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Biomedical subjects

M Ando

Publications and source records attributed to M Ando.

At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The validity and repeatability of three light-induced fluorescence systems: An in vitro study.

New optical systems are being developed that aim to determine the extent of demineralization in enamel. In our laboratory we have compared three such systems: a ring illuminator equipped with a laser, a beam splitter also equipped with a laser and an intra-oral camera equipped with a white-light arc lamp. The aim of the study was to compare the ability of the different optical systems to detect small enamel lesions with microradiographic analysis and to determine the repeatability of these systems. Forty human enamel specimens (3mm in diameter) were mounted in acrylic and polished. The specimens were kept moist throughout the study. Each specimen of the four groups was individually exposed to 14 ml of Carbopol demineralizing solution for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively. The mineral loss of the 40 specimens was assessed with blue-violet light- induced fluorescence. Each image was captured with a video camera and analysed with dedicated software. The measurements were repeated 3 times with complete shut-down of the system in between the measurements. The same measurements were performed with the ring illuminator, the beam splitter and the arc lamp. The specimens were then cut into thin sections and analysed with microradiography. Similar high correlations between microradiography and the light-based analysis systems were found for the beam splitter and the clinical caries camera set-up. The repeatability was best for the beam splitter set-up. This indicates that the light-induced fluorescence measurement technique can be used in different configurations and that the repeatability of the measurements is influenced by the physical stability of the set-up.

Dental Caries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative study to quantify demineralized enamel in deciduous and permanent teeth using laser- and light-induced fluorescence techniques.

Caries is a disease that affects both deciduous and permanent dentitions. Caries progresses more rapidly in deciduous enamel than in permanent enamel. Therefore, new caries diagnostic methods need to be tested on the deciduous teeth as well. Quantitative laser-induced fluorescence (QLF I) as well as the quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF II) seem promising for the quantification of mineral loss from dental caries but have only been tested on the permanent dentition. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the ability of QLF I and QLF II to quantify mineral loss from carious lesions in both deciduous and permanent teeth. Thirty sound deciduous and 30 sound permanent teeth were cleaned and divided into three groups each containing 10 deciduous and 10 permanent teeth. Windows on the buccal or labial enamel surfaces were demineralized for 48, 72, or 96 h. Images of demineralized enamel were captured using QLF I and QLF II. The images were analyzed to determine the mean change in fluorescence radiance (Delta F, %). The teeth were then sectioned for assessment of lesion depth (microm) and integrated mineral loss (IML, vol% x microm) using transverse microradiography (TMR), as the 'gold standard' for lesion analysis. The results indicated a good correlation for Delta F between QLF I and QLF II in both deciduous (r = 0.96) and permanent teeth (r = 0.98). There was a good correlation between Delta F and TMR (lesion depth and IML) in deciduous teeth (r = 0.76 and 0.84 with QLF I, r = 0.81 and 0.88 with QLF II). In permanent teeth, the correlation between Delta F and TMR (lesion depth and IML) was lower than in deciduous teeth (r = 0.07 and 0.53 with QLF I, r = 0.15 and 0.62 with QLF II). From these results it can be concluded that either QLF method is capable of quantifying mineral loss in early carious lesions in deciduous teeth. Moreover, under the conditions of this study, the use of either QLF method to quantify mineral loss in early carious lesions in deciduous teeth is slightly more accurate than in permanent teeth.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of enamel thickness on quantification of mineral loss in enamel using laser-induced fluorescence.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of enamel thickness on the quantification of white-spot lesions with laser fluorescence. One hundred and twenty 3-mm-diameter human ground and polished enamel specimens were used. Specimens were illuminated by a 488-nm argon laser, images were acquired through a 540-nm high-pass filter and stored on the Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF) program. Specimens were divided into two groups and demineralized for 48 or 96 h and QLF images were again acquired. Fluorescence radiance (FR) of both sound (FR(s)) and demineralized (FR(d)) enamel was determined using the QLF program. Change in fluorescence radiance (Delta FR, %) was determined as follows: Delta FR = FR(d)/FR(s) x 100. One thin section was obtained for transverse microradiography analysis. Enamel and dentin thickness of the thin sections were measured. There was a good correlation between QLF parameters and enamel thickness. It can be concluded that the FR observed for similar lesions depends on the actual enamel thickness.

Dental Enamel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of several techniques for the detection of secondary caries adjacent to amalgam restorations.

The objective of this study was to determine the ability of several techniques to detect natural secondary caries adjacent to proximal class II amalgam restorations. Two sites were selected and marked on each of 50 human extracted posterior teeth. Three examiners visually characterized each site independently for signs of demineralization (VI), ditching presence (VD), and color change, and utilized light-induced fluorescence (QLF), and infrared laser fluorescence (LF) techniques. The teeth were sectioned through the selected sites, and the severity of each lesion was determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) as the 'gold standard'. Agreement among examiners was assessed using weighted kappa statistics and showed fair to moderate correlation with all techniques. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value and accuracy were determined by utilizing three arbitrary CLSM thresholds. Higher sensitivity was indicated by the QLF and LF than by VI. For PPV and accuracy, QLF and LF showed values higher or similar to VI. Low sensitivity was found for VD. The results obtained in this study suggest that LF and QLF may improve the ability to detect early secondary caries around amalgam restorations.

Dental Amalgam↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of the organic matrix on root dentine erosion by citric acid.

This investigation was conducted in an attempt to clarify the role of the organic matrix in bovine dentine demineralisation by 1% citric acid. Dentine slabs (n = 15) were treated for 2 min with 10% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl, a strong protein solvent), 2% glutaraldehyde (GDA, a protein fixative) or deionised water (DIW, as negative control) prior to each of 5 demineralisation periods of 30 min. The mineral loss (DeltaZ), lesion depth (LD) and surface loss (SL) were determined after each period of demineralisation, by transverse microradiography. The NaOCl-treated group showed higher DeltaZ and LD than the GDA- and DIW-treated groups. No differences between GDA and DIW groups were found. The DeltaZ and LD profiles were explained by quadratic fits (r(2) >0.80; p = 0.001) in all groups. SL was detected only in the NaOCl-treated group. The data suggested that the maintenance of the organic matrix in the lesion might be important to reduce the erosion progression rate.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fetal cardiovascular morphology of interrupted aortic arch type B in rats.

Interrupted aortic arch type B associated with ventricular septal defect (n = 17) or atrioventricular septal defect (n = 2) was induced in 19 of 300 fetuses by maternal administration of bis-diamine on the 9th and 10th day of pregnancy. After rapid whole-body freezing on the 21st day, the fetuses were studied by means of serial cross-sectional photographs of the frozen thorax. In fetuses with interrupted aortic arch, the ascending aorta was small, and the ratio of its diameter to the diameter of the pulmonary trunk was 0.64 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- SEM) in contrast to 0.96 +/- 0.02 in the control. The aortic arch was interrupted distal to the left common carotid artery (type B of Cerolia and Patton) in all cases.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In situ morphology of fetal aortic isthmus following ductal constriction in rats.

To clarify the effect of experimentally increased blood flow to the aortic isthmus, in situ cross-sectional morphology of the aortic isthmus and the juxta-ductal descending aorta was studied in fetal rats. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) was administered to 10 near-term pregnant rats, and fetuses were studied 4 and 24 h later with cesarean section, rapid whole-body freezing, sectioning on a freezing microtome in a plane perpendicular to the aortic isthmus, and photographing cross-sections. Fetuses without treatment served as controls. The ductus was constricted and its cross-sectional area was 12 +/- 3% (mean +/- SEM, % of control; p < 0.05 vs. control) at 4 and 24 h. The aortic isthmus was enlarged and the cross-sectional area was 146 +/- 5% at 24 h in response to the increased flow. These results support the concept that the size of the fetal aortic isthmus can change rapidly depending on the flow in late gestation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fetal in situ cardiovascular and pulmonary morphology of vascular ring due to left aortic arch and right ductus arteriosus in rats.

We studied 17 fetal rats with vascular ring composed of the left aortic arch and right ductus arteriosus and 7 fetal rats with the mirror-image arrangement. The vascular ring of this type was induced by administration of bis-diamine (200 mg) on the 9th and 10th day of pregnancy in rats. In the most severe case, the esophagus and trachea were compressed completely and no inner space was left, and localized and diffuse tracheal stenosis was prominent. The fetal lung mass was increased as the stenosis of the ring was severe. The thoracic descending aorta was positioned in the left side, and was contrasted with the clinically observed right descending aorta in this postnatal anomaly. Thus we are reporting two new findings in the fetal vascular ring with the left aortic arch and the right ductus arteriosus: increased lung mass and left descending aorta in a fetal animal model.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of respirable suspended particulates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor and outdoor air.

To study the concentration change of respirable suspended particulate (RSP) in indoor and outdoor air environment, a new portable sampler (AND-sampler) was made. The sampler could collect particles above 10 microns, 2 to 10 microns, and below 2 microns in aerodynamic diameter separately. The relationship between the airborne particulate concentration in indoor and outdoor air environment varied with the aerodynamic diameter of the particles. The concentration of RSP in indoor air environment increased in proportion to that in outdoor environment. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) concentration in airborne particulate also varies with the aerodynamic diameter of the particles. Fine particles below 2 microns in aerodynamic diameter contains high concentration of PAH. The PAH concentration in indoor air environment increases in proportion to that in outdoor air.

Air Pollution, Indoor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bronchoalveolar lavage studies in uveitis patients without radiological intrathoracic involvement of sarcoidosis.

In the present study, we investigated thirty uveitis patients who had a possible diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis, no respiratory symptoms, and normal chest X-rays, in order to determine whether bronchoalveolar lavage was useful for establishing a diagnosis of subclinical pulmonary involvement of sarcoidosis. Sixteen of 30 uveitis patients showed bronchoalveolar lymphocytosis (39 +/- 11%) as compared to normal controls (14 +/- 3%). Ten of these 16 patients were associated with significantly increased proportions of CD3+ cells with elevated CD4+/CD8+ ratios (P less than 0.01). These data were consistent with those of patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis (stage 1 and 2) except for total cell count in lavage fluid, but different from those of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Transbronchial lung biopsy showed noncaseating epithelioid cell granuloma in 4 of 10 uveitis patients with bronchoalveolar T-lymphocytosis and increased CD4+/CD8+ ratios. Immunohistochemical studies of biopsied lung tissues showed many CD3+ cells and CD4+ cells with very few CD8+ cells in the granuloma. These results suggest that T-lymphocytosis with elevated CD4+/CD8+ ratios in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid could be a good marker in predicting the pulmonary involvement of sarcoidosis in patients with suspected ocular sarcoidosis and normal chest X-rays.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adenosine deaminase activity and free IL-2 receptor levels in serum from patients with mycoplasma pneumonia.

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and free interleukin (IL)-2 receptor levels were assayed in serum samples from patients with mycoplasma and bacterial pneumonia to evaluate the usefulness of these parameters in distinguishing between these diseases at an early stage. Serum ADA and free IL-2 receptor levels in patients with mycoplasma pneumonia (32.4 +/- 9.2 U/l, 960 +/- 204 U/ml) were significantly higher than those in patients with bacterial pneumonia (12.5 +/- 3.3 U/l, 425 +/- 86 U/ml) and in healthy controls (14.0 +/- 3.4 U/l, 286 +/- 49 U/ml) (p less than 0.001). Of the 20 mycoplasma pneumonia cases, 19 showed increased levels of ADA over 20.8 U/l; in 17 of the 19, the increase of ADA was seen before the elevation of the specific antibody to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. In contrast, serum ADA levels in all 20 cases of bacterial pneumonia were lower than 20.8 U/l. There results indicate that assays for serum ADA and free IL-2 receptor levels are useful in distinguishing between bacterial and mycoplasma pneumonia at an early stage.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis in mice induced by Trichosporon cutaneum: histologic and immunologic features and effect of in vivo depletion of T cell subsets.

An animal model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) was developed in C57Black/6J mice by repeated intratracheal inoculations with particulate Trichosporon cutaneum, a causative agent of Japanese summer-type HP. We observed severe alveolitis and bronchiolitis with infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils in the lung lesions. Granuloma formation was occasionally seen. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of the experimental animals showed an increase in the number of lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and in the total cell yield. Phenotypic analysis of the BAL lymphocytes by flow cytometry revealed that 43.1 +/- 3.1% of lymphocytes were Thy1.2+ (CD3+) cells and that the L3T4+ (CD4+) cells (36.3 +/- 3.5%) predominated over the Lyt2+ (CD8+) cells (18.5 +/- 1.2%). As for the humoral immune response, the specific IgA antibody activities in the BAL fluids well reflected the specific pulmonary inflammatory responses. Studies of lymphocyte depletion were performed by in vivo administration of anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies. Depletions of CD4+ cells and of both CD4+ and CD8+ cells diminished the pulmonary lesions and specific IgA antibody activities in the BAL fluids. These results indicate that CD4+ cells may play a major role in the inflammatory process of this animal model.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biliary carcinoembryonic antigen levels can predict metachronous liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.

We set out to determine whether carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in gallbladder bile and serum can predict metachronous liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. At the time of surgery, gallbladder bile and serum were sampled for enzyme immunoassays of CEA. Upper limit (mean +/- 2SD) of the normal range for CEA in bile was established from samples at surgery for nonneoplastic gallbladder disease. In 11 patients with synchronous liver metastases, biliary CEA levels correlated with the size of hepatic lesions. In 49 patients without evident liver metastases at the time of surgery, elevated biliary CEA levels predicted subsequent emergence of metachronous liver metastases with 75% sensitivity, 85% specificity, and 84% accuracy; serum CEA levels were not a reliable predictor. In conclusion, determination of biliary CEA level at the time of colorectal resection shows promise as a way to identify patients at high risk for hepatic recurrence.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Periovulatory and interleukin (IL)-1-dependent regulation of IL-6 in the immature rat ovary: a specific IL-1 receptor-mediated eicosanoid-dependent effect.

Interleukin (IL)-6, traditionally an IL-1-induced immune regulator, is nevertheless synthesized by a variety of tissues including the ovary. The purposes of this communication were to assess the ovarian expression of IL-6, examine its cyclic variation, and study its regulation by IL-1, a putative intermediary in the ovulatory process. Molecular probing revealed IL-6 transcripts to be most abundant in the thymus, liver, and ovary, which suggests that, in relative terms, untreated immature whole ovarian tissue is a significant site of IL-6 gene expression. Treatment of immature rats with pregnant mare serum gonadotropins resulted in a measurable, statistically significant (P <.05) increase in ovarian IL-6 mRNA compared with untreated controls. Isolated and indeed transient increments in the relative abundance of IL-6 transcripts were noted 4 hours after exposure to hCG, a point in time 8 hours from projected follicular rupture, a pattern highly reminiscent of that previously recognized for IL-1 beta transcripts. Treatment of whole ovarian dispersates from immature rats with IL-1 beta for 48 hours resulted in a significant (P <.05) increase (11-fold) over control in IL-6 transcripts. The IL-1 effect proved dose dependent; the first significant increase was noted at the 1-ng/mL dose level. Evaluation of the time requirements revealed IL-1 beta to significantly (P <.05) up-regulate (4.5-fold) IL-6 transcripts as early as 24 hours into the culture period. Cotreatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist completely reversed the IL-1 effect, which suggests mediation through a specific IL-1 receptor. Treatment with indomethacin (10 microg/mL), an established inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, resulted in a significant (P <.05) decrease (79%) in the ability of IL-1 beta to up-regulate IL-6 transcripts. Importantly, the addition of prostaglandin E(2) (10 microg/mL) to untreated or indomethacin-treated cells significantly (P <.05) augmented the IL-1 beta effect. This suggests a role for eicosanoid signaling in IL-1 beta action. Treatment with aminoguanidine, an established inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, significantly (P <.05) decreased (85%) the IL-1 beta effect. However, the addition of S-nitroso-n-acetyl-penicilamine, an established nitrite generator, failed to reverse the aminoguanidine effect, which suggests that the inhibitor effect of aminoguanidine may be nitrite independent. Treatment with cycloheximide produced dose-dependent inhibition of the ability of IL-1 to up-regulate IL-6 transcripts; the maximal inhibitory effect was 89%. Taken together, these findings (1) reaffirm the rat ovary as a site of IL-6 expression; (2) document an in vivo increase in IL-6 transcripts before ovulation; (3) disclose a marked dependence of IL-6 on IL-1 beta; and (4) reveal the IL-1 beta effect to be dose and time dependent, receptor mediated, contingent upon de novo protein biosynthesis, and eicosanoid dependent but nitric oxide independent. These findings suggest that IL-1 action in the ovary may require the intermediacy of IL-6 in a manner like that encountered in extraovarian sites.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury using a pig model: correlation between MR imaging and histologic results.

PURPOSE: To correlate MR imaging findings with pathology in experimental hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury, which has similar pathology to diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen Yorkshire pigs were studied. These animals were exposed to more than 80% oxygen for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours in a sealed cage. The lungs were removed and inflated with air infused through the trachea, and then examined by both MRI and high-resolution CT (HRCT). T1-weighted spin-echo (T1WSE), T2-weighted fast (T2WFSE), and half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) sequences were performed. RESULTS: Severity in MR findings and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) on MR images were well correlated with pathological scores. CT values were also correlated well with pathologic scores. Abnormal SNR values were obtained from a pathological score of 5, whereas abnormal CT values were obtained from a pathological score of 15. Furthermore, significant differences in SNR were observed in each histopathological phase. CONCLUSION: SNRs on MR images were superior to CT values in detecting early pathologic changes in DAD. MR study also is potentially useful for evaluation of the histopathological phases in acute lung injury.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Optimal combination of seven tumour markers in prediction of advanced stage at first examination of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Between Januaty 1996 and December 1999, we examined seven tumour markers (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha feto protein (AFP), cancer antigen CAI9-9 (CA199), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cancer antigen CA125 (CA125), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA)) in 312 patients (200 patients with adenocarcinoma (Ad); 112 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (Sq)). In Ad patients, CEA showed the highest positivity rate (46.5% of Ad patients) which rose as the stage advanced and was followed by CA125, the positivity rate of which also increased with the stage. All the Ad cases (35 out of 35:100%) with CA125 levels above 70 ng/ml were advanced (stage IIIB or IV), regardless of the other tumour markers. In Sq patients, the positivity rate of CYFRA (48.2%) was the second highest behind SCC (55.4%), but increased as the stage advanced. As regards the combinations of two markers, in Ad patients, both CYFRA and CA 125 showed significant supplementary value when used with CEA, even though CEA expression was absent. Furthermore, most ofthe CEA, CYFRA (25 out of 26:96.2%) and CEA, CA125 (38 out of 40:95.0%) double-positive Ad patients were also in the advanced stage. In Sq patients, no additional sensitivity and specificity in the prediction of advanced stage resulted from any combination of CYFRA with other markers. By selecting appropriate tumour markers in NSCLC patients, we can predict the stage of the lung cancer and utilize these markers as complementaty tools to establish indications for treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intranasal L-threo-3,4,-dihydroxyphenylserine in treating diarrhea associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy.

We evaluated the absorption disturbance of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP). Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) 300 mg was administered orally to 10 patients with FAP and 11 control subjects. Serum levels of total bile acid were determined as an indicator of absorption. The patients had lower serum levels of total bile acid than controls, suggesting an absorption disorder. To attempt to treat the diarrhea commonly associated with FAP, L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (L-threo-DOPS), a synthetic precursor of norepinephrine, was administered 100 mg/dose by the oral and 8 mg/0.4 ml by the intranasal route and their effects on the elevation of serum norepinephrine levels were compared. The 3-0-monohemiphthalate salt of glycyrrhizinic acid and sodium ascorbate were used as vehicles for the intranasal preparation to enhance drug absorption and prevent oxidation. Increased serum levels of norepinephrine, the converted metabolite of L-threo-DOPS in serum, was observed 2 hours after intranasal administration, but not after administration of the oral preparation or vehicle alone. Intranasal administration of 8 mg 3 times/day for 1 week resulted in reduction of the daily frequency of diarrhea as well as a decrease in the severe orthostatic hypotension in three patients with FAP. Thus, an intranasal delivery system for L-threo-DOPS, which acts by stimulating adrenergic receptors, may be considered in treating patients with FAP with severe diarrhea.

Administration, Intranasal↗