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Biomedical subjects

M Aoyama

Publications and source records attributed to M Aoyama.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Comparative studies on the modes of action of the antirhinovirus agents Ro 09-0410, Ro 09-0179, RMI-15,731, 4',6-dichloroflavan, and enviroxime.

Modes of action of five antirhinovirus agents were compared. Ro 09-0410, 4',6-dichloroflavan, and RMI-15,731 were active preferentially against human rhinovirus. Serotypes of the virus varied in their susceptibility to these three agents, whereas Ro 09-0179 and enviroxime showed activity against all the serotypes of the virus tested to date. Ro 09-0410, RMI-15,731, and 4',6-dichloroflavan inactivated the virus directly, although 4',6-dichloroflavan did so only slightly. Inactivation by 4',6-dichloroflavan and RMI-15,731 was associated with the binding of the agents to the virus, since the infectivity, reduced by exposure to the agents, was restored to the original level by extraction of the agents with chloroform. The binding of [3H]Ro 09-0410 to human rhinovirus type 2 was inhibited by unlabeled Ro 09-0410, 4',6-dichloroflavan, and RMI-15,731 but not by Ro 09-0179 or enviroxime. Furthermore, subtypes resistant to both 4',6-dichloroflavan and RMI-15,731 showed cross-resistance to Ro 09-0410 and vice versa. On the other hand, sublines resistant to these three agents were not cross-resistant to Ro 09-0179 or enviroxime. These results indicate (i) that Ro 09-0410, 4',6-dichloroflavan, and RMI-15,731 exert their activities through the same mode of action, namely, binding to or interaction with some specific site on the viral capsid protein, and (ii) that the binding or interaction sites for these three agents are either the same or very close to each other.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1985

VMA mass screening program of neuroblastoma for infants in Nagoya City, Japan.

In Nagoya City, Japan, VMA mass screening for detection of neuroblastoma has been performed since 1977. Filter paper strips wetted with urine are mailed to a central laboratory. Positive tests are followed up by more definitive testing. Of the 20,053 urine samples of 6-month-old infants tested, January 1977 to March 1983, five asymptomatic infants with neuroblastoma have been discovered. All have been treated and are alive as of January 1984.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1984

A case report of T-cell lymphoma with suppressor phenotype and helper function for immunoglobulin synthesis.

A patient with T-cell lymphoma is presented. The morphologic features of a biopsied lymph node were consistent with adult T-cell lymphoma with hypergammaglobulinemia, and most of the lymph node cells were reactive with monoclonal antibody OKT8, which detects suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes. However, in a pokeweed mitogen-driven test system in which the capability of T lymphocytes to help or suppress the differentiation of B lymphocytes is measured, the lymphoma cells induced immunoglobulin synthesis of B lymphocytes, thus providing helper function. As far as we know, this is the first report on T-cell lymphoma having suppressor phenotype and helper function for immunoglobulin synthesis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Antivirus agent, Ro 09-0410, binds to rhinovirus specifically and stabilizes the virus conformation.

The antiviral mechanisms of Ro 09-0410 (4'-ethoxy-2'-hydroxy-4,6'-dimethoxychalcone), which inactivates rhinovirus exclusively, have been investigated. It was suggested that Ro 09-0410 bound to human rhinovirus type 2 (HRV-2) and made it inactive, since the reduced infectivity was completely restored to original levels by extraction of the agent with chloroform [H. Ishitsuka, Y. Ninomiya, C. Ohsawa, M. Fujiu, and Y. Suhara (1982) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 22, 617-621]. This was confirmed using radioactively labeled Ro 09-0410 and HRV-2. HRV-2 was inactive while bound to the agent, whereas a subline of HRV-2 resistant to the agent had no binding site for the agent. Ro 09-0410 appeared to bind to some specific site(s) on the virion of susceptible virus strains. Treatment of rhinovirus at pH 5 or 56 degrees caused a change of the virion size and greatly reduced its infectivity. Ro 09-0410 could no longer bind to HRV-2 after such treatment. On the other hand, when the virion bound with Ro 09-0410 was treated at pH 5 or 56 degrees, the Ro 09-0410 remained bound and the conformational alteration of the virion did not take place. Furthermore, Ro 09-0410 protected HRV-2 from the reduction of infectivity caused by mild acid or heat treatment, as revealed by infectivity measurements after extraction of the agent with chloroform. These results suggest that Ro 09-0410 binds to the HRV-2 virion and prevents viral replication in the cell.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1984

[ESR (electron spin resonance) analysis of cancer patient lymphocytes stained with hematoporphyrin D].

Administration of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) with the association of laser beam irradiation has recently been employed for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This methodology is based on the tumor affinity of HPD and the phenomenon of fluorescence generation under the specific wave laser beam. Furthermore, laser irradiation induces a photochemical reaction of HPD, which may kill the HPD uptake cancer cells. Utilizing the electron spin resonance (ESR) that produces HPD radicals, we measured the level of radicals in the lymphocytes separated from the peripheral blood of patients with cancer of various types and sites and that from normal controls, as well as in the culture cancer cells (K-562). The level of radicals in the lymphocytes from the cancer-bearing patients and culture cancer cells was found to be significantly elevated as compared with that in the lymphocytes of normal controls and patients with noncancerous conditions such as SLE, hepatic disease, etc. This procedure appears to be very useful for the diagnosis of cancer, and this is the first report in the world.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria terminating in TdT-positive acute leukemia.

A case of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) which developed terminal transferase (TdT)-positive leukemia 5 years after the diagnosis of PNH was studied. Most of the leukemic cells were suggestively lymphoid by cytochemistry and electron microscopy, and TdT-positive by immunofluorescence studies. The development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia during the course of PNH suggests that in PNH the clonal abnormality may involve lymphoid cells as well as myeloid cells, thus raising the possibility of the disease being a disorder of the pluripotential stem cell.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

A family of hereditary stomatocytosis associated with normal level of Na+-K+-ATPase activity of red blood cells.

A rare familial case of hereditary stomatocytosis with hemolytic anemia, increased autohemolysis, increased osmotic fragility, and shortened erythrocyte survival is described. The erythrocytes were abnormally permeable to sodium and potassium. In addition, "Na-K pump" rate of the red blood cells was increased, while Na+-K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and Mg2+-Ca2+-ATPase activities were within normal limits. Splenectomy induced marked improvement of anemia.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital↗
PubMed1983

An experimental study of the combined effects of n-hexane and methyl ethyl ketone.

This study was intended to determine whether or not methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) enhances the neurotoxicity of n-hexane at low concentration and after long term exposure. Separate groups of eight rats were exposed to 100 ppm n-hexane, 200 ppm MEK, 100 ppm n-hexane plus 200 ppm MEK, or fresh air in an exposure chamber for 12 hours a day for 24 weeks. The body weight, motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV), distal motor latency (DL), and mixed nerve conduction velocities (MNCVs) were measured before exposure and after four, eight, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks' exposure. One rat of each group was histopathologically examined after 24 weeks' exposure. Exposure of 100 ppm n-hexane did not significantly decrease the functions of the peripheral nerve throughout the experiment. Exposure to 200 ppm MEK significantly increased MCV and MNCVs and decreased DL after four weeks' exposure, but at this later stage no significant changes were found throughout the experiment by comparison with the controls. Mixed exposure to 100 ppm n-hexane plus 200 ppm MEK significantly decreased by comparison with the controls. On histopathological examination of the tail nerve, however, no changes were found in any of the exposed groups or the controls. These results suggest that MEK might enhance the neurotoxicity of n-hexane at a low concentration, and mixed exposures to n-hexane and MEK should be avoided.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Evaluation of prognostic factors in hepatocellular carcinoma using multiple regression analysis].

We analysed the relationship between 19 prognostic factors and the life span of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Among 52 patients who had been admitted to the Gifu Prefectural Gifu Hospital, in 46 the pathological diagnosis was confirmed. We selected 9 of 19 variables by the stepwise forward regression method. These were Arels Classification, ascites, HBsAg, performance status, method of therapy, sex, GOT, albumin and bilirubin. Results of multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of ascites is the most important factor; other significant factors are Ariel's Classification, performance status, positivity of HBsAg, method of therapy, and GOT. These parameters were paralleled with the survival curves, most of which had been categorized. Although intra-arterial infusion of ADM was considered the most favourable treatment method, the survival curves suggested that other methods were equally effective.

Adult↗