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Biomedical subjects

M Aoyagi

Publications and source records attributed to M Aoyagi.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Assessment of the antitumor effect after remission induction therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--an approach to a response-adapted therapy].

We assessed the response of various tumors, following each of three consecutive courses of CHOP or CHOP-Bleo therapy in 32 untreated patients with intermediate or high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and also retrospectively compared these results to those for a group in whom complete remission (CR) had been obtained within five courses and a non-CR group. A low CR rate was observed in these patients who showed no or only temporary antitumor effects (persistent increase, no change, or increase after a transient decrease) after two courses of therapy. Furthermore, we measured total tumor volume and tumor regression rate after each course of therapy in 21 patients who had measurable tumors, and determined their cut off values for distinguishing between CR and non-CR. When the cut off values were applied to the effects observed in the 21 patients, positive predictive values after each course of therapy were high. False negative values after the second course of the therapy were low, and showed 0% when the cut off value determined from tumor regression rate was used. These results suggest that we can accurately predict the probability of CR after the second course of CHOP or CHOP-Bleo therapy, although this should be further confirmed by prospective study. In addition, such an analysis may prove useful in setting up individualized response-adapted therapy for NHL.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comparative study on computed tomography and neurotological findings in spinocerebellar degeneration.

The classification of SCD on the basis of the neurotological findings was with classification based on CT findings in 40 cass of SCD. The areas of pons, cerebellar hemisphere, vermis and posterior fossa on CT films were measured by craniometer, and were compared in order to estimate the degree of atrophy. From these assessments, patients were classified into 3 types as follows; (1) 14 cases of cerebellar type, (2) 9 cases of brain stem type and (3) 17 cases of combined type. The classification of SCD based on the neurotological findings including the findings of gaze test, positioning test, eye tracking test, OKN, and fixation suppression test of caloric nystagmus, was well correlated to the classification based on CT findings. From the results, neurotological examination was demonstrated to make a contribution to the estimation of lesions and types in SCD.

Caloric Tests↗
PubMed1988

Blood-brain barrier transport of 1-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, a nonmetabolizable amino acid for in vivo studies of brain transport.

Regional transport of 1-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (ACHC), a nonmetabolizable amino acid, across the blood-brain barrier was studied in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats using an in situ brain perfusion technique. The concentration dependence of influx was best described by a model with a saturable and a nonsaturable component. Best-fit values for the kinetic constants of the frontal cortex equaled 9.7 X 10(-4) mumol/s/g for Vmax, 0.054 mumol/ml for Km, and 1.0 X 10(-4) ml/s/g for KD in the absence of competing amino acids. Saturable influx could be reduced by greater than 85% by either L-phenylalanine or 2-aminobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, consistent with transport by the cerebrovascular neutral amino acid transport system. The transport Km for ACHC was one-fifth that for the more commonly used homologue, 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid, and was similar to values for several natural amino acids, such as L-methionine, L-isoleucine, and L-tyrosine. The results indicate that ACHC may be a useful probe for in vivo studies of amino acid transport into brain.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1988

Viral infection in acute peripheral facial palsy. Investigation in Yamagata Prefecture.

We studied viral involvement in Bell's palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome. In the CF test, viral infection was confirmed in 2 of 84 patients. Of the 12 patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome, 5 showed a significantly high titre for varicella zoster and one for rubella. The ELISA test, performed in 60 patients with Bell's palsy, revealed significantly high titres for varicella zoster in 5 patients and for herpes simplex in 4 patients. All 5 patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome showed significantly high titres for varicella zoster. The ELISA test showed a higher sensitivity than the CF test. The incidence of viral infection in the present study was lower than that in similar investigations. Possible reasons for this are epidemicity or regional differences year from year.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Nationwide investigation on diagnostic methods for facial palsy.

We investigated the present status concerning the performance of examinations of facial nerve function for facial palsy, based on statistics obtained from the project supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A) from the Ministry of Education. The project is called An Epidemiological and Clinical Study on the Idiopathic Facial Palsy. In an analysis of the questionnaire "individual investigation card for idiopathic facial palsy" obtained from 28 medical facilities throughout Japan between 1984 and 1986, the outline of the examinations performed for peripheral facial palsy was examined.

Electrodiagnosis↗
PubMed1988

Results of facial nerve decompression.

To evaluate the benefit of facial nerve decompression for Bell's palsy and Hunt's syndrome, prognoses of patients who underwent surgery were compared with those of patients treated conservatively. Facial nerve decompression was slightly effective only in the Bell's palsy patients having 95-100% maximal nerve degeneration, when it was performed at a very early stage of the palsy. No significant difference in the incidence of sequelae was observed between surgically and conservatively treated groups. In Hunt's syndrome, the prognosis for the surgical group was poorer than that of the conservatively treated group.

Electrodiagnosis↗
PubMed1988

Effects of Aciclovir in Ramsay Hunt syndrome.

Nine patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome were treated with Aciclovir and the effects of this treatment were observed for 6 months. The results were excellent in 5 cases, fair in 3, and poor in one case. Otalgia and auricular herpes was improved rapidly after the administration of Aciclovir. No severe side effect was observed in this study.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1988

Calcium-entry blockers in the treatment of vestibular disorders.

Based upon the results of a double-blind study carried out in a series of 120 patients suffering from vertigo and objective vestibular symptoms, we made the following observations during the treatment of vestibular disorders by means of calcium-entry blockers: Subjective symptoms regress fairly well during treatment, but no better than after betahistine-dihydrochloride (BHC) or thietylperazine therapy (TP). Objective assessment of the therapeutic action of calcium antagonists on vestibular dysfunction is based on the results of the Harmonic Acceleration test, which was carried out by using a computerized rotatory chair. The most reliable parameter with respect to the objective assessment of the experimentally induced vestibular responses (VOR) is the gain. Our test results show a progressive decrease in GAIN, indicating a depressive or inhibitory effect of the calcium antagonist flunarizine upon the VOR. If we compare these results with those obtained in the betahistidine- and thiethylperazine groups, we cannot confirm the same decline in GAIN within the latter two groups. A statistical analysis demonstrates a significant difference between the F-gain on the one hand, and the BHC gain and TP gain on the other hand.

Calcium Channel Blockers↗
PubMed1988

[Dissecting aneurysm of the vertebral artery--report of two cases and review of the literature].

Two cases of dissecting aneurysm of the vertebral artery are reported and the 70 cases reported previously are reviewed. Case 1 showed Wallenberg's syndrome following sudden headache on the right side without SAH. Angiograms demonstrated the "pearl and string sign" on the right vertebral artery, characteristic of a dissecting aneurysm. Through a right suboccipital craniectomy, the right vertebral artery was found to be discolored purplish-red and swollen, so the proximal vertebral artery was clipped. The postoperative course was uneventful. Case 2 showed Wallenberg's syndrome with antecedent headache. CT scan was normal and lumber puncture revealed xanthochromic CSF, which was attributed to a SAH several days before. Angiograms disclosed the "pearl and string sign" on the right vertebral artery, and right vertebral artery clipping was performed. Postoperatively it was uneventful. Intracranial dissecting aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar system are not as rare as previously thought. They can often be overlooked as fusiform aneurysms or as thrombosis associated with SAH and/or ischemic attacks. The difficulty in diagnosis, leads to a high morbidity and mortality rate. Recently many cases have been reported in sequence. These cases involving SAH were successfully treated by surgical procedure. However in addition to our cases, only two cases of successful surgical treatment after ischemic stroke, have been reported. We emphasize that surgical intervention should be carried out for dissecting aneurysms of the vertebro-basilar system, even without SAH, to prevent further dissection which could cause SAH or/and further brainstem infarction. Proximal vertebral artery occlusion is the most beneficial treatment of choice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Kinetics of neutral amino acid transport across the blood-brain barrier.

Neutral amino acid (NAA) transport across the blood-brain barrier was examined in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats with an in situ brain perfusion technique. Fourteen of 16 plasma NAAs showed measurable affinity for the cerebrovascular NAA transport system. Values of the transport constants (Vmax, Km, KD) were determined for seven large NAAs from saturation studies, whereas Km values for five small NAAs were estimated from inhibition studies. These data, together with our previous work, provide a complete set of constants for prediction of NAA influx from plasma. Among the NAAs, Vmax varied at least fivefold and Km varied approximately 700 fold. The apparent affinity (1/Km) of each NAA was related linearly (r = 0.910) to the octanol/water partition coefficient, a measure of NAA side-chain hydrophobicity. Predicted influx values from transport constants and average plasma concentrations agree well with values measured using plasma perfusate. These results provide accurate new estimates of the kinetic constants that determine NAA transport across the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, they suggest that affinity of a L-alpha-amino acid for the transport system is determined primarily by side-chain hydrophobicity.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

Phenylalanine transport across the blood-brain barrier as studied with the in situ brain perfusion technique.

Unidirectional L-phenylalanine transport into six brain regions of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats was studied using the in situ brain perfusion technique. This technique allows both accurate measurements of cerebrovascular amino acid transport and complete control of perfusate amino acid composition. L-Phenylalanine influx into the brain was sodium independent and could be described by a model with a saturable and a nonsaturable component. Best-fit values for the kinetic constants in the parietal cortex equaled 6.9 X 10(-4) mumol/s/g for Vmax, 0.011 mumol/ml for Km, and 1.8 X 10(-4) ml/s/g for KD during perfusion with fluid that did not contain competing amino acids. D-Phenylalanine competitively inhibited L-phenylalanine transport with a Ki approximately 10-fold greater than the Km for L-phenylalanine. There were no significant regional differences in Km, KD, or Ki, whereas Vmax was significantly greater in the cortical lobes than in the other brain regions. L-Phenylalanine influx during plasma perfusion was only 30% of that predicted in the absence of competing amino acids. Competitive inhibition increased the apparent Km during plasma perfusion by approximately 20-fold, to 0.21 mumol/ml. These data provide accurate new estimates of the kinetic constants that describe L-phenylalanine transport across the blood-brain barrier. In addition, they indicate that the cerebrovascular transfer site affinity (1/Km) for L-phenylalanine is three- to 12-fold greater than previously estimated in either awake or anesthetized animals.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

Slow-release local chemotherapeutic regimen for maxillary sinus cancer.

Silicone foam containing BLM and implanted in the cavity resulting from the resection of a tumor seemed to act against any tumor cells remaining in the resection site in microscopic amounts by slowly releasing this carcinostatic agent. The silicone foam is molded in precise accordance with the shape of the wound surface as it foams and hardens, leaving no space between the material and the wound surface. The carcinostatic agent released can, therefore, act on the entire surface of the wound, and the implantation also has a hemostatic effect. High tissue concentrations of the agent can be maintained for a long time due to the slow-release properties of the silicone foam. Systemic side effects of the procedure seem to be negligible. Local recurrence of cancer was observed in 11 (33.4%) of our 32 patients. Three-year survival was seen in 1 (50%) of the 2 patients with T2 lesions, 11 (68.7%) of the 16 with T3 lesions and 4 (66.6%) of the 6 with T4 lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

CAP therapy for advanced, recurrent and/or metastatic malignant tumors of the head and neck.

One-day CAP therapy utilizing CPM, THP-ADM and CDDP was performed on 33 patients with malignant tumors in the head and neck region which were able to be evaluated. As a result, CR was obtained in 6 patients and PR in 11 patients; thus the overall response rate was 51.5%. The present therapy is worthwhile as a neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and it was effective in patients with relatively severe systemic condition or those with lung metastasis. When the tissues were classified histologically, the present therapy was effective against anaplastic carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Since agents significantly effective against adenocarcinoma have not been available so far, the present therapy is considered to be a useful method especially for the treatment of adenocarcinoma. Moreover, because irreversible side effects scarcely appeared and because the period for 1 course of treatment is short enough, the present therapy is considered to be a method with little burden on patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

[Direct carotid angiography using a subcutaneous needle and injection of minimal dosage of contrast media--a special use of DSA].

A new simplified cerebral digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has been performed using a fine subcutaneous needle (21G-23G) and minimal volume (1.5 2 ml) contrast medium in 33 cases. Representative angiograms have been presented in 3 cases (one of occlusive cerebrovascular disease, cerebral aneurysm, and superior sagittal sinus thrombosis respectively). Advantages of this method are simple procedure, easy puncture with little carotid injury and almost none of patient's complaints accompanied by dye-injection. Therefore, this technique is very useful in emergency cases, as a screening test in an outpatient clinic, and also in senile cases. Periarterial injection of contrast media was experienced in 5 cases which would be overcome by using a little larger needle like 21G in the future.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[In vitro susceptibility, of bacterial isolates from patients with respiratory tract infections, to beta-lactam antibiotics II].

In vitro susceptibilities of bacterial pathogens to beta-lactam antibiotics were determined. Bacterial pathogens examined included various isolates from patients of respiratory tract infections at hospitals of Kyoto-Shiga area in 1984. Major organisms isolated from clinical specimens were Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp., Haemophilus spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. An increase in the isolation frequency of Pseudomonas spp., a decrease in the isolation frequency of S. aureus, and no change in the isolation frequency of other organisms were observed between the years 1981, 1983 and 1984. Data from susceptibility tests of clinical isolates confirmed that cefazolin (CEZ), cefamandole and cefotiam (CTM) showed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and cefmenoxime (CMX) was highly active against Streptococcus spp., but their susceptibilities to CEZ in 1984 were lower than in 1983. Susceptibilities of Klebsiella spp. to CMX, cefbuperazone, latamoxef, CTM, cefoperazone (CPZ) were better than those to other beta-lactam antibiotics tested, but there was a decline in the susceptibility to CEZ, cefmetazole and CTM. Further, CMX, CPZ and LMOX also showed good antibacterial activity against Haemophilus spp. Although gentamicin, cefsulodin, cefpiramide and piperacillin were highly active against Pseudomonas spp., resistant organisms were present for all the beta-lactam antibiotics tested.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗