Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Arai

Publications and source records attributed to M Arai.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[The study of 201Tl, 123I-IMP-SPECT before and after radiation therapy of brain tumor].

201Tl, 123I-IMP-SPECT were performed in 17 patients with brain tumors before and after radiation therapy, compared with X-CT. 15 of 17 patients showed enhanced areas on X-CT and higher accumulations on 201Tl-SPECT in the same lesions before radiation therapy. There was significant correlation between enhanced lesions on X-CT and lesions of higher accumulation on 201Tl-SPECT before and after radiation therapy. But, the patients with residual enhanced lesions on X-CT did not always show higher accumulation on 201Tl-SPECT after radiation therapy. And, 2 patients with radiation injury after radiation therapy for brain tumor did not show higher accumulation on 201Tl-SPECT, though one patient showed enhanced lesion on X-CT. 201Tl-SPECT was expected to evaluate viability of brain tumor. 123I-IMP-SPECT was useful to recognize the site of higher 201Tl accumulation and evaluate blood flow around brain tumor. It is concluded that 201Tl, 123I-IMP-SPECT is useful for the evaluation of treatment effect of brain tumor and for the differentiation of cerebral radiation injury from recurrent tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The effects of vortex vein ligation and partial scleral resection on the subretinal fluid resorption].

The effects of the choroidal congestion and lamellar scleral resection on the resorption of the subretinal fluid were studied. Small localized retinal detachments were made in pigmented rabbit eyes by injecting balanced salt solution into the subretinal space. In these control eyes, the subretinal fluid was gradually absorbed and the retina was reattached within 160 +/- 21 min. Choroidal congestion was obtained by ligating a couple of vortex veins. To avoid the effects of IOP on the subretinal fluid resorption, IOP was constantly maintained at 20 mmHg by manometry in all experimental eyes. In these eyes, the resorption time was prolonged about 45% compared with the control eyes. After releasing the choroidal congestion by partial thickness scleral resection, the prolonged resorption time was shortened about 19%, but was still 17% longer than that in the non-treated eyes. The present data suggest that the lamellar scleral resection releases the elevated choroidal tissue pressure and is helpful to evacuate the subretinal space.

Absorption↗
PubMed1989

Monoclonal antibody to galactosylceramide: discrimination of structural difference in the ceramide moiety.

A mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) was developed against monohexaosylceramide. This mAb differentially reacted on thin-layer chromatograms with 3 types of galactosylceramide (GalCer) obtained from bovine brain. Structural analysis of the 3 glycolipids revealed that they consisted of the same galactose and sphingosine but of apparently different fatty acids. Among the GalCers, the mAb reacted with teh two GalCers which contained alpha-hydroxy fatty acids, but not with GalCer composed of nonhydroxy fatty acids. These findings suggest that not only that the mAb discriminated the fatty acid composition in the ceramide moiety of GalCer, but also that the ceramide structure defines the immunological epitope as it is known to do for the carbohydrate moiety of glycosphingolipid.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Clinicopathological analysis of endometrial carcinoma in young women].

Endometrial carcinoma found in patients younger than 50 years of age were analyzed clinicopathologically in comparison with those of other age groups. The results were 1) Out of 150 patients with endometrial carcinoma, 44 (29.3%) were diagnosed in those younger than 50 years of age and 17(11.3%) were under the age of 40. The average age of endometrial cancer was 53.6 years and that of atypical endometrial hyperplasia was 49.2. 2) The majority of these patients (93.4%) had ever complained of vaginal bleeding, whereas those younger than 40 years of age had in 82.4%. 3) History of irregular menstrual cycle was only observed in 25.6% of the patients with the age 50 or older, whereas it was complained of in 61.5% of those among forties and in 56.3% of those younger than 40. 4) Nulliparity was found in 19.8% among 50 and older, whereas 70.4% and 64.7% were seen respectively in those among forties and younger than 40. 5) Hypertension was found more frequently in older patients, but diabetes mellitus and obesity did not correlate with age. 6) Seventy cases (46.7%) has history of receiving screening for cervical cancer without detecting endometrial cancer. 7) Well differentiated adenocarcinoma (G1) and adenoacanthoma was observed frequently in younger age group. Endometrial hyperplasia was often combined with cancer in young women. Having the data above mentioned, importance of screening for endometrial cancer in younger women is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Hyperechoic pattern in breast cancer--its bio-acoustical genesis and tissue characterization.

Clinical breast echography is increasingly being used as it offers a high degree of diagnostic accuracy rate. Internal echoes of usual breast cancer is hypoechoic in the majority of cases, however hyperechoic mass lesion may appear in rare instances. This echo-pattern was seen in a 38-year-old housewife with invasive ductal carcinoma. Also, its bio-acoustical mechanism, that is, why hyperechoic pattern appears, was investigated from the viewpoint of ultrasonic tissue characterization and its related papers were reviewed. Tumor heterogeneity in cellularity such as cribriform pattern, tubular structure, solid nests and a scirrhous pattern of cancer cells may play an important role in producing the hyperechoic breast pattern.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1989

Elevation of blood pressure in young rats fed a low calcium diet. Effects of nifedipine and captopril.

Hypertension was developed in 5-week-old male rats fed a low calcium diet, which evokes hypocalcemia and nutritional hyperparathyroidism, for 2 weeks. Blood pressure returned to normal after changing to a normal calcium diet. These changes of blood pressure were preceded by changes of calcium levels in plasma. In parathyroidectomized rats receiving a normal calcium diet, blood pressure did not rise, though the plasma calcium level decreased to a similar extent as in rats fed the low calcium diet. These findings seem to indicate that hyperparathyroidism, not hypocalcemia, is involved in the elevation of blood pressure in rats fed a low calcium diet. The elevated blood pressure was reduced by a calcium antagonist, nifedipine, but not by an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, captopril. This may indicate that hypertension due to nutritional hyperparathyroidism responds to the calcium antagonist nifedipine and calcium supplementation, and is not dependent on renin.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Determination of the primary structure of Paim II, an alpha-amylase inhibitor from Streptomyces coruchorushii, by high-performance tandem mass spectrometry.

This study indicates one of the advantages of tandem mass spectrometry; the primary structures of proteins with little structural difference can be determined by using tandem mass spectrometry without prior purification of each component. The primary structure of Paim II, a protein alpha-amylase inhibitor from Streptomyces coruchorushii, was determined by using tandem mass spectrometry. Paim II consists of two component proteins with ragged N-terminus, and was sequenced on the basis of the structure of Paim I, an analogous alpha-amylase inhibitor from the same natural origin.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Endotoxin-induced hypercoagulability: a possible aggravating factor of alcoholic liver disease.

The present experiments were designed to study the effect of chronic ethanol consumption on endotoxin toxicity. The intravenous injection of endotoxin produced a more pronounced increase of serum AST and ALT activities in chronic ethanol-fed rats, when compared to controls. The activities of hepatic mitochondrial enzymes, succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase, were also distinctly decreased by endotoxin treatment in chronic ethanol-fed rats. Consistent with these biochemical alterations, light and electron microscopic examinations revealed severe liver injury after endotoxin injection in chronic ethanol-fed rats. Furthermore, the increase of blood BUN and creatinine levels accompanied by the degeneration of the renal tubulus and slight infiltration of neutrophils into the glomerule were produced by endotoxin treatment and were more conspicuous in chronic ethanol-fed rats than controls. Therefore, the biochemical and histological evidence indicates that endotoxin markedly potentiates organ injury after chronic ethanol consumption. In addition, a more pronounced decrease in blood antithrombin III activity accompanied by an increase in fibrin degradation product level in blood was recognized in chronic ethanol-fed rats receiving endotoxin, when compared to controls receiving endotoxin. This increase of blood fibrin degradation product level correlated well with the decrease of antithrombin III activity (r = -0.6116; p less than 0.005). These findings of blood antithrombin III activity and fibrin degradation product level indicate that the coagulation-fibrinolysis system is more activated by endotoxin treatment after chronic ethanol consumption. Furthermore, the activation of the coagulation-fibrinolysis system was well correlated with biochemical and histological alterations representing hepatorenal involvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1989

Radiation and surgical stress induce a significant impairment in cellular immunity in patients with esophageal cancer.

The effects of preoperative radiation plus surgical stress on immunity were examined in 29 patients with esophageal cancer, including 14 patients who experienced radiation therapy and 15 who did not, as well as 15 age-, sex- and body weight-matched control subjects. Absolute numbers of the total lymphocytes and OKT3 (all T cells), OKT4 (helper/inducer T cells) and OKT8 (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells) positive lymphocytes were almost the same in both patient groups before treatment. Both the in vitro response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) were depressed in the patients when compared to the controls before treatment. Dual treatment of radiation and surgery led to a marked reduction of lymphocytes in the numbers and activities of PHA and ADCC, when compared to findings in the non-radiation group. Especially, the number of OKT4 positive lymphocytes and the OKT4 to OKT8 ratio decreased most and recovery was slow. While ADCC activity in the non-radiation group recovered at 28 postoperative days (POD), the response to PHA did not return to the pretreatment levels. Serum levels of IgG, IgM and IgA were within normal limits throughout the course of treatment. The B1 (all B cells) positive lymphocytes significantly decreased after the treatments. These results suggest that radiation plus surgery shifts the host immunity toward immunosuppression and induces a significant impairment of cellular immunity in patients with esophageal cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Bone disorder in cardiomyopathic hamsters.

Bones of cardiomyopathic hamsters (UM-X7.1 Syrian hamsters), at 5, 10 and 20 weeks of age, were compared chemically and histomorphologically with those of normal Syrian hamsters. Femurs of UM-X7.1 hamsters were significantly shorter than those of normal hamsters, and the mean dry weight, mean volume, mean ash weight per unit bone volume and mean ash as a percentage of dry weight of femurs were all significantly less in UM-X7.1 hamsters. The bone disorder preceded the myocardial calcium precipitation and myocardial hypertrophy in the cardiomyopathic hamsters. In addition, the percentage of cortical area measured on the cross-section of tibia and the appositional rate of bone minerals, determined by a tetracycline labelling technique, were also lower in the UM-X7.1 hamsters. These findings suggest that the bone disorder was associated with decreased bone formation in the UM-X7.1 Syrian hamsters.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Direct characterization of factor VIII in plasma: detection of a mutation altering a thrombin cleavage site (arginine-372----histidine).

An immunoadsorbent method has been developed for the direct analysis of normal and variant plasma factor VIII. Using this method, the molecular defect responsible for mild hemophilia A has been identified for a patient whose plasma factor VIII activity is 0.05 unit/ml, even though the factor VIII antigen content is 3.25 units/ml. Although the variant factor VIII has an apparently normal molecular mass and chain composition, the 92-kDa heavy chain accumulates when the variant protein is incubated with thrombin and the 44-kDa heavy chain fragment cannot be detected. In contrast, thrombin cleavage of the 80-kDa light chain to the 72-kDa fragment is normal. As these data indicate a loss of factor VIII cleavage by thrombin at arginine-372, the genetic defect was determined by polymerase-chain-reaction amplification of exon 8 of the factor VIII gene and direct sequencing of the amplified product. A single-base substitution (guanine----adenine) was identified that produces an arginine to histidine substitution at amino acid residue 372. These data identify the molecular basis of an abnormal factor VIII, "factor VIII-Kumamoto," that lacks procoagulant function because of impaired thrombin activation.

Arginine↗
PubMed1989

A small aneurysmal bone cyst restricted to the cortical bone of the femur resembling so-called subperiosteal giant cell tumor or subperiosteal osteoclasia.

We report a 16-year-old Japanese girl with a cystic lesion restricted to the cortical bone under the periosteum of the diaphysis of the left femur. Roentgenograms showed a long, oval translucent lesion in frontal view and an eccentric erosive lesion in lateral view. Computed tomography showed a distinct intracortical lesion. The lesion, which was excised en bloc, measured 3 x 2 x 2 cm. The outer layer of the cortical bone was eroded eccentrically. From the margin of the eroded bone, thin fragile bony tissue and preserved periosteum extended like the roof of a dome. Multicystic structures, filled with blood, were lined with fibrous granulation and occasional giant cells. Histologically, this lesion falls within the category of aneurysmal bone cyst. However this case is of a rare type, since the lesion was relatively small, and showed a very specific intracortical location, in marked contrast to typical aneurysmal bone cyst. Additionally, this lesion is similar to so-called subperiosteal giant cell tumor or subperiosteal osteoclasia described in the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Analgesia and anesthesia during labor in Japan and developed countries.

Analgesia and anesthesia during labor were surveyed by the use of a questionnaire sent to university hospitals in USA, UK, France, FRG, GDR, Japan, and also other types of institutions in Japan. A rather negative attitude toward analgesia and anesthesia during labor was encountered less often in Japan than in USA, UK, and FRG, but the actual frequency of use was much less in Japan. Narcotics and/or tranquilizers were most frequently used in the first stage of labor. The only exception was France where lumbar epidural anesthesia was actually used as a method of choice at 70% of the institutions. Lumbar epidural anesthesia or some other regional block was the method of choice in the second stage except in UK where inhalation of nitrous oxide was the method of choice at 48% of the institutions. Augmentation of labor was much more frequent and the number of annual deliveries were much less in Japan. Higher C-section rate was seen in USA.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1989

Molecular basis of factor VIII inhibition by human antibodies. Antibodies that bind to the factor VIII light chain prevent the interaction of factor VIII with phospholipid.

Most antibodies to factor VIII have recently been shown to react with discrete regions of the factor VIII light chain (within the C2 domain) and/or the factor VIII heavy chain (within the amino-terminal segment of the A2 domain). The mechanism by which these antibodies, usually designated "factor VIII inhibitors," interfere with factor VIII function has been examined by determining their effect on factor VIII binding to a phospholipid. Factor VIII-phosphatidylserine binding was prevented by all seven factor VIII inhibitors that had strong factor VIII light chain reactivity and reduced by two inhibitors with weak anti-light chain reactivity. None of four inhibitors with heavy chain reactivity prevented factor VIII-phosphatidylserine interaction, though a partial reduction (less than 50%) was noted for the intact IgG preparations. However, when Fab' fragments were substituted, no detectable reduction in factor VIII-phosphatidylserine binding was noted for the anti-heavy chain inhibitors and complete inhibition was retained by the anti-light chain inhibitors. These data suggest that a subset of factor VIII inhibitors, those that bind to light chain determinants, inactivate factor VIII by preventing its effective interaction with phospholipid.

Antigens↗
PubMed1989

[Studies on the constituents of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. leaves. II. On the ethanol-extractable amino acids compared with Pinus thunbergii Parl. leaves].

In order to identify the constituents of ethanol-extractable amino acids (free amino acids) from Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. and Pinus thunbergii Parl. leaves, analytical studies were performed by the use of high performance liquid chromatography. According to the results obtained, 29 amino acids in Pinus densiflora (the tree aged 3), 27 amino acids in Pinus thunbergii (the tree aged 3) and 25 amino acids in both pine (the tree aged 25) were confirmed. The total amounts of free amino acids in Pinus densiflora were found to be more rich than in Pinus thunbergii. The peaks of many free amino acids in Pinus densiflora (the tree aged 3) were found in February, but in Pinus thunbergii (the tree aged 3) the peaks of free amino acids were observed in May and from February to April. The mode of occurrence of asparagine at germination of buds explains clearly the distinction between Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1989

Influence of diet on the development of antral gastrin-like immunoreactivity in the stomach of rats.

The effects of individual food constituents on antral gastrin-like immunoreactivity concentrations were studied in young rats. Rats aged 7 to 20 days were given only rat breast milk and then weaned by various nutrients (regular laboratory chow, protein (ovalbumin)-, fat- or carbohydrate (starch)-rich food). Rats receiving rat breast milk only until 27 days of age were also studied. In rats on regular laboratory chow, antral gastrin-like immunoreactivity increased and reached adult levels on day 25. In rats on ovalbumin, fat-rich food or starch, it increased on day 23 but dropped thereafter. The increment by laboratory chow was higher than that by the individual nutrients. No increase was observed during milk feeding alone. Gel filtration of antral gastrin-like immunoreactivity from 25-day-old rats on laboratory chow or three essential nutrients showed the same results.

Age Factors↗