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Biomedical subjects

M Araie

Publications and source records attributed to M Araie.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Performance of GDx VCC in eyes with peripapillary atrophy: comparison of three circle sizes.

PURPOSE: A scanning laser polarimetry (GDx VCC) equips three different sized measurement circles. In eyes with peripapillary atrophy (PPA), the GDx measurement becomes inaccurate when the circle falls on PPA. The aim of this study was to evaluate performance of the three circles of GDx measurement in eyes with PPA. METHODS: Three different sized circles were compared regarding frequency of PPA, which fell on each circle in 282 open-angle glaucoma (OAG) eyes, reproducibility of GDx parameters in 24 normal and 22 OAG eyes, and ability to detect glaucoma in 50 normal and 50 OAG eyes. RESULTS: PPA was observed in 230 (82%) of 282 OAG eyes. PPA fell on the small circle (default setting), medium, and large circles in 119 (43%), 38 (14%), and 12 (4%) of the 280 OAG eyes. Reproducibility of GDx parameters was not significantly different among three circles in normal eyes (P>0.05), whereas coefficients of reproducibility of TSNIT average (P=0.006) and superior average (P=0.035) were smaller in the smaller circles in OAG eyes. GDx parameters significantly correlated (P<0.001), but were significantly different (P<0.05) between the small and medium circles. The area under receiver operating characteristic curves for dividing OAG from normal eyes using GDx parameters was similar between the small and medium circles. CONCLUSIONS: If the medium circles were used, obstructing influences of PPA on GDx measurement could be avoided more often in Japanese OAG eyes with similar reproducibility and comparable ability to detect glaucoma compared to those with the default small circle.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Topical application of autologous serum for the treatment of late-onset aqueous oozing or point-leak through filtering bleb.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of topical autologous serum application to stop aqueous oozing or point-leak through filtering bleb after trabeculectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 21 consecutive eyes with oozing and 21 eyes with a point-leak through a functional bleb after trabeculectomy with 5-fluorouracil or mitomycin C were enrolled in this randomized, case-control study. In eyes randomly assigned to the serum group, an antibiotic and the autologous serum, which was sterilely diluted to 20% with physiological saline, were topically applied four times a day for up to 12 weeks. In eyes assigned to the control group, the antibiotic alone was applied according to the same protocol. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and the presence of oozing or a point-leak were tested before and every 2 weeks after starting the treatments. RESULTS: In the serum and control groups, oozing stopped in 62.5 and 0% of eyes, respectively (P=0.003), and point-leaks stopped in 27.3 and 18.2%, respectively (P>0.9). IOP significantly increased from 10.0+/-3.2 (mean+/-standard deviation) to 11.8+/-3.3 mmHg in eyes in which oozing stopped (P=0.066), and from 11.4+/-2.7 to 15.4+/-2.3 mmHg in eyes in which a point-leak stopped (P=0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Autologous serum application was significantly effective to stop aqueous oozing but not point-leaks. Stopping oozing or point-leaks was significantly associated with an increase in IOP.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2005

Allergens in Japanese patients with allergic conjunctivitis in autumn.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the relation between various specific class E immunoglobulins (IgE) in the serum and allergic conjunctivitis in autumn. METHODS: Total IgE and specific IgE to 12 inhalant allergens were measured using the CAP system in 32 patients with allergic conjunctivitis in spring (spring group), 27 patients with allergic conjunctivitis in autumn (autumn group), and 40 healthy volunteers (control group). RESULTS: Specific IgE levels caused by house dust, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and orchard grass were higher in the autumn group than in the spring group. The highest positivity rate for a specific allergen was 51.9% for house dust, followed by D. pteronyssinus(48.1%) in the autumn group, while the highest rate was 68.8 % for cedar pollen, followed by cypress pollen (59.4%) in the spring group. Correlation analysis showed that house dust was significantly correlated with animal epithelia, D. pteronyssinus, acarus, and Alternaria tenuis in the autumn group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that house dust is the main cause of allergic conjunctivitis during autumn. In spring, cypress pollen is the largest cause of allergic conjunctivitis, while indoor allergens such as house dust, animal epithelia, D. pteronyssinus, and acarus are not causative allergens in Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Optic disc topographic parameters measured in the normal cynomolgus monkey by confocal scanning laser tomography.

AIM: To study optic disc topographic parameters in normal cynomolgus monkeys by Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT). METHODS: 12 optic disc topographic parameters were investigated in 36 normal eyes in 18 male monkeys. Mean (SD) and interocular differences were obtained for each parameter from three independent measurements made during a 1 week period. Correlations among the topographic parameters were analysed, too. RESULTS: No significant differences between right and left eyes were detected for any topographic parameters. Disc area, rim area, and height variation contour showed smaller right-left differences than other parameters. The coefficients of variation for rim area, height variation contour, rim volume, mean cup depth, maximum cup depth, mean retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness, and RNFL cross section area were less than 10% (for rim area, less than 5%). Rim area and height variation contour showed relatively weak interrelations and neither showed a correlation with disc area. CONCLUSION: For evaluating time related changes in the optic disc by HRT in monkeys, rim area and height variation contour might be useful parameters because coefficients of variation and right-left differences were lower than for other parameters and because these parameters showed weak interrelations and no correlation with disc area.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

A three-year prospective, randomized and open comparison between latanoprost and timolol in Japanese normal-tension glaucoma patients.

PURPOSE: To compare the longitudinal effects of treatment on intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual field performance in Japanese normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) between latanoprost and timolol. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is an open-label, randomized, study. A total of 62 NTG patients were prospectively, consecutively enrolled. All study subjects were randomly assigned to 0.005% latanoprost instillation once daily in the morning or 0.5% timolol instillation twice daily for a prospective 3-year follow-up, and underwent a routine ocular examination every month. Automated perimetry was performed every 6 months using Humphrey field analysers. Stereophotographs of optic discs were also obtained every 6 months. RESULTS: Percentage of IOP reduction or the magnitude of IOP reduction showed no intergroup differences either at any time point (13-15%). In the visual field, the estimated rate of change in the MD value (dB/year) was -0.34+/-0.17 (SE) for the latanoprost group, and -0.10+/-0.18 (SE) for the timolol group. The estimated rate of change in MD showed no significant difference from zero in both groups, and there were no statistical intergroup differences. No changes in the optic nerve head topography in the vertical cup-to-disc ratio and rim area measured by image-analysis techniques were observed in either group. There were no patients who dropped out due to the side effects of treatment regimens. CONCLUSION: Both latanoprost and timolol single treatments reduced IOP by 13-15% at their trough effects for 3 years in Japanese NTG patients; both showed similar effects on visual field performance.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in patients with Type 1 diabetes who are positive for GAD autoantibody.

AIMS: To investigate the relationship between autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) to assess the role of autoimmunity in retinopathy. METHODS: Patients with Type 1 diabetes for more than 10 years who had been diagnosed under age 30 (13-28 years) were studied. They were classified into three groups. The PDR group consisted of 22 patients, the pre-PDR group was 26 patients, while the non-DR group was 32 patients who had Type 1 diabetes without retinopathy. Blood was collected to measure autoantibodies to GAD, and the relationship between PDR and GAD positivity was investigated in a cross-sectional study. RESULTS: The highest positivity rate of GAD autoantibodies was 50.0% in the non-DR group, followed by the pre-PDR group (30.8%) and the PDR group (18.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Production or existence of GAD autoantibodies may contribute to the prevention of retinopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Phenotype of cytochrome P4501B1 gene (CYP1B1) mutations in Japanese patients with primary congenital glaucoma.

AIM: To investigate the phenotypes associated with cytochrome P4501B1 gene (CYP1B1) mutations in Japanese patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). METHODS: 66 Japanese patients with PCG were screened for sequence mutations in the CYP1B1 gene using single strand conformation polymorphism analysis followed by automated DNA sequencing. 11 cases had a CYP1B1 mutation in both alleles (the mutation group) and 21 cases did not have a CYP1B1 mutation (the "no mutation" group). The clinical features, such as age of onset, sex, intraocular pressure, and Descemet's membrane rupture, of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The clinical symptoms and signs did not differ for the two groups. The mean age at onset was 1.7 months in the mutation group and 3.1 months in the no mutation group, and the male:female ratio was 6:5 in the mutation group and 19:2 in the no mutation group. Both of these differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: In clinically diagnosed cases of PCG, a subgroup shows a CYP1B1 gene mutation. Age at onset was earlier in PCG patients with CYP1B1 mutations than in patients without mutations. Women were more prevalent among patients with mutations than those without mutations.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed2003

Hyaluronan synthase in trabecular meshwork cells.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hyaluronan is present in the trabecular meshwork where it is involved in the pathophysiology of aqueous outflow environment. In this study, the expression and regulation of hyaluronan synthase (HAS), which is the enzyme synthesising hyaluronan, in trabecular meshwork cells were investigated. METHODS: Cultured bovine trabecular meshwork cells (BTMCs) were used. HAS expression in BTMCs was examined by RT-PCR. The effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) on HAS expression in BTMCs were examined by quantitative RT-PCR. The HAS2 expression by TGF-beta and PDGF-BB at the protein level was also confirmed immunohistochemically. The production of hyaluronan from BTMCs was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Three HAS isoforms were expressed in BTMCs at the mRNA level. Among HAS isoforms, only the expression of HAS2 mRNA was increased by the administration of TGF-beta or PDGF-BB. HAS2 upregulation by these growth factors was also confirmed at the protein level. Further, hyaluronan production from BTMCs was stimulated by TGF-beta or PDGF-BB. CONCLUSION: Expression of HAS in trabecular meshwork may maintain the hyaluronan content in the aqueous outflow pathway. Its production is regulated by TGF-beta and PDGF-BB. The regulation of the expression of HAS in trabecular meshwork might be useful for modulating the aqueous outflow environment.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Genetic characterisation of adenovirus type 8 isolated in Hiroshima city over a 15 year period.

AIMS: To investigate the genetic differences among the strains of adenovirus type 8 (Ad8) circulating in Hiroshima city, Japan, and to study their circulation pattern. METHODS: One hundred and twenty nine strains of adenovirus type 8 (Ad8) were isolated in Hiroshima City over a 15 year period (1983-97) from patients with keratoconjunctivitis, and analysed with six restriction enzymes-BamHI, HindIII, PstI, SacI, SalI, and SmaI-to investigate possible relations among the isolates and their genetic variability. Seven hypervariable regions of the hexon gene that carry the type specific epitope were also sequenced to investigate the variation among the genome types. RESULTS: Restriction endonuclease analyses yielded three known genome types (Ad8A, 13 samples; Ad8B, seven samples; and Ad8E, 35 samples) and a novel genome type (Ad8I, 74 samples). Ad8A, Ad8B, and Ad8E were closely related, with 96% homology, whereas Ad8I had only 71% homology. Ad8A, Ad8B, and Ad8E shared 91.8% and 96.4% homology with regard to their amino acid and nucleotide sequences, respectively, with the isolate 1127 (accession no X74663). However, when compared with Ad8A, Ad8B, Ad8E, and isolate 1127, Ad8I shared only 62.7% and 69.9% homology with regard to amino acid and nucleotide sequences, respectively. Ad8A, Ad8B, and Ad8E had a unique 31 amino acid deletion in the hypervariable region 1 of the hexon gene, whereas Ad8I had a 33 residue deletion. The Ad8E strain that circulated from 1984 to 1995 was stable among the study population. Ad8I was isolated from an outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in 1995 and was also isolated from sporadic cases until 1997. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirmed that genetic variability occurs in Ad8 in the microenvironment and revealed the emergence of a new genome type (Ad8I).

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed2002

Ultrasound biomicroscopic study of sclerotomy sites after implantation of sustained release drug devices.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the potential of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) as a tool to study the precise location and changes of sclerotomy sites of the eye with an intraocular drug delivery device. METHODS: Eight eyes of six patients (13 sites) who received ganciclovir implants were examined by UBM. Examinations were performed 1-26 months (mean 12.8 months) postoperatively. Serial transverse and radial sections of the anterior ciliary body around the sclerotomy sites were obtained. RESULTS: The ganciclovir implant contour was successfully viewed using an UBM with high reflectivity. Three implants were deviated anteriorly and they were very close to the ciliary body and the lens (anterior deviation), while four implants were deviated posteriorly and away from the lens (posterior deviation). The other six implants were located at the appropriate position as intended. A solitary homogeneous mass with a medium reflectivity around the suture tab was observed at 12 out of 13 sites in seven eyes. Thick membranes extending from sclerotomy sites to the ora serrata were found at two sites in two eyes. CONCLUSION: UBM is helpful in detecting abnormal manifestations around ganciclovir implants and is a valuable tool to assess the changes of the sclerotomy sites of the sustained released intraocular devices.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed2001

Optic nerve head circulation after intraocular pressure reduction achieved by trabeculectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of trabeculectomy and needling revision of poorly functioning blebs on the optic nerve head (ONH) circulation in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized, self-controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS: Nineteen POAG patients (age range, 52 +/- 12 years; mean +/- standard deviation) undergoing trabeculectomy and six POAG patients (age range, 62 +/- 14 years) undergoing needling revision of the bleb. METHODS: Using the laser speckle method, the normalized blur (NB) value, a quantitative index of blood velocity, was determined every 0.125 seconds and averaged more than three cardiac pulses in the optic nerve head (NB(ONH)). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The NB(ONH) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes, and blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate (PR) were measured before and 2 days and 1, 4, and 8 weeks after trabeculectomy, and also before and 10 and 40 min after needling procedures. RESULTS: Intraocular pressure in the operated eye was significantly decreased after trabeculectomy or needling procedures, and the ocular perfusion pressure was significantly increased by a maximum of 38%. The IOP in the unoperated eye, BP, and PR did not significantly change. The NB(ONH) did not significantly change in either the operated or unoperated eye. CONCLUSIONS: Trabeculectomy and needling procedures induced little change in the ONH circulation.

Blood Circulation↗
PubMed2001

The acute effects of stellate ganglion block on circulation in human ocular fundus.

PURPOSE: To study the acute effects of local-anesthetic stellate ganglion block (SGB) on tissue circulation in the human fundus. METHODS: Eleven patients with Bell's palsy (age 56+/-6 y, mean+/-SD) who underwent SGB for its treatment participated in the study. Using the laser speckle method, normalized blur (NB) value, a quantitative index of tissue blood velocity, was measured every 0.125 s over an area located halfway between the macula and the optic nerve head (ONH) with no discrete visible vessels and averaged over 3 pulses when fixation was satisfactory (NB(ch-ret)). NB(ch-ret) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes, blood pressure (BP), and pulse rate (PR) were measured before, and 10, 20, 30, and 60 min after SGB. SGB was induced by injecting 1% mepivacaine hydrochloride (5 ml) into the vicinity of the seventh cervical vertebra on the paralyzed side. RESULTS: The IOP in the blocked side significantly decreased between 20 and 60 min following SGB, compared to the baseline, while IOP in the unblocked side remained unchanged. The NB(ch-ret) was significantly increased after 10 min by about 8% in the blocked side, but its effect almost disappeared at 60 min. There was no significant change in NB(ch-ret) in the unblocked side, BP or PR throughout the experimental period. CONCLUSION: SGB increased tissue circulation in the fundus in the blocked side, but its effect was thought to be small and transient.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed2001

Dual action of nitric oxide on purely isolated retinal ganglion cells.

PURPOSE: The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was investigated. METHODS: RGCs were purely isolated from postnatal Sprague-Dawley rats by 2-step panning and were cultured in chemically defined serum free medium. An NO releaser, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP: 500 microM, 250 microM, 100 microM, 10 microM, 1 microM, 100 nM, and 10 nM), an NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5 tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (c-PTIO: 100 microM, 33 microM, 10 microM, 1 microM), mixture of 100 microM SNAP and 33 microM c-PTIO, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME: 10 mM, 5 mM, 500 microM, 100 microM or 10 microM), or their vehicles were added to the medium of pure RGC culture for 48 hr. Survival rates of small and large RGCs were determined separately by flow cytometry. RESULTS: At > or = 100 microM, SNAP significantly reduced RGC survival in a concentration dependent manner. At < or = 41 microM, SNAP significantly increased survival, particularly of large RGCs. c-PTIO and L-NAME reduced the survival rates concentration-dependently. A mixture of 100 microM SNAP and 33 microM c-PTIO significantly improved RGC survival compared with when they were added on their own. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that NO exhibits neuroprotective and neurotoxic actions on RGCs and that low concentrations of NO may be beneficial for the survival of neonatal RGCs in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Effect of topical unoprostone on circulation of human optic nerve head and retina.

The purpose of the present study was to study the effect of topical unoprostone on the circulation of human optic nerve head (ONH) and retina in normal subjects. Using laser-speckle tissue blood flow analysis, normalized blur (NB), a quantitative index of tissue blood velocity, was measured every 0.125 sec at a temporal ONH site, free of visible surface vessels. Measurements were averaged for 3 cardiac cycles (NB(ONH)). Color Doppler imaging (CDI) was also used to evaluate peak systolic blood velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistive index (RI) in the central retinal artery (CRA) and mean blood velocity (MV) in the central retinal vein (CRV). For baseline comparison (Day 0), recordings of bilateral NB(ONH) and intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP), and pulse rate (PR) were recorded in healthy volunteers before, and 45, 90, 180, and 270 min after instillation of one drop of unoprostone vehicle. On Day 1 (the day after baseline measurements), and twice daily for 7 days, one drop of 0.12% unoprostone was instilled into one eye and its vehicle into the other in a double-blinded manner. Measurements as on Day 0 were recorded on Days 1 and 7. CDI measurements were performed before and at 45 and 180 min after morning instillation on Days 1 and 7. During baseline recordings, there were no significant changes in any parameters. After administration of topical unoprostone, IOP was significantly lower bilaterally with more reduction in the unoprostone-treated eyes on Day 7. On Day 7, the NB(ONH) of the unoprostone-treated eyes was significantly higher 45 min after instillation than baseline (P = 0.035 with Bonferroni's correction). Analysis of variance for repeated measurements also revealed significant difference between Day 0 and Day 7 (P = 0.0017). BP, PR, NB(ONH) in the eye that received only the vehicle, PSV, EDV, and RI in the CRA in both eyes, and MV in the CRV in both eyes changed little. Tissue blood velocity in the ONH increased, at least temporarily, following instillation of unoprostone twice daily for 7 days. Although the clinical implication of the increase is unclear, the effects of topical unoprostone on human ONH circulation deserve further consideration.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2001

Topical latanoprost and optic nerve head and retinal circulation in humans.

The purpose of the present study was to study the effect of a single instillation of latanoprost on the human optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal circulation. Using laser-speckle tissue blood flow analysis, normalized blur (NB; a quantitative index of tissue blood velocity) was measured every 0.125 sec at a temporal ONH site free of visible surface vessels. Measurements were averaged for 3 cardiac cycles (NB(ONH)). Color Doppler Imaging (CDI) was also used to evaluate peak systolic blood velocity (PSV), endo-diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistive index (RI) in the central retinal artery (CRA) and mean blood velocity (MV) in the central retinal vein (CRV). One drop of 0.005% latanoprost was instilled into one eye and its vehicle into the other in eleven healthy volunteers in a double-blinded manner. Measurements of bilateral NB(ONH), CDI parameters, intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP), and pulse rate (PR) were performed before, and 45, 90, 180, and 270 min after instillation. After a single instillation of latanoprost or the vehicle, there was no significant bilateral difference throughout the experimental period. The difference in NB(ONH) between that before and at each time point of measurement (delta NB(ONH)) in the latanoprost-treated eyes was significantly higher between 45 and 270 min after instillation than that in vehicle-treated eyes (P = 0.0003 to 0.0156); ANOVA for repeated measurements also revealed significant difference between both eyes (P < 0.00001). BP, PR, and NB(ONH) in the eye that received only the vehicle, PSV, EDV, and RI in the CRA in both eyes, and MV in the CRV in both eyes changed little. Tissue blood velocity in the ONH increased at least temporarily following a single instillation of topical latanoprost. Although the mechanism of the increase is unclear, the effects of latanoprost on ONH tissue circulation in humans may have clinical implications.

Administration, Topical↗