Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Anthony

Publications and source records attributed to M Anthony.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Headache and the greater occipital nerve.

This paper examines the clinical features of 500 patients with idiopathic headache. Of the 383 patients diagnosed as migraine, it was found that 184 (48%) were suffering from headaches due to irritation of the greater occipital nerve (GON). Such headaches could be arrested by injecting the ipsilateral greater occipital nerve (GON) with local anaesthetic, prevented for up to 4 weeks by injecting 'Depomedrol' into the region of the nerve and for several months by surgical division of the nerve. It is suggested that such patients are not suffering from typical migraine but from headaches due to neural irritation, which, for want of a better name, have been called 'occipital neuralgia'.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Oral sumatriptan in acute migraine.

The efficacy in acute migraine of oral sumatriptan was assessed in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study of 61 patients (mean age 39 [SD 10] years). 41 completed treatment of four attacks, two with sumatriptan 100 mg and two with placebo. The response rate (reduction in headache from moderate or severe to mild or absent at 2 h) was 51% (45/89) with sumatriptan and 10% (9/93) with placebo (p less than 0.01); rescue medication was needed at 2 h in 41% and 88%, respectively. Of 28 patients headache-free at 24 h, 11 (39%) had recurrent headache within 24 h. There were no substantial side-effects. Thus, sumatriptan is an effective well-tolerated treatment for acute migraine attacks.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Effects of maternal calorie-restricted diet on development of the foetal heart, as evaluated in primary cultures of rat myocardial cells.

Very-low-calorie diets have been implicated in causing ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Furthermore, studies indicate that maternal carbohydrate-restricted diets consumed during pregnancy and lactation reduce foetal growth, parturition and postnatal survival of rat pups. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on a semi-purified full-calorie or 50% carbohydrate-calorie-restricted diet throughout pregnancy. The function and integrity of myocardial cell cultures obtained from 3-5-day-old offspring from both groups of dams were evaluated after a drug-induced toxic challenge. After the myocytes had been in culture for 4 days, they were exposed to various concentrations of amitriptyline (1 x 10(-3) to 1 x 10(-5) M). Morphology, beating activity, lactate dehydrogenase release, glucose utilization, beta-adrenergic receptor [125I]iodopindolol binding, and cellular adenosine triphosphate content were evaluated for 24 hr after drug exposure. There were no significant differences in morphology, beating activity or glucose utilization between the full-calorie and calorie-restricted groups. When compared with the full-calorie group, lactate dehydrogenase release from the calorie-restricted group was significantly lower at 8 hr for the untreated controls and those cells exposed to 1 x 10(-4) and 1 x 10(-5) M-amitriptyline. Adenosine triphosphate levels were lower in untreated controls from the calorie-restricted group when compared with the full-calorie group at 4 hr. Within the calorie-restricted group, those cultures exposed to 1 x 10(-4) M-amitriptyline had significantly depressed adenosine triphosphate levels after 8 hr of drug treatment when compared with their respective untreated controls. Finally, the calorie-restricted group had significantly increased binding affinities of beta-receptors. Thus, maternal consumption of calorie-restricted diets during pregnancy may affect the myocardial functional capacity and integrity of the offspring.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1990

Isolation and characterization of simian immunodeficiency viruses from two subspecies of African green monkeys.

Cercopithecus aethiops (African Green monkey), a nonhuman primate species distributed throughout subsaharan Africa, has been shown to have high seroprevalence rates of antibodies to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and therefore, has been proposed as a natural reservoir for immunodeficiency viruses. Our laboratories have isolated SIV-like viruses from two East African subspecies of C. aethiops designated grivet and vervet monkeys. Analysis of the structural proteins based on the molecular weights and immunologic cross-reactivity to the prototypic SIV(MAC), HIV-1, and HIV-2 isolates suggests that these viruses are distinctly different. Heterogeneity was observed in the molecular weights of the gag, pol, and env gene products between SIV isolates from vervets [SIV(AGM(VER))] and grivets [SIV(AGM(GRI))]. Phenotypically, SIV(AGM(VER)) isolates were distinguishable from SIV(AGM(GRI)) isolates by the apparent size difference of the major core antigen p24. All SIV(AGM(GRI)) and SIV(AGM(VER)) isolates were found to encode a transmembrane protein of approximately 40 kD (gp40) in contrast to gp32 of SIV(MAC). Furthermore, the transmembrane protein was shown to be encoded by the entire env open reading frame, unlike gp32 of SIC(MAC) or gp36 of SIV(AGM(TYO-1)). These data indicate that viruses from C. aethiops share common features with SIV(MAC) and HIV-1, but represent diverse SIV-like viruses which may vary according to subspecies and geographic location.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Plasma serotonin in patients with chronic tension headaches.

Previous reports have suggested that platelet level of serotonin in chronic tension headache (CTH) is lower than in normal control subjects, and that there is continuous activation of platelets both in migraine and in CTH. In this study we compared platelet serotonin concentration in 95 patients with CTH, 166 patients with migraine and 35 normal control subjects. Mean platelet serotonin (ng/10(9) platelets) was 310 for the CTH group, 384 during migraine headache, 474 for normal control subjects and 514 in headache-free migrainous patients. There was significant statistical difference of values between CTH patients and those of normal control subjects as well as headache-free migrainous patients, but not of those of migrainous patients during headache. It is suggested that CTH is a low serotonin syndrome, representing one end of the spectrum of idiopathic headache, the other end being represented by migraine.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Role of individual free fatty acids in migraine.

Total plasma free fatty acids, platelet serotonin content and plasma stearic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were estimated in 10 migraine patients before, during and after a migraine attack. Total and individual plasma free fatty acid levels rose and platelet serotonin content fell in most patients. The highest rise was observed in linoleic acid, which is known to be a potent liberator of platelet serotonin in vitro and is the only precursor of all prostaglandins in the body. It is suggested that the rise in plasma levels of linoleic acid in migraine could be responsible for the platelet serotonin release observed during the attack. At the same time, it may also serve as a source of increased prostaglandin E1 synthesis, which has a powerful vasodilating effect. It is realized that both suggestions have to be confirmed by relevant investigations, as outlined in the body of this paper.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1978

Individual free fatty acids and migraine.

Total plasma free fatty acids (FFAs), platelet serotonin content and plasma stearic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were estimated in 10 migrainous patients before, during and after a migraine attack. Total and individual plasma FFA levels rose and platelet serotonin fell in most patients. Comparison of the pre-headache and headache mean values showed that of the FFAs linoleic acid rises most during headache. 10 non-migrainous controls had platelet serotonin content estimated before and after the ingestion of 20g linoleic acid. All showed a significant fall in platelet serotonin in the post-ingestion period. It is shown that linoleic acid releases platelet serotonin in vitro, and this study suggests that it has the same action in vivo. Further, it is the precursor of all prostaglandins in the body and its marked elevation during migraine may serve as a source of increased prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) synthesis. It is suggested that linoleic acid plays an important role in the biochemical process of the migraine attack, acting both as a serotonin releasing factor and a source of PGF1, the vasodilating action of which can aggravate the clinical symptoms of migraine.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1977

AL-ANON.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Alcoholics Anonymous↗
PubMed1977

The anticonvulsant action of sodium valproate (Epilim) in 100 patients with various forms of epilepsy.

Sodium valproate (Epilim) has been used in the management of 100 patients with previously uncontrolled epilepsy for periods up to 2 years. If all manifestations of epilepsy are considered together, 75% to 100% control of seizures was achieved in 43% of patients, 25% to 74% control in 26%, and no improvement occurred in 31% of patients. Control of 75% to 100% was achieved in 57% of patients with a spike and wave electroencephalogram (EEG) disturbance but only in 35% of those with focal abnormalities, excessive slow activity, or normal records. When the various manifestations of epilepsy were considered individually, the greatest improvement was found among the patients with the minor forms of generalized epilepsy (petit mal absences, myoclonus and atonic attacks) in whom 75% to 100% control was obtained in 67%, compared with 43% of those with major generalized seizures (grand mal) and 30% of those with temporal lobe attacks and other forms of focal epilepsy. Gastrointestinal disturbances and drowsiness were noted as side effects in the early stages of treatment, but the majority of patients tolerated the drug well and many commented on increased mental alertness while taking it. Two patients were over-stimulated and some noticed tremor or twitching as side effects. Some minor abnormalities in blood coagulation studies were noted, but these were transient and did not appear to be of clinical significance. Regular blood counts and biochemical studies have not shown any significant changes. Sodium valproate appears to be a safe and useful anticonvulsant with the advantage that it usually makes patients brighter rather than drowsier. Abnormalities of platelet function have been described in some overseas reports, so that any unexplained bruising or bleeding in a patient taking valproate is an indication for a platelet count and coagulation studies.

Adolescent↗