield without VFD was significantly smaller for LTG than HTG (LTG 0.26 +/- 0.08 mm2, HTG 0.31 +/- 0.08 mm2, mean +/- SD, n = 15, P less than 0.005). The rim area corresponding to the upper or lower hemifield with VFD was also significantly smaller for LTG than HTG (LTG 0.19 +/- 0.08 mm2, HTG 0.24 +/- 0.08 mm2, P less than 0.01). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the disc area between LTG and HTG (LTG 1.96 +/- 0.57 mm2, HTG 2.03 +/- 0.45 mm2, P greater than 0.4). It was suggested that the differences in rim area were already present prior to the manifestation of the VFD.

Glaucoma, Open-Angle↗

PubMed1992

Effect of apraclonidine on blood-aqueous barrier permeability to plasma protein in man.

Effect of a single instillation of 30 microliters 0.5% apraclonidine on the coefficient of protein entry (k(in)), a quantitative index of blood-aqueous barrier permeability, was determined in ten normal volunteers. Before and after administering the drug to one eye and the vehicle to the other eye of a subject, protein concentrations in the anterior chamber were measured using a laser flare-cell meter. One week later, aqueous flow rate was determined by fluorophotometry under the same experimental conditions. The k(in) was calculated from protein concentrations in the anterior chamber and the plasma and from aqueous flow rate based on a transfer equation formulating the kinetics of protein molecules in the anterior chamber. The k(in) showed a significant reduction at 3 and 4 hr after drug administration with a maximum decrease of 21 +/- 6% (mean +/- S.E., n = 10) at 3 hr, while the aqueous flow rate showed a significant reduction from 2 to 6 hr with a maximum decrease of 45 +/- 5% at 3 hr. The results indicated that topical apraclonidine reduced both blood-aqueous barrier permeability as well as aqueous flow rate in humans. This dual reduction may relate to the efficacy of this drug in suppressing the post-laser intraocular pressure rises in patients.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗

PubMed1992

[Effects of alpha 2-agonist apraclonidine on norepinephrine levels in the rat iris-ciliary body].

In an attempt to estimate the in vivo catecholamine level in rat iris-ciliary body, animals were sacrificed by microwave irradiation which rapidly inactivates metabolic enzymes. Catecholamine levels in the iris-ciliary body were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The norepinephrine level in rat iris-ciliary body per gram tissue protein was 3.56 +/- 0.22 micrograms/g (21.1 +/- 1.3 nmol/g)(mean +/- SEM, n = 7). Neither dopamine nor epinephrine were detected. A single instillation of 5 microliters of an 0.05% apraclonidine (alpha 2-agonist) to one eye of a rat increased the norepinephrine level in the iris-ciliary body by 7.7% one hour after administration (p less than 0.05).

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗

PubMed1992

[Anticoagulant and fibrinolytic therapies for anterior chamber fibrin following cataract surgery in the rabbit eye].

Effects of anticoagulant or fibrinolytic therapy on anterior chamber fibrin following cataract surgery was evaluated. In one series of experiment, various amounts of antithrombin III (ATIII), an anticoagulant, were injected into the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye immediately after phacoemulsification of the lens. In another series, various amounts of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), a fibrinolytic agent, were injected into the anterior chamber 24 hours after phacoemulsification when it was filled with fibrin. The extent of the fibrin clot was graded using a slit lamp microscope, and the aqueous flare intensity was determined with a laser cell-flare meter for 2 weeks after operation. The eyes treated with TPA was also examined with light and electron microscopy. ATIII showed an inhibitory effect on fibrin formation, but complete inhibition was not obtained even with the highest concentration used. In contrast, the fibrin clot was completely resolved even with the lowest dose of TPA used, while no side effect such as inflammation or bleeding was seen. Histological examinations revealed no pathological changes in eyes treated with TPA. TPA may be a promising agent for fibrin resolution after cataract surgery.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Intraocular lens implantation after glaucoma filtering surgery--time course of changes in intraocular pressure control and filtering blebs].

Cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were carried out in 45 glaucomatous eyes that had undergone glaucoma filtering surgery. Of these, 37 eyes had primary glaucoma, 2 eyes capsular glaucoma, and 6 eyes secondary glaucoma. The visual acuity after IOL implantation was 0.5 or more in 29 eyes (64%) but in 10 eyes (22%) acuity was 0.1 or less because of advanced optic nerve head damage. To analyze affects of IOL implantation on intraocular pressure (IOP) control and functioning of the filtration bleb in 39 eyes of primary or capsular glaucoma, a life-table analysis with the Kaplan-Meier method was performed. The probability that IOP control does not worsen at 2 years was 43 +/- 7% (SE) in 21 eyes without pre-operative ocular hypotensive medication, 56 +/- 16% in 18 eyes with pre-operative ocular hypotensive medication, 47 +/- 12% in 26 eyes where functioning filtering bleb existed pre-operatively. The probability that the filtering bleb survives 2 years post-operatively was 44 +/- 11%. The present results imply that intensive management of post-operative inflammation and careful IOP follow up are imperative in eyes in which IOL implantation was indicated after undergoing filtration surgery.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Effect of topical epinephrine on permeability of blood-aqueous barrier in human eyes.

The time-course of changes in the effects of topical epinephrine on the aqueous flow and the coefficient of protein entry into the anterior chamber (k(in)) were determined in 12 normal human subjects. Before and after instillation of 1.25% epinephrine in one eye, protein concentration in the anterior chamber (Ca) was determined from aqueous flare intensity using the laser flare-cell meter, and aqueous flow rate was determined by fluorophotometry. The k(in) was calculated from the Ca, plasma protein concentration, and aqueous flow rate. A single instillation of epinephrine affected neither the Ca nor the aqueous flow rate significantly. The calculated value of the k(in) showed no significant changes at any time of determination, which implied that a single instillation of epinephrine is insufficient to affect the permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier to plasma protein in the normal human eye.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Topical timolol and blood-aqueous barrier permeability to protein in human eyes].

The effect of topical 0.5% timolol on the permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier to plasma protein was studied in ten young normal volunteers. Before and after instillation of timolol in one eye, simultaneous measurements of aqueous flow rate, f(t), by fluorophotometry and protein concentration in the anterior chamber, Ca(t), with a laser flare-cell meter were made in both eyes at hourly intervals. The coefficient of protein entry into the anterior chamber was calculated using an equation formulating protein dynamics in the anterior chamber from the changes in f(t), Ca(t), and plasma protein concentration. The Ca(t) in the treated eye showed a maximum increase of 37 +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM) as compared with that in the fellow eye 5 hours after instillation, while the f(t) in the treated eye showed a maximum reduction of 30 +/- 4% 2 hours after instillation. The intraocular pressure in the treated eye showed a maximum reduction of 3.0 +/- 0.3 mmHg 2 hours after instillation. No significant changes were found in the coefficient of protein entry in the anterior chamber between before and after timolol instillation or between timolol-treated and fellow untreated eyes. These results indicated that topical 0.5% timolol does not affect the permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier to plasma protein significantly.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1992

Postoperative subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil injections and success probability of trabeculectomy in Japanese: results of 5-year follow-up.

The effects of postoperative subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) injections on the surgical outcome of trabeculectomy in the Japanese were studied in a total of 362 eyes of 263 glaucoma patients with the postoperative follow-up of 1-9 years. The probability of successful intraocular pressure (IOP) control at the 5-year point of the continuing follow-up was calculated by the life-table method of Kaplan-Meier. The eyes that had undergone trabeculectomy with postoperative injections of 5-FU (5-FU group) included 165 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 38 eyes with secondary glaucoma (SG) and 60 eyes with refractory glaucoma. The eyes that had undergone trabeculectomy without postoperative 5-FU (control group) included 46 eyes with POAG, 31 eyes with SG and 22 eyes with refractory glaucoma. The surgical techniques and postoperative care were virtually identical between the two groups, except that the control group did not receive the postoperative 5-FU. The total amount of 5-FU given to each case averaged 36.5, 36.0 and 49.5 mg for POAG, SG and refractory glaucoma, respectively. At the 5-year follow-up point, the probability of maintaining IOP control below 21 mmHg with or without medication in the 5-FU group was 92.5% for POAG, 87.4% for SG and 57.5% for refractory glaucoma; while without medication the probability was 58.2, 54.8 and 27.8%, respectively. The probability of IOP control below 16 mmHg with or without medication in the 5-FU group was 77.9% for POAG, 66.8% for SG and 26.9% for refractory glaucoma; without medication the probability was 55.2, 49.8 and 24.5%, respectively. In the control group, the corresponding probability for each type of glaucoma was much lower than that in the 5-FU group, and the probability for IOP control below 16 mmHG was 0.12% at the 5-year follow-up point. In the 5-FU group, the mean postoperative IOP in successfully treated eyes remained at about 12 mmHg throughout the first 5 years of the follow-up period. There was no significant difference in incidence of postoperative complications between the 5-FU and control groups, except that corneal epithelial defect was noted in 38.8% of the eyes in the 5-FU group. No late complications related to the use of postoperative 5-FU were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Relationship of the office intraocular pressure (IOP) to diurnal fluctuation of IOP in low-tension glaucoma: a multivariate analysis].

In 288 eyes of 114 low-tension glaucoma (LTG) patients, the mean, peak, trough and magnitude of the diurnal fluctuation of the intraocular pressure (IOP) determined over a period of 24 hours (diurnal IOP) were correlated with the IOPs recorded at the daytime office (office IOP), refraction, extent of visual field loss, age, sex, blood pressure and obesity index by the method of multivariate analysis. Only the mean office IOP was found to have a statistically significant contribution for estimating the mean, peak and trough of the diurnal IOP with the proportion (R) of 0.71 0.67 and 0.68 respectively. Furthermore, an analysis of the IOP data obtained from 118 LTG suspects using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve showed that a patient whose peak diurnal IOP exceeds 21 mmHg could be detected with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 46% if around-the-clock IOP measurements were carried out in patients whose mean office IOP are above 16 mmHg at least in one eye. In view of high prevalence of LTG in Japanese, estimation of mean diurnal IOP from mean office IOP and exclusion of primary open angle glaucoma using the mean office IOP of 16 mmHg as a cutoff IOP level are thought to be clinically useful.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Effects of atropine on acetylcholine levels in the rat iris-ciliary body].

In an attempt to estimate the in vivo acetylcholine level in rat iris-ciliary body, animals were sacrificed by microwave irradiation which rapidly inactivates metabolic enzymes. Acetylcholine levels in the iris-ciliary body were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The acetylcholine level in rat iris-ciliary body per gram tissue protein was 58.8 +/- 5.0 nmol/g (mean +/- SEM, n = 9). A single instillation of 5 microliters of an 0.05% atropine to one eye of a rat decreased acetylcholine level in the iris-ciliary body by 17% half an hour after administration (p less than 0.02).

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1992

Timolol movement across isolated iris-ciliary body of albino rabbit.

The outward (from the aqueous to the stromal side) and the inward (from the stromal to the aqueous side) movement of [14C]timolol across the isolated iris-ciliary body of the albino rabbit were studied using Ussing's chamber under short-circuit conditions and timolol concentrations of 0.025-60 microM. The tissue permeability in both directions decreased gradually as the timolol concentration was increased, while at higher concentrations tissue permeability was almost constant. This finding indicated that the timolol movement in both directions consists of passive diffusion and a possibly active mechanism, with the former contributing mainly at higher concentrations. The tissue permeability for passive diffusion was calculated as 7.2 x 10(-6) cm/second. The outward timolol movement by a possibly active mechanism was saturated against the concentrations tested. In addition, the outward timolol movement was significantly reduced by ouabain, 2,4-dinitrophenol and low temperature. These results suggested that the non-passive component of the outward timolol movement was carrier-mediated active transport, and Lineweaver-Burk plots gave the half-saturation concentration (Km) value of 0.098 microM. On the other hand, the inward timolol movement by a possible active mechanism was not saturated. Neither ouabain nor 2,4-dinitrophenol inhibited it. Thus the non-passive component of the inward timolol movement was thought to be different from that of the outward movement.

2,4-Dinitrophenol↗

PubMed1992

Effects of pilocarpine and tropicamide on blood-aqueous barrier permeability in man.

The time courses of changes in the effects of topical pilocarpine and tropicamide on the index of the blood-aqueous barrier permeability to plasma protein (Pin) were determined in normal volunteers. Before and after drug instillation in one eye, protein concentration in the anterior chamber (Ca) was determined from aqueous flare intensity with a laser flare-cell meter and from aqueous flow by fluorophotometry. The Pin was calculated from the Ca, plasma protein concentration, and aqueous flow. One percent pilocarpine produced a maximum increase of 21 +/- 10% in the Ca (mean +/- SEM, n = 10), no significant change in the aqueous flow (n = 5), and a maximum increase of 29 +/- 10% in the Pin (n = 10). Three percent pilocarpine produced a maximum increase of 55 +/- 11% in the Ca (n = 8), a maximum increase of 34 +/- 13% in the aqueous flow (n = 5), and a maximum increase of 74 +/- 18% in the Pin (n = 8). Tropicamide (0.4%) produced a maximum decrease of 17 +/- 7% in the Ca (n = 8), a maximum decrease of 15 +/- 11% in the aqueous flow (n = 8), and a maximum decrease of 24 +/- 13% in the Pin (n = 8). The results indicated that pilocarpine increased the blood-aqueous barrier permeability to plasma protein in a dose-dependent manner and that tropicamide reduced it.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

A simple method of determining the time course of timolol's effects on aqueous flow in humans.

We have devised a simple method of determining the time course of the effects of timolol maleate on aqueous flow using changes in aqueous protein concentrations. Aqueous protein concentrations were measured with a laser flare-cell meter. First, the value of the coefficient of protein entry into the anterior chamber (kin) was determined in both eyes of 10 normal subjects. One week later, aqueous protein concentration changes were measured in both eyes of the same subjects before and after instillation of timolol in one eye. From these changes and the value of kin, changes in the aqueous flow rate were calculated using an equation formulating protein kinetics in the anterior chamber. Results of a separate experiment showed that instillation of topical timolol did not change the kin, justifying use of the kin as determined without considering timolol in the calculation. The calculated flow rate had a maximum decrease of 30% +/- 10% (mean +/- SEM, n = 10) 4 hours after instillation in treated eyes and of 10% +/- 6% 3 hours after instillation in fellow, untreated eyes.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1991

Effect of bunazosin hydrochloride on intraocular pressure and aqueous humor dynamics in normotensive human eyes.

We investigated the effects of topical administration of bunazosin hydrochloride, a new selective alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist, on intraocular pressure and aqueous humor dynamics in normal human eyes. In the single-dose study, all concentrations of bunazosin (0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) significantly lowered intraocular pressure in a concentration-dependent manner. Administration of multiple doses of 0.1% bunazosin revealed no occurrence of tachyphylaxis after 1 week. Single application of 0.1% bunazosin had no significant influence on aqueous flow rate, tonographic outflow facility, or episcleral venous pressure, suggesting that bunazosin reduces intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral outflow. Aqueous protein concentration was found to be unaltered by bunazosin, indicating that blood-aqueous barrier permeability to protein molecules remained unchanged. We conclude that bunazosin may be a possible new antiglaucoma agent with a mechanism of action different from those currently in use for treating ocular hypertension.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1991

Transscleral Nd: YAG laser cyclophotocoagulation versus cyclocryotherapy.

The post-operative course of intraocular pressure (IOP) after transscleral Nd: YAG laser cyclophotocoagulation (TSYLC) in refractory glaucoma was studied using the life-table method and retrospectively compared with that of cyclocryotherapy. In all, 36 eyes of 36 patients who underwent TSYLC for the first time and 80 eyes of 75 patients who underwent cyclocryotherapy for the first time were included in the present study. The follow-up averaged 9.2 months (range, 1-21 months) in patients receiving cyclocryotherapy. In patients with a preoperative visual acuity of greater than or equal to 0.01, the successful control of IOP was represented by a value of less than 21 mmHg that was obtained without additional medication, and that in patients who had a visual acuity of less than 0.01 was represented by a decrease in IOP of at least 25%, also obtained without additional medication. The success rate of the TSYLC-treated group at 21 months after treatment was 45.2% +/- 11.7%, whereas that of the group receiving cyclocryotherapy was 38.9% +/- 6.1%. The difference between these success rates was not statistically significant (P greater than 0.05). Complications such as phthisis bulbi, hypotony, hemorrhage in the anterior chamber or swelling of the eyelids were less frequent in the TSYLC-treated group than in the group given cyclocryotherapy. TSYLC is thought to be as effective as cyclocryotherapy in lowering IOP, but with fewer complications.

Adolescent↗